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Biomedical subjects

B D Gold

Publications and source records attributed to B D Gold.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum.

Helicobacter pylori, the etiologic agent of chronic-active gastritis and duodenal ulcers in humans, and Helicobacter mustelae, a gastric pathogen in ferrets, bind to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a constituent of host gastric mucosal cells, and to gangliotetraosylceramide (Gg4) and gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3). The effect of a bovine colostrum concentrate (BCC) on the interaction of H. pylori and H. mustelae to their lipid receptors was examined. BCC blocked attachment of both species to Gg4, Gg3, and PE. Partial inhibition of binding was observed with native bovine and human colostra. BCC lacked detectable antibodies (by immunoblotting) to H. pylori surface proteins (adhesins). However, colostral lipid extracts contained PE and lyso-PE that bound H. pylori in vitro. These results indicate that colostrum can block the binding of Helicobacter species to select lipids and that binding inhibition is conferred, in part, by colostral PE or PE derivatives. Colostral lipids may modulate the interaction of H. pylori and other adhesin-expressing pathogens with their target tissues.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Use caution with serologic testing for Helicobacter pylori infection in children.

Commercial serologic assays accurately detect adult Helicobacter pylori infection. Their use in children remains controversial. An ELISA to detect H. pylori IgG in children was developed and compared with three commercial assays. ELISA standardization was done with sera from all ages and validation was done with another cohort of sera with known H. pylori status. Three commercial serologic assays were subsequently compared against this pediatric ELISA at independent sites, at which 142 pediatric serum samples from different countries were evaluated. The pediatric ELISA was 91.4% sensitive. Assay 3 demonstrated a sensitivity of 78%. Less sensitivity was observed for assay 1 (70%) and assay 2 (63%). Accuracy of commercial assays was greatly reduced when sera from developing countries and younger ages were evaluated. Results of serologic tests used to diagnose H. pylori should be interpreted with caution when evaluating children with abdominal pain. Accurate serologic assays in children may be more important for epidemiologic research than for clinical decision making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Pervasive occult gastrointestinal bleeding in an Alaska native population with prevalent iron deficiency. Role of Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm prevalent iron deficiency among Yupik Eskimos living in Alaska and to explore the frequency of and potential lesions accounting for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. DESIGN: Descriptive survey. SETTING: Rural Arctic community. SUBJECTS: A total of 140 adult volunteers from 3 villages in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of western Alaska. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily iron intake, hematologic and biochemical indexes of iron status, fecal hemoglobin levels, stool parasites, and endoscopic findings. RESULTS: While dietary iron intake by Yupiks was similar to that of a reference population, iron deficiency prevalence was increased 13-fold in Yupik men and 4-fold in Yupik women. Fecal hemoglobin levels were elevated in 90% of subjects contrasted with only 4% of a reference group; median levels were 5.9 and 0.5 mg of hemoglobin per gram of stool, respectively. Among 70 Yupik subjects with elevated fecal hemoglobin levels who had endoscopy performed, 68 (97%) had an abnormal gastric appearance consisting of erythema, mucosal thickening, diffuse mucosal hemorrhages, erosions, or ulcerations. Gastric biopsies revealed chronic active gastritis with associated Helicobacter pylori in 68 (99%) of 69. No other hemorrhagic gastrointestinal disease was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study sample, occult gastrointestinal bleeding appears to be pervasive in the Yupik population and likely underlies the prevalent iron deficiency. An atypical hemorrhagic gastritis associated with H pylori infection is present almost universally and may represent the bleeding source.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Helicobacter pylori acquisition in infancy after decline of maternal passive immunity.

