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Biomedical subjects

B Czernobilsky

Publications and source records attributed to B Czernobilsky.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Differentiation potential of ovarian dysgerminoma: an immunohistochemical study of 15 cases.

An immunohistochemical study of 15 ovarian formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded dysgerminomas showed positive staining of tumor cells for vimentin in all cases. Ten dysgerminomas stained for cytokeratin 18. Desmin positivity of single tumor cells was detected in four dysgerminomas. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was present in two tumors. Prominent human beta chorionic gonadotropin staining was seen in one tumor. S-100 protein was found in two and carcinoembryonic antigen in one of the dysgerminomas. Placental alkaline phosphatase was present in 12 of the 15 tumors studied. The heterogeneity of the cytoskeletal profile and of other markers showed some similarities to our previously published results on testicular seminomas. Thus, in contrast to previous concepts, dysgerminoma, as is the case with its testicular counterpart the seminoma, appears to be capable of further differentiation, albeit at a primitive level. Our observations also may help to elucidate the relationship between dysgerminoma and other nondysgerminomatous ovarian germ cell tumors, and may be of help in the differential diagnosis with poorly differentiated carcinoma, ovarian lymphoma, or other germ cell tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Pathology of lymphoid organs in low birth weight infants subjected to antigen-related diseases: a morphological and morphometric study.

The pathology of lymphoid organs in 38 low birth weight (LBW) human infants has been evaluated by morphological and morphometric features. The gestational ages of infants ranged from 22 to 32 wks and their age at death varied from 1 hr to 153 days post partum. Infants were divided into 3 groups: 1) without antigenic effects, 2) with mild (bronchopneumonia), and 3) with severe antigenic effects, mainly sepsis. In mildly affected LBW infants, the fetal type of the immune reaction was found. It continued during the period studied (till 5 mths) and was manifested in the reaction of macrophages and the transformation of lymphocytes to lymphoblasts. Reactive centres of follicles and mature plasmocytes were not found. During the first months of postnatal development, an increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs and in the rate of proliferation of reticular epithelium and a decrease in the area of the cortex in the thymus were found in all infants. In severely affected infants, the number and the size of follicles in the spleen decreased significantly and the total number of cells decreased more than 3 times. Similar changes were found in lymph nodes. These changes as well as the weak reaction of the thymus are the main features of the insufficiency and fast devastation of the lymphoid system. A compensatory increase in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils in the red pulp of the spleen and lymph nodes was found after the second week.

Bronchopneumonia↗
PubMed1995

Carcinoma of the clitoris: a histologic study with cytokeratin profile.

A carcinoma of the clitoris showed a variety of histologic features not usually encountered in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. In addition to poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, there were large areas showing a transitional cell carcinoma pattern, as well as foci of spindle and anaplastic cells. The clitoral neoplasm also differed in its cytokeratin (CK) profile from that described in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, especially with regard to the widespread staining for CK 18 and 19 in the former. Thus, our study suggests that some carcinomas of the clitoris differ from those of ordinary squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva. More cases should be studied using immunohistochemical methods in order to establish the full histopathologic and CK range of the former.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Current concepts in management of epithelial ovarian tumors of low malignant potential.

Approximately 15 percent of epithelial ovarian tumors are tumors of LMP. Epithelial stratification, cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and abscence of ovarian stromal invasion set the histopathological criteria for diagnosis. Serous and mucinous tumors of LMP represent 80 to 95% of all cases. These tumors occur in patients at a younger age than those with invasive cancer and many times in fertile women who have not accomplished their family planning yet. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential carry a favorable prognosis in comparison to invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. The recurrence rate after surgery for these tumors ranges from 10 percent to 30 percent, occurring as late as 10 or more years after presentation. The majority of patients (80-92 percent) with ovarian tumors of LMP present with stage I disease. Peritoneal implants display a range of histologic appearances, ranging from benign glands to those with features of invasive disease. Tumor markers such as CA-125 are not as useful in tumors of LMP as in invasive ovarian carcinoma. Elevated CA-125 are found only in patients with advanced serous tumors of LMP; thus, other markers such as transvaginal Doppler measurements of vascular resistant index has been suggested for possible differentiation between a benign and LMP ovarian tumors before surgery. Primary conservative surgery consisting of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is considered to be an appropriate treatment for young women with stage Ia ovarian tumors of LMP who wish to retain their fertility potential. Up to 70 percent of women who underwent conservative surgery subsequently conceive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1994

Epidermoid cyst of the spleen: a cytokeratin profile with comparison to other squamous epithelia.

The stratified squamous epithelium of a splenic epidermoid cyst was studied with a battery of monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) proteins. CKs 10 and 11 were found in the suprabasal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium, while staining for CK 13 was focal or diffuse throughout. CKs 18 and 19 decorated individual squamous cells or stained the entire thickness of the epithelium. These results were compared with those previously obtained by us in stratified squamous epithelia of ovarian mature cystic teratoma, fetal epidermis, adult epidermis and squamous metaplasia in a peritoneal cyst. From these comparisons it emerges that the epidermoid splenic cyst is either of teratomatous derivation or originates from inclusion of fetal squamous epithelium. Squamous metaplasia of mesothelium or inclusions of mature squamous epithelium appears to be an unlikely source of origin of these cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Alpha-smooth muscle actin and other stromal markers in endometrial mucosa.

