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Biomedical subjects

B D Reed

Publications and source records attributed to B D Reed.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Compliance with acute otitis media treatment.

A total of 295 patients at four offices were studied to determine whether the type of medical office or population serviced, written instructions given to the patient, or patient familiarity with the prescribing physician influenced compliance with a 10-day course of antibiotics prescribed for acute otitis media. The relationship between compliance with the recommended treatment and outcome was subsequently determined. The study population included all patients with a new case of acute otitis media who presented to any of four different types of family practice centers involved in the study. Results indicated that compliance, as measured by follow-up rates in less than 11 days and urine antibiotic assays, varied significantly between different office types and patient populations. Written instructions did not improve compliance. In the low socioeconomic group, compliance was improved when the patients were diagnosed and treated by their own physicians. Neither the study factors nor compliance was related to outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Screening for gestational diabetes--analysis by screening criteria.

A previously studied glucose screening test for gestational diabetes was evaluated by six screening test criteria for appropriateness and cost effectiveness as a widespread screening tool. The test consisted of a serum glucose level in a pregnant patient one hour after 50 g of a glucose solution was ingested. Determination was made of price per case detected and of the number of cases missed when using this test or the oral glucose tolerance test on all prenatal patients or on a selected subset of patients. Screening all pregnant patients aged over 25 years for gestational diabetes with the one-hour glucose screening test is recommended. The need for further evaluation of the sensitivity of this screening test is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual behaviors and other risk factors for Candida vulvovaginitis.

Sexual behaviors are associated with many genital infections, but the role of sexual variables as risk factors for Candida vulvovaginitis has not been clearly determined. To assess the association between sexual behaviors and other risk factors with the presence of Candida vulvovaginitis, we performed a case-control study comparing these potential risk factors in women with and without culture-documented Candida vulvovaginitis in two Midwestern community-based medical offices. Participants included 156 women with Candida vulvovaginitis and 92 controls, ages 18-60. Risk factors for Candida vulvovaginitis, including sexual and partnership behaviors, demographic data, past genital infections, exposures, and diet, were investigated using logistic regression. The presence of Candida vulvovaginitis was positively associated with recent cunnilingus (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22 for five times a month compared with no times, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36, 3.84), but was less likely in women who masturbated with saliva in the previous month (OR = 0.30 if masturbated five times vs. no times, 95% CI 0.09, 0.99). Other independent risk factors included knowing the sexual partner a shorter period of time (OR = 1.56 for 1 year vs. 5 years, 95% CI 1.16, 2.13) and lower milk ingestion (OR = 3.57 for no servings vs. two servings per day, 95% CI 2.00, 6.67). Increased number of sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, and increased frequency of intercourse are not related to risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the identification of Candida species in vaginal discharge.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Candida vulvovaginitis using historical symptoms, pelvic examination findings, and results of traditional in-office laboratory tests is often inaccurate. Although Candida cultures can verify the diagnosis, they are not routinely used. METHODS: We prospectively compared the accuracy of a commercially available, in-office, rapid, latex agglutination test (CandidaSure) for the identification of Candida species with results from Candida culture. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the latex agglutination test was 66 percent and the specificity was 63 percent when compared with Candida culture results in patients with vaginal symptoms. When compared with a microscopic evaluation using potassium hydroxide (KOH), the CandidaSure test had greater sensitivity but a lower specificity. In 74 percent of cases with a positive KOH preparation, yeast forms were present on culture, and little was gained by adding the CandidaSure test in this situation. The addition of the CandidaSure test in those cases with a negative KOH preparation resulted in increased sensitivity but also increased the number of false-positive diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: The CandidaSure test has greater sensitivity than the KOH preparation, but it is less predictive of a positive culture. Because of this limitation, Candida should be documented by culture for any patient who has recurrent or persistent disease and a negative KOH slide.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physicians and exercise promotion.

Regular exercise has been associated with numerous health benefits. In response, the promotion of regular exercise for patients has become a recommended component of preventive health care. The extent to which primary care physicians encourage their patients to exercise and the factors associated with exercise promotion are not well elucidated. We surveyed the attitudes and practices of 63 family physicians and 63 internists regarding exercise promotion to patients. We evaluated the associations between demography, cognition, belief, and behavior with exercise promotion. Several factors were associated with physicians' recommending exercise to their patients. A logistic regression model suggests that physicians who have a follow-up plan, who have been in practice over 10 years, who exercise themselves, and who estimate that more than 10% of their patients exercise encourage exercise in greater than or equal to 50% of their patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Household smoking exposure--association with middle ear effusions.

Middle ear effusions are associated with hearing impairments which may result in abnormalities or lags in children's hearing, speech, and cognition. Treatment rather than prevention of this problem has previously been emphasized in the medical literature. While the risks of passive smoking on various aspects of health are now becoming accepted, little is known about the effect of smoke exposure on the middle ears of children. We evaluated the association between middle ear effusions and household smoke exposure in children seen in an outpatient office. A dose-response relationship was found between increasing household smoke exposure and the prevalence of middle ear effusions as indicated by abnormal tympanograms. An attempt to minimize smoke exposure via patient education may be one of the few means health care professionals have to effect primary prevention of this potentially morbid disease.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