We evaluated the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection and the host immune response in 80 infants, and determined seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in their Taiwanese mothers. Decline in passively transferred maternal anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies and subsequent H. pylori infection was assessed in infants over 14 mo. A sensitive and specific, 96-well microtiter ELISA for the detection of H. pylori IgG antibodies was used to evaluate maternal serum (single specimen) and their infants (birth, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 14 mo). Sera were also evaluated by ELISA for the presence of anti-H. pylori IgM antibodies in the infants. Maternal H. pylori IgG seroprevalence was 62.5% [50/80; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 51-73%]. All infants born to the 50 seropositive mothers passively acquired maternal H. pylori IgG. Transplacentally transferred maternal anti-H. pylori IgG lasted until about the 3rd mo of life, and disappeared in nearly all the infants by 6 mo of age. Seven and one-half percent of infants (6/80; 95% CI, 3-16%) acquired H. pylori infection; two were born to H. pylori-negative mothers. Among the six IgG seropositive infants, an IgM response specific for H. pylori antigens was detected and appeared to precede the rise in IgG in five. We conclude that maternal passive transfer of IgG antibodies occurs in the infant and disappears by 6 mo of age. H. pylori infection is acquired in infancy in this population; IgM antibodies against H. pylori are detectable, seem short-lived, and appear to precede IgG antibody development.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1996

Surface properties of Helicobacter mustelae and ferret gastrointestinal mucosa.

Helicobacter mustelae is a gastric pathogen in ferrets that adheres to epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the authors examine the role of surface hydrophobic properties in the adhesion of these organisms to eukaryotic cell surfaces. The surface properties of six H. mustelae strains were characterized by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), salt aggregation testing (SAT) and contact-angle measurement by axisymmetric drop-shape analysis (ADSA). Contact angles in multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract, obtained from infected and uninfected ferrets, were also measured. The cell surface of H. mustelae was found to be hydrophilic by SAT but relatively hydrophobic by HIC. Contact-angle measurements for H.mustelae (mean 22.5 degrees, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3 degrees to 35.7 degrees) were higher than values previously reported for Helicobacter pylori (mean 12.1 degrees, 95% CI 2.0 degrees to 22.2 degrees, p < 0.05). The body of the stomach was more hydrophilic in infected ferrets (mean contact angle 59.9 degrees, 95% CI 52.5 degrees to 67.3 degrees) than in uninfected animals (mean contact angle 94.2 degrees, 95% CI 84.4 degrees to 104.0 degrees, p < 0.05). Reductions in the surface hydrophobicity of the ferrets' stomachs were correlated with the degree of mucosal inflammation (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that H. mustelae has surface properties comparable to those of H. pylori strains. Like the human stomach infected by H. pylori, there is a reduction in surface hydrophobicity of the ferret antrum associated with H. mustelae infection and the resulting mucosal inflammatory cell response.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of Helicobacter mustelae and Helicobacter pylori adhesion to eukaryotic cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces is an important pathogenic mechanism for Helicobacter-induced gastritis. The aims of this study were to compare binding of selected Helicobacter mustelae and Helicobacter pylori strains to lipids extracted from HEp-2, Chinese hamster ovary, human embryonic lung cells, and ferret gastrointestinal tissues as well as to intact tissue culture cells and to analyze the fatty acids of the receptor. METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography overlay binding and a receptor-based immunoassay detected adhesion of bacteria to commercial lipids and to individual species within the lipid extracts. H. mustelae binding to tissue culture cells was performed by whole cell bacterial adhesion assay. RESULTS: H. mustelae and H. pylori both bound to phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Adhesion of H. mustelae to intact eukaryotic cells correlated with the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine. Binding of helicobacters was greater to lipids derived from ferret antrum compared with colon (P < 0.05). Biochemical analysis suggested that heterogeneity in fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine could influence the degree of Helicobacter binding. CONCLUSIONS: Adhesion of Helicobacter strains correlates with the quantity of phosphatidylethanolamine present in the epithelial cell and with the differences in the fatty acid profile of the lipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Superior orbital fissure syndrome. Secondary to infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus.

