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Biomedical subjects

B D Ripley

Publications and source records attributed to B D Ripley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Acute tricresylphosphate intoxication in childhood.

Tricresylphosphates (TCP) have been responsible for a large number of epidemic and individual intoxications since the recognition, in 1899, that phospho-creosote was the cause of paralysis in patients being treated for tuberculosis. Although children are mentioned as being among the victims of epidemic intoxication, no well documented reports of acute tricresylphosphate ingestion in childhood are available in the literature. We report a case of severe intoxication in a 4 1/2-year-old child following ingestion of a lubricant containing TCP. Clinical findings in this child were typical of previously reported acute ingestions in adults: acute gastro-intestinal symptoms, delayed cholinergic crisis and neurological toxicity. Previous literature is reviewed briefly and discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

MHC control of cell position in vitro.

Two-dimensional sorting-out behaviour (segregation) in mixtures of pulmonary endothelial cell lines derived from congenic strains of mice was examined using dense confluent cultures in which mitosis is rare. Cell MHC type was detected by autoradiographic labelling or by immunofluorescence techniques. For autoradiography cultures of one type were previously labelled with [3H]thymidine and one component of the mixed cell types was prepared from these cultures. Autoradiographs were prepared from the fixed cultures. Counts of contiguous neighbours (labelled or unlabelled around a randomly chosen central labelled cell) were made: these were analysed statistically using a new model for such a system. The results show that segregation of a clustering type took place if the alleles of the D locus in the H-2 complex were mismatched in the mixed strains, but that matching at the IC locus (or some locus to the right of IJ) overrides the effect of D mismatch. After 2 days culture sorting-out was easily detectable when the cells were stained for their histocompatibility antigens and groups of up to 12 cells of the same type were associated together.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A novel procedure for pattern analysis of features present on freeze-fractured plasma membranes.

We have used statistical methods for the analysis of two-dimensional point patterns to derive quantitative descriptions of the distributions of caveolae on freeze-fractured muscle fibre membranes. One method was based on a quadrat analysis while the second was a new procedure that we have called the interpoint distance analysis. We show that the latter analysis can unambiguously distinguish random, clustered and dispersed patterns and that a single parameter can be derived that can be used to compare different distributions. It is readily applicable to patterns containing several hundred points. Practical details of the method are given and a simple algorithm that can be implemented on a microcomputer is provided. The interpoint distance analysis should prove generally useful in situations where the two-dimensional distribution of objects has to be quantified.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1979

Herbicide contamination and decontamination of well waters in Ontario, Canada, 1969-78.

OVER THE 10-YEAR period 1969-78, the waters of 237 wells were analyzed because of contamination from herbicide spillage in or near the well, complaints of impaired water flavor, or injury to seedling plants moistened with the well water. Herbicides were identified in 159 wells: 98 had a single herbicide, 46 had two, 12 had three, one had four, and another had five separate herbicides contributing to the contamination. Wells were grouped according to the mode of entry of the contaminant. Entry occurred most commonly as an aerial spray fdrift or in runoff. Serious contaminations were caused by spillage of herbicide concentrates and spray solutions in or around the well. Twenty-four of the contaminated wells were further investigated to determine the persistence of the contaminant and how to remove it. Some wells were decontaminated adequately to allow reuse within nine weeks, others required three years, and yet others had to be abandoned. Particularly persistent contaminants were amitrole, dinoseb, and picloram.

Herbicides↗
PubMed1976

Analysis of pesticide residues by chemical derivatization. II. N-methylcarbamates in natural water and soils.

A method for the quantitative determination of several N-methylcarbamates in natural waters and the applicability of the derivative to soil samples using a previously published extraction procedure are described. After extraction of the carbamates from the substrate, the carbamates are hydrolyzed in a 10% methanol-potassium hydroxide solution to form the phenolic hydrolysis products, which are isolated and derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) bromide to produce the PFB ether derivatives. The PFB derivatives are cleaned up and fractionated on a silica gel microcolumn and determined by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Eight organophosphate pesticides and 2 phthalate acid esters that hydrolyze to phenols or phthalic acid were evaluated as potential interferences and were found not to interfere with any of the carbamates tested. Quantitative determinations of 0.1 mug carbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran and 0.5 mug carbaryl, metmercapturon, and Mobam in a 1 L water sample are possible. Propoxur was not determined at levels less than 1 mug/L due to the short GLC retention time of the derivative and interferences from the reagents at the lower levels.

