Biomedical subjects

B Cushing

Publications and source records attributed to B Cushing.

41 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1978

Wilms' tumor to the heart: clinical and radiographic evaluation.

The clinical and radiographic appearances of four children with cardiac extension of Wilms' tumor and four cases from the literature are described. Four of the eight children were seen for "cardiac problems" and four for "routine" Wilms' tumor. In those "routine" cases, there were no clinical suggestions of inferior vena cava or cardiac extension. Preoperative screening for tumor extension may be crucial. However, because of the rarity of cardiac extension, it would be appropriate to screen patients by noninvasive methods such as gray scale ultrasound of the abdomen, echocardiography, or computed tomography before any invasive procedure is considered.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Police perception of intoxication among injured pedestrians.

To assess police officers' accuracy in perceiving alcohol or drug intoxication of injured pedestrians, blood test results from pedestrians struck by vehicles and admitted to a Level I trauma center for a 3-year period were linked to police reports of the crashes. Police officers were 64.5% sensitive and 99.3% specific in identifying alcohol use in injured pedestrians when blood tests were positive for alcohol, and 2.2% sensitive and 100% specific in identifying other drug use when blood tests were positive for drugs other than alcohol. Those with higher blood ethanol levels were more often correctly assessed to be under the influence. Injury Severity Score and the presence of head injuries had no apparent effect on police assessments. In conclusion, police assessment of substance abuse is extremely specific, but not particularly sensitive. Efforts are needed to improve police evaluations. The effect of increased legal actions on recurrent alcohol and drug-related injuries remains to be seen.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic analysis of childhood endodermal sinus tumors by comparative genomic hybridization.

Childhood endodermal sinus tumors (CEST) are a distinct category of germ cell tumors that involve the testis and extragonadal sites of young children. Recurrent deletions of 1p and 6q have been reported by classic cytogenetic analysis of a small number of cases. Comparative genomic hybridization, a technique that screens the entire genome for genetic abnormalities, is applied to additionally define the genetic changes present in CESTs. Sixteen frozen CESTs (10 testicular, 6 extragonadal) obtained from Pediatric Oncology Group-affiliated institutions or from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network were analyzed. The most common changes were gain of 20q (10 tumors), 1q (6 tumors), 11q and 22 (4 tumors each), and loss of 6q (8 tumors with common deleted region of 6q24-qter), 16q (4 tumors), and 1p (4 tumors). Localized regions of gain were identified at 8q24 (2 tumors both showing c-myc amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization). Gain of 12p, characteristic of adolescent germ cell tumor, was present in one testicular tumor. Comparative genomic hybridization was useful in defining genetic differences between adult and childhood tumors, in determining the common regions deleted on chromosome 6, and in identifying other involved loci to be correlated with clinical parameters in future studies.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rhabdomyosarcoma and benign teratoma.

A case of mediastinal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring with a benign teratoma is reported. In all histologic sections of tumor, the two elements were distinctly separate. This is felt to represent two independently developing tumors that ultimately fused to form a "collision tumor" rather than a sarcoma arising in a benign teratoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic analysis of childhood endodermal sinus tumors: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.

Most adult germ cell tumors have a consistent cytogenetic abnormality, i(12p), and are aneuploid. Many pediatric germ cell tumors are biologically distinct from their adult counterparts, particularly endodermal sinus tumors (ESTs) of young children. We report cytogenetic and ploidy analysis of nine ESTs involving children under 3 years of age (four extragonadal and five testicular). Structural abnormalities were present in seven tumors and were identifiable in six: 5/6 had a structural abnormality of chromosome 1, usually terminal deletion of 1p; 5/6 showed 6q deletion; 3/6 had structural abnormalities of 3p; 2/6 showed abnormalities of chromosome 2. None showed an i(12p) or abnormality of chromosome 12. Ploidy analysis of the tumors correlated with the cytogenetic analysis; in particular, the tumor that was cytogenetically normal showed no aneuploid peaks. To determine if a marker chromosome was derived from chromosome 12 or if karyotypically normal cases included nondividing tumor cells, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using an alpha satellite probe for chromosome 12 was performed. These studies showed no evidence of an i(12p). We conclude that ESTs in young children show cytogenetic differences from their adult counterparts and that loci on 1p, 6q, and 3q need to be further studied.

Child, Preschool↗