Superior orbital fissure syndrome is a rare condition that presents itself as gross and persistent edema of the periorbital tissues, proptosis, subconjunctival ecchymosis, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, dilation of the pupil, absence of direct light reflex and presence of consensual light reflex. The corneal reflex is lost, sensation is diminished over the forehead, and it is possible that the dimensions of the superior orbital fissure are reduced. Infection, however, is not often reported as the etiology. The case presented here describes an unusual occurrence of superior orbital fissure syndrome secondary to an infected dentigerous cyst of the maxillary sinus and its management.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1993

Helicobacter mustelae and Helicobacter pylori bind to common lipid receptors in vitro.

Helicobacter pylori is a recently recognized human pathogen causing chronic-active gastritis in association with duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Helicobacter mustelae is a closely related bacterium with similar biochemical and morphologic characteristics. H. mustelae infection of antral and fundic mucosa in adult ferrets causes chronic gastritis. An essential virulence property of both Helicobacter species is bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine whether H. mustelae binds to the same lipids shown previously to be receptors for H. pylori adhesion in vitro. By using thin-layer chromatography overlay and a receptor-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, H. mustelae was found to bind the same receptor lipids as H. pylori, namely, phosphatidylethanolamine and gangliotetraosylceramide. In addition, both H. pylori and H. mustelae bound to a deacylplasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast to H. pylori, H. mustelae binding to receptors was unaffected by motility or viability. Murine monoclonal and bovine polyclonal antibodies against exoenzyme S, and exoenzyme S itself (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), inhibited binding of H. mustelae to phosphatidylethanolamine and gangliotetraosylceramide. These findings show that H. mustelae binds in vitro to the same lipid receptors as H. pylori and suggest that the adhesion of H. mustelae to such species is mediated by preformed, surface-exposed adhesins which include an exoenzyme S-like protein.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1992

Gastrointestinal complications of gastrocystoplasty.

The cases are reported of five children with chronic renal failure who underwent gastrocystoplasty for a variety of urological disorders. Gastrocystoplasty comprises the transplantation of a vascularised segment of stomach to the bladder to form an augmented neobladder. The patients had gastrointestinal complications after the operation, including considerable weight loss in all five patients, accompanied by marked failure to thrive in four of the five patients, and food aversion, feeding intolerance, dumping syndrome, delayed gastric emptying, and oesophagitis in two patients. Three of the five patients developed severe abdominal pain and haemorrhagic cystitis secondary to gastric acid secretion in the neobladder from the transplanted gastric pedicle. Nutritional and pharmacological interventions were used to manage the gastrointestinal problems. Explanations are offered for the pathophysiology of the observed complications of gastrocystoplasty. It is believed that the use of this procedure in infants and children, particularly those with chronic renal failure and uraemia, warrants caution until successful long term follow up and experience with this procedure have been reported.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1991

Carotid cavernous fistula after minimal facial trauma. Report of a case.

The carotid cavernous fistula has historically been associated with extensive facial trauma as a result of direct or indirect forces. Most fistulas of traumatic origin develop as a result of a fracture through the base of the skull, which produces a force causing laceration of the internal carotid artery in the region where it approximates the cavernous sinus. We report a case in which apparently minimal head trauma resulted in the development of a carotid cavernous fistula. The rather innocuous presentation of this complication requires particular attention by the caregiver in assessing the patient sustaining maxillofacial trauma.

Abducens Nerve Injury↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional manipulation in the management of dumping syndrome.

Two children with Nissen's fundoplication and either gastrocystoplasty or pyloroplasty developed dumping syndrome. Correction of their blood glucose abnormalities, resolution of symptoms, and weight gain were effectively achieved by addition of fats and uncooked corn starch (50 g/l) to their feeds.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

Unremitting pain to the mandible secondary to metastatic breast cancer: a case report.

The most common site of distant primary tumor metastasis to the jaw bones is the breast. The clinical signs and symptoms, and radiographic appearance of these lesions can be extremely variable. Histologic examination, however, will usually resemble the tissue from the primary tumor. In the case presented, the biopsy specimen was consistent with adenocarcinoma of the breast.

Adenocarcinoma↗