Carbamates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monitoring Ontario-grown apples for pest control chemicals used in their production, 1978-86.

Between 1978 and 1986, 305 samples of apples were monitored for the residues of a wide range of pesticides used in their production. Three (1%) contained residues above the maximum residue limits (MRL) permitted under the Canadian Food and Drug Act and regulations; two involved phosalone at 5.9 and 6.2 mg/kg respectively and one involved diphenylamine at 6.7 mg/kg when the MRL was 5.0 mg/kg for both compounds. Low residues of dicofol, endosulfan, phosalone, phosmet, captan, daminozide and diphenylamine were frequently found; however they were well below the MRLs. These residue levels were correlated with survey data on the areas of the apple crop treated with specific pesticides. Residues of carbaryl, diazinon, ethion, azinophosmethyl, parathion, and dithiocarbamate fungicides were found occasionally; all were well below the MRLs and correlated with the pattern of use. No residues of PCB were found to a limit of detection of 0.01 mg/kg.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residues of insecticides and fungicides on Ontario-grown vegetables, 1986-1988.

Between 1986 and 1988, 433 composite vegetable samples representing 16 commodities were collected from farm deliveries to the marketplace in Ontario, Canada. All samples were analysed for insecticides and fungicides. The analyses included organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid, and N-methylcarbamate insecticides and dithiocarbamate, dicarboximide, and organochlorine fungicides. The commodities tested included asparagus, beans, carrots, celery, cole crops, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, peppers, potatoes, radishes, rutabagas and tomatoes. In 64% of samples, no pesticide residues were identified to the limits of detection which ranged from 0.005 to 0.05 mg/kg. A further 22% had combined insecticide and fungicide residues below 0.1 mg/kg. Most of the positive findings were a fraction of the Maximum Residue Limit permitted for each commodity under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act and Regulation. Three samples (0.7%) had residues that exceeded the MRL. These involved diazinon and parathion on celery and chlorothalonil on peppers. While some commodities had no detectable residues others had measurable residues of up to three separate pesticides. The most were found on celery, lettuce and field tomatoes.

Food Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residues of insecticides, and fungicides in fruit produced in Ontario, Canada, 1986-1988.

Between 1986 and 1988, 306 composite samples of fruit representing eight commodities were collected from farm deliveries to the marketplace in Ontario, Canada. All samples were analysed for insecticides and fungicides. The analysis procedure included tests for organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and methylcarbamate insecticides and dithiocarbamate, dicarboximide and organochlorine fungicides. The commodities tested included apples, blueberries, cherries, grapes, peaches, pears, raspberries and strawberries. In 14% of all fruit samples, pesticide residues were below the detection limits, which ranged between 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg. A further 14% had total combined pesticide residues below 0.1 mg/kg. Total combined fungicide and insecticide residues ranged from 0.1 to 11 mg/kg in 72% of samples. Six different pesticides were in violation of maximum residue limits (MRL) on 11 (3.6%) of fruit samples. Captan exceeded the 5 mg/kg MRL in five samples and EBDC exceeded the 7 mg/kg MRL in two. Other violations included single fruit samples with dicofol, endosulphan, phosalone and iprodione above the MRL. Raw grapes harvested for wine contained residues of 10 pesticides and the number changed little following the crushing of the grapes; however, fermentation into wine significantly reduced residues. Six insecticides and four fungicides were present on the raw grapes and 4/105 were above the MRL. Following crushing, four insecticides and five fungicides were identified and 4/40 were above the MRL. In wine only three insecticides were identified and all were well below the MRL. Carbaryl appeared to be the most persistent, declining very little between raw grapes and wine.

Food Contamination↗