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Biomedical subjects

B D Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to B D Goldstein.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The relation between respiratory illness in primary schoolchildren and the use of gas for cooking--II. Factors affecting nitrogen dioxide levels in the home.

The study was designed to determine whether there was an association between indoor levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respiratory illness and lung function in schoolchildren. NO2 was measured for one week in the winter outside and inside the homes of children aged 6-7 years living and attending primary schools in a defined 4 square km area in Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK. Outdoor levels of NO2 measured at 75 points within the area ranged from 14-24 ppb weekly average. Measurements were also made in 428 kitchens with gas cookers, range 5-317 ppb, mean 112.2 ppb, and in 87 kitchens with electric cookers, range 6-188 ppb, mean 18.0 ppb. In a random subsample of homes the range of NO2 levels in 107 children's bedrooms in homes where gas was used for cooking was 4-169 ppb, mean 30.5 ppb, in 18 bedrooms in electric cooking homes the range was 3-37 ppb, mean 13.9 ppb. NO2 levels in the gas cooking kitchens were positively related to the presence of pilot lights, use of gas fires for main heating, number of regular smokers, and the number of people in the home. Information from 29 homes with the highest kitchen NO2 levels paired with 29 low NO2 gas cooking homes showed that the daily number of meals eaten and the frequency with which the cooker was used for heating and drying clothes were significantly greater in the high NO2 homes.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1979

The relation between respiratory illness in primary schoolchildren and the use of gas for cooking--III. Nitrogen dioxide, respiratory illness and lung infection.

We examined the relation between lung function and respiratory illness in a population of 808 primary school children aged 6-7 years and the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the kitchens and bedrooms in their homes. Complete data were collected on about 66% of the population. The children lived in a defined 4 square km area in Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK. One week average outdoor levels of NO2 varied little over the area (14-24 ppb); The prevalence of respiratory illness was higher in children from gas than electric cooking homes (p approximately or equal to 0.1). Although prevalence was not related to kitchen NO2 levels (range 5-317 ppb) it increased with increasing levels of NO2 in the children's bedrooms in gas cooking homes (range 4-169 ppb, p approximately or equal to 0.1). Symptoms in siblings and parents were not related to kitchen NO2 levels. Lung function was not related to NO2 levels in the kitchen or bedroom. Because of the very low levels of NO2 at which an association with illness was observed and the inconsistency between our results in the UK and those from several studies in the US, it is possible that the NO2 levels were a proxy for some other factor more directly related to respiratory disease such as temperature or humidity.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1979

Combined exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

A study of rats acutely exposed to ozone (0.5--2.0 ppm) or nitrogen dioxide (2--20 ppm) for 2 hr and sacrificed immediately thereafter shows little similarity in the individual biochemical effects of these pollutants. No evidence of nitrogen dioxide-induced lipid peroxidation was observed. Of interest is the finding that inhalation of nitrogen dioxide increases the extent to which concanavalin A agglutinates alveolar macrophages while ozone has exactly the opposite effect.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1979

Health effects of the gas-aerosol complex. Report to Special Committee on Health and Ecological Effects of Increased Coal Utilization.

Combustion products derived from the burning of coal are definitely capable of producing adverse human health effects. No single component of the combustion product mixture is solely responsible. Rather, effects are due to a group of compounds, both gases and aerosols, in the effluents of stationary source combustion processes. Although incompletely defined, the individual components of the gas-aerosol complex appear to be capable of interacting both in terms of atmospheric chemistry and health effects. The three primary air quality standards pertinent to regulating coal combustion all represent to some extent indirect, although reasonable, measures of this gas-aerosol complex. As a group, these standards appear to be adequate to protect human health. Conventional toxicological considerations suggest that the adverse health effects of any necessary increase in coal combustion effluents would be greatest per unit of coal in those areas which are most heavily populated and have the highest preexisting levels of the gas-aerosol complex. In order to decrease the degree of uncertainty for future decisions of this type, it is important that prospective epidemiological and air monitoring studies be initiated in conjunction with any large scale introduction of coal use.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

Relation of fluorescence in lipid-containing red cell membrane extracts to in vivo lipid peroxidation.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the abnormal fluorescent peak consistent with the crosslinking of red cell membrane constituents by the lipid-peroxide decomposition product MDA is demonstrable in lipid-containing extracts of red cells obtained from patients treated with the oxidizing hemolytic agent diaminodiphenylsulfone. The present studies were primarily aimed at ascertaining the specificity of this fluorescence as an indicator of in vivo red cell lipid peroxidation. Repetitive injection of phenylhydrazine or acetylphenylhydrazine in rats resulted in gradually increasing levels of fluorescence despite the return in hematocrit toward normal. Chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 of lipid-containing extracts obtained from the red cells of rats and rabbits treated with phenylhydrazine revealed fluorescent peaks similar to those observed in red cell lipid incubated with MDA. In addition, increased levels of fluorescence were observed in the extracts of red cells obtained from three vitamin E--deficient premature infants. These findings suggest that the fluorescence assay is a sensitive indicator of in vivo red cell lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hematotoxicity of inhaled benzene to Sprague-Dawley rats and AKR mice at 300 ppm.

Sprague-Dawley rats and AKR/J mice were exposed to 300 ppm benzene vapor for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for life. Rats exhibited lymphocytopenia, mild anemia, and moderately decreased survival. Mice showed severe lymphocytopenia and anemia accompanied by granulocytosis and reticulocytosis. Treated mice also showed significantly decreased survival and weight gain. No indications of a leukemic or preleukemic response were observed in either species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Production paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-like red blood cells by tea.

Normal human red cells incubated with saline extracts of tea develop paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-like defects as demonstrated by positive acid and sucrose hemolysis tests. All of a variety of tea preparations tested provoked a sensitivity to complement-dependent hemolysis and, with one exception, a moderate decrease in red cell acetylcholinesterase activity. Complement-dependent hemolysis in teaincubated red cells was inhibited by antisera to C3 and C3 activator, but not by antisera to C4. This suggests that incubation with tea may alter the red cell membrane in a way that specifically potentiates the lytic effects of the alternate pathway of complement, but not the classic pathway. Leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, also prevented complement-dependent hemolysis of red cells incubated with tea. Although the clinical consequences of these observations are unknown, the study was initiated following a report of a young male who had developed an acute limited intravascular hemolytic episode following ingestion of large quantities of a herbal tea.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1977

An extraction method for determination of benzene in tissue by gas chromatography.

An extraction procedure has been developed for the determination of benzene by gas chromatography in tissues following inhalation. Results are reproducible using very small quanities of sample (0.05 g for tissue and 0.02 ml for blood). The procedure has been applied to the analysis of blood and tissue of A.K.R. mice following a single exposure to levels similar to those that may be found in industrial hygiene atmospheres.

Animals↗