Stromal-epithelial interactions as expressed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin and tenascin were studied in normal and pathological endometrial mucosa. There was complete or incomplete cuffing of scattered endometrial glands by alpha-SM actin mostly in the basal layer of endometrial mucosa and in dilated or cystic glands. Individual adenocarcinomatous glands were not encircled by alpha-SM actin-positive cells. Collagen type IV and laminin were found surrounding all glands irrespective of the presence of periglandular alpha-SM actin. Fibronectin was diffusely present in the stroma. Tenascin was identified, albeit not exclusively, in a periglandular location similar to that of alpha-SM actin. We conclude that the periglandular cells staining for alpha-SM actin, which were negative for cytokeratins, are probably myofibroblasts (MFs). Since this phenomenon was most commonly observed in dilated and cystic glands, we suggest that stromal cells immediately surrounding these glands may be subjected to mechanical or other stress resulting, as in other situations of tissue remodelling, in the development of MFs. This may also explain the appearance of tenascin in the same location. Thus, our finding may represent a further example of the local modulation of stromal cell phenotype, possibly under the action of micro-environmental factors.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

Intermediate filaments in ovarian tumors.

The availability in recent years of an ever increasing number of monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filaments which react with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by the immunoperoxidase method, makes it possible to apply this technique in most surgical pathology laboratories. In addition to representing a major diagnostic tool that is often indispensable in the differential diagnosis, intermediate filaments typing of complex ovarian neoplasms has also shed some light on the histogenesis and differentiation potential of ovarian tumors.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Endometrial morphology and hormonal profiles in in vitro fertilization patients.

Endometrial biopsy was performed in 27 infertile women participating in the IVF program. Their mean age was 31.8 years, 33% of the women being over 35 years old. The average duration of infertility was 6.9 years. The superovulation protocol consisted of hMG/hCG in 5 cases, of combined GnRH analog/gonadotropin therapy in 20 women, and 2 patients received combined contraceptive pill/gonadotropin treatment. Judging by hormonal profiles, follicular growth rate and number of oocytes retrieved, the response to stimulation was normal. The mean estradiol (E2) levels increased from 132.7 pg/ml on day -5 (SEM = 9.67) to 1272 pg/ml (SEM = 103.7) on the day of hCG administration and to 1813 pg/ml (SEM = 209.6) 1 day later. One day before the hCG application, the mean progesterone and LH levels were 1.34 ng/ml and 8.38 IU/ml, respectively. Only one patient had clinical hyperstimulation syndrome. Ova were harvested in all women, the mean number of oocytes being 7.7 (SEM = 0.83) per patient. In all 27 cases lack of fertilization or faulty ovum cleavage were observed. Thus, an endometrial biopsy (EB) was performed 72 h after oocytes retrieval. The mean estrogen and progesterone levels on the EB day were 610.9 pg/ml (SEM = 78.44) and 45.4 ng/ml (SEM = 7.53), respectively. Histologic examination of the endometrium showed normal secretory endometrium consistent with day 16-17 of spontaneous ovulatory cycle. Two women who received combined contraceptive pills/gonadotropin therapy showed inactive endometrium with subnuclear vacuoles and decidual reaction in the stroma similar to that observed in women on estrogen-progestin birth control medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature.

This is an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two small cell carcinomas of the ovary with a review of the literature. These cases showed a dimorphic population of small and large cells sharply demarcated from each other. Cytokeratin 18 and vimentin were mainly expressed in the large tumour cells, some of which also stained for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Periodic-acid-Schiff-positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin-positive hyaline globules were present in one case. Ultrastructural findings included filamentous nucleolonema as well as evidence of smooth muscle differentiation. Some of these observations have not been previously reported. Certain of the above features seem to support a germ cell origin of small cell carcinoma, but they cannot be considered specific for germ cell neoplasms. Thus, small cell carcinoma of the ovary cannot be classified into one of the known categories of ovarian tumours at the present time.

Actins↗
PubMed1992

Cytokeratin polypeptide in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas displaying squamous differentiation.

In the present study we investigated the cytokeratin (CK) polypeptide expression in gastric and colonic adenocarcinomas. A battery of monoclonal anti-cytokeratin-specific antibodies and anti-vimentin were used. While the majority of cases displayed simple epithelial characteristics, in three of 17 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas and in one of 20 cases of colonic adenocarcinomas, CK polypeptides 13 (54 kd) and 16 (48 kd) were occasionally detected. These CK polypeptides, characteristic of squamous nonkeratinizing epithelia, were found in cases in which no evidence of squamous differentiation could be demonstrated by histologic examination. We believe that the presence of these unique CK polypeptides points to the squamous differentiation potential of the tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Cytokeratin polypeptide expression in a cloacogenic carcinoma and in the normal anal canal epithelium.

The aim of the present study was to explore the origin of cloacogenic carcinoma in the anal canal by immunohistochemical methods. We compared cytokeratin polypeptide expression of a cloacogenic carcinoma to normal and epithelia, to anal squamous cell carcinoma and to basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, using a battery of monoclonal anti-cytokeratin, polypeptide-specific antibodies. Our results indicate that cloacogenic carcinoma expresses cytokeratin polypeptides similar to those of the basal layer of anal squamous epithelium, of the anal transitional zone epithelium and of a layer of basal cells in the anal glands. Thus we concluded that each of the above cell types may be the cell of origin of cloacogenic carcinoma.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1991

Complexity of expression of intermediate filament proteins, including glial filament protein, in endometrial and ovarian adenocarcinomas.

The expression patterns of intermediate filament proteins of primary and metastatic endometrial (n = 18) and ovarian (n = 24) adenocarcinomas were analyzed by immunocytochemistry using a panel of specific antibodies and by gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal preparations, followed by immunoblotting. All cells of all endometrial adenocarcinomas studied contained the "simple epithelial"-type cytokeratins (CKs) 8, 18, and (mostly) 19, with variable numbers of cells also positive for CK 7 and vimentin. In addition, most of these tumors contained individual cells or groups of cells that were positive for the stratification-related CKs 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, and 17. The latter CKs were often associated with squamous cell foci, but were also found in some single (nonsquamous) tumor cells, indicative of early stages of squamous cell differentiation. Ovarian carcinomas of various histologic types and grades contained predominantly CKs 7, 8, 18, and 19. Serous, endometrioid, and anaplastic tumors, but not mucinous and clear cell tumors, also contained minor amounts of stratification-related CKs in variable combinations, mostly including CK 4. In all tumor types except mucinous tumors, vimentin was consistently detected in variable proportions of tumor cells which, however, were rather low in anaplastic carcinomas. Surprisingly, glial filament protein was detected in a minor proportion (< or = 20%) of tumor cells in seven of 14 serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas and in three of 18 endometrial carcinomas. These different intermediate filament expression patterns of müllerian duct-type carcinomas, only partly related to the morphologic appearance of the specific type of tumor, might reflect the multipotentiality of differentiation of müllerian duct-derived epithelia. Cytoskeletal features of potential diagnostic value, especially in metastatic carcinomas, are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Spindle cell mural nodules in cystic ovarian mucinous tumors. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases.

We studied five cystic ovarian mucinous tumors with spindle cell mural nodules to define their histologic and immunohistochemical properties. Three of these mural nodules consisted of carcinomatous nests surrounded by highly pleomorphic polygonal and spindle cells. There were transition zones between the pleomorphic cells and the cell nests. In all three cases, both cell populations coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin, suggesting a diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma. A fourth nodule consisted of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma embedded in prominent, cytologically uniform spindle cells. These cells were histologically distinct from the carcinoma; there were no zones of transition. The carcinoma was strongly positive for cytokeratin but only weakly positive for vimentin; the spindle cells expressed vimentin but not cytokeratin. We diagnosed this lesion as carcinoma with a reactive spindle cell stroma. A fifth mural nodule was composed entirely of interlacing fascicles of uniform spindle cells that were negative for cytokeratin but positive for vimentin, muscle-specific actin, and desmin; these findings support a diagnosis of leiomyoma. Two of the four patients with malignant nodules died of disease; the rest are alive and disease-free after follow-up intervals ranging from 1 to 4 years. This study demonstrates the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing variant forms of spindle cell mural nodules in cystic ovarian mucinous tumors. It further suggests that malignant nodules do not necessarily carry a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Intermediate filament protein profiles of human testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: correlation of cytokeratin synthesis to cell differentiation.

The patterns of cytoskeletal differentiation were studied in 20 testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors by immunohistochemistry, using diverse monoclonal antibodies specific for different intermediate filament (IF) proteins and for desmoplakin. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods on both formalin-fixed and frozen tissues were applied, in some cases together with a gel electrophoretic analysis of IF proteins. The tumors examined included embryonal carcinoma (EC), endodermal sinus tumor (EST), choriocarcinoma and teratoma. Nine of the tumors were composed of only one histological type, the others showed mixed components. Cytokeratins 8 and 18 were identified in all these neoplasms, but their immunostaining was weak in ECs. Cytokeratin 19 was absent or very scarce in ECs, but strongly expressed in ESTs, choriocarcinomas and teratomas, thus allowing the identification of small EST and choriocarcinoma elements in ECs even when they were morphologically not obvious. Occasionally, some cells in ECs and ESTs also stained for cytokeratins 4 and/or 17, indicating potential for epithelial stratification. The majority of the germ cell tumors showed varied amounts of vimentin, often in co-existence with cytokeratins. Neurofilaments were demonstrated in scattered tumor cells in a single case of EST. In the teratomas studied, each type of tissue component present showed the expected IF protein. However, in many germ cell tumors some stromal cells and blood vessels contained, in addition to vimentin and desmin, also cytokeratins 8 and 18. This heterogeneity of the cytoskeletal profile of germ cell tumors is indicative of the varied differentiation potential inherent in these neoplasms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Differentiation↗