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Biomedical subjects

B Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to B Cooper.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Successful treatment with streptokinase of renal vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptive use.

The case of a 25-year-old diabetic female presenting with acute right main renal vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptive usage is described. Rapid diagnosis with ultrasound and resolution of the thrombosis was accomplished with streptokinase. Ultrasound may be the diagnostic test of choice in selected patients with renal vein thrombosis. Streptokinase was an effective therapy in this case of acute renal vein thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Studies of the limited degradation of mucus glycoproteins. The mechanism of the peroxide reaction.

The reaction between ovarian-cyst glycoproteins and H2O2 was investigated in the presence of a number of inhibitors and catalysts. Azide and 2H2O were separately found to have little effect, implying that singlet oxygen was not involved. Superoxide dismutase was destroyed by H2O2, but mannitol had no effect: thus generalized attack by OH., whether originating from HO2.- or more directly, is not indicated. The glycoproteins contained trace quantities of Cu and Fe, amounting to about 2 atoms of metal per glycoprotein molecule. Treatment of the glycoproteins with the strong chelator DETAPAC (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) or Chelex resin eliminated the reaction with H2O2; activity could be restored by addition of Cu2+ or Fe2+ in millimolar quantities. It was concluded that metal-ion catalysis is an essential step in the attack of H2O2 on glycoproteins. Spectroscopic and other evidence showed that Cu2+ (and probably Fe2+) complexes strongly with poly-L-histidine, and implies that the Cu2+ or Fe2+ in the glycoproteins is complexed with some of the histidine residues in the glycosylated backbone. Neither polyhistidine nor polyproline reacted with H2O2 in the absence of metal ions, but small quantities of Cu2+ or Fe3+ caused degradation. This was rapid with polyhistidine, which was converted largely into aspartic acid, but slower with polyproline, where limited conversion into glutamic acid occurs. These findings confirm the original hypothesis that peroxide attack on glycoproteins occurs largely at the histidine residues, with simultaneous peptidolysis. The mechanism most probably involves the liberation of OH. by an oxidation-reduction cycle involving, e.g. Cu+/Cu2+: specificity of attack at histidine is due to the location of the metal at these residues only.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

The effects of administration of ethyl alcohol to mice on megakaryocyte and platelet development.

The effects of administration to laboratory mice of 5-20% ethyl alcohol (v:v) as drinking water on megakaryocyte and platelet development were studied and compared with data on controls given tap water. In two separate experiments, mice given 5-15% ethyl alcohol (v:v) for 13 or 11 weeks showed decreases in platelet counts and platelet 35S uptake when compared to the control groups. Mice fed 5-20% alcohol for five weeks showed platelet counts, bone marrow megakaryocyte numbers and diameters that were significantly reduced to 72% (P less than 0.001), 45% (P less than 0.001), and 71% (P less than 0.01), respectively. The data implied that ethyl alcohol ingestion had a direct inhibitory effect on megakaryocyte and platelet development in mice, which resulted in a marked reduction in the levels of circulating platelets.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1984

Neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in the cat.

Distal polyneuropathy was associated with diabetes mellitus in 7 cats. Clinical signs relative to the neuropathy included a plantigrade stance, depressed patellar reflexes, hindlimb weakness, and poor postural reactions. Electromyography demonstrated reduced conduction velocity in the sciatic and ulnar nerves in 3 cats. A total of 5 cats had abatement of clinical signs following insulin therapy and blood glucose regulation or after resolution of the diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Population screening and the early detection of dementing disorders in old age: a review.

The scope for the early detection of dementing disorders in the elderly by means of screening techniques is reviewed in the light of the basic principles of early disease detection. It is concluded that, while there is an increasingly urgent need for the development and application of psychogeriatric screening methods as a step towards preventive action, such methods are still at an early experimental stage. Prescriptive screening programmes are contra-indicated at present. The most immediate requirement is for evaluative research, which should be planned to take account both of the properties of the screening instruments and of the health-care and social settings in which these are to be applied. No major progress in this field can be expected unless it proves possible to integrate methods of early case-detection, and of systematic surveillance of the at-risk elderly, into the work of primary medical and social services.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The presence of polysaccharide in normal human gastric mucus.

Polysaccharide material was found in the proteolysis glycopolypeptide fraction from normal human gastric mucus. The polysaccharide was identified by carbohydrate and amino acid analyses, by elemental analysis and from its behaviour on density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The polysaccharide is polydisperse with a weight-average molecular mass of 300 000 Da. Over 85% of the polysaccharide consists of galactose, and this represents 26% of all the galactose present in the fractions after beta-elimination with reduction of the glycopolypeptide material.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Remission of acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients with prior refractory dysmyelopoietic anemia.

Refractory dysmyelopoietic anemia (RDA) is a myeloproliferative disorder usually of elderly patients which often evolves into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AML in such patients is usually considered untreatable with standard aggressive chemotherapy in part because these patients are often elderly, but primarily because of the concern that the bone marrow of these patients no longer has a residual stem cell to repopulate the bone marrow following chemotherapy-induced aplasia. The authors treated three patients (ages 72, 69, and 62 years, respectively) with intensive chemotherapy after RDA evolved into AML. Each patient had been pancytopenic for 3 to 15 months prior to their transition to AML. At the onset of therapy for AML, all were severely pancytopenic with greater than 50% myeloblasts in the bone marrow. All patients had bone marrow aplasia by day 14 after chemotherapy with a complete bone marrow remission and normal peripheral counts by day 26. These data suggest that intensive chemotherapy of AML with prior RDA may result in complete bone marrow remission.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Studies of the limited degradation of mucus glycoproteins. The effect of dilute hydrogen peroxide.

1. The action of dilute H2O2 on a series of ovarian-cyst glycoproteins and glycopolypeptides was investigated. 2. Both native glycoproteins and the glycopolypeptides were carbohydrate-rich, of relatively low molecular weight and of simple structure. 3. At pH 5.6 and 37 degrees C, exposure to H2O2 for a limited time brought about a partial degradation, the molecular weight being decreased by 2-4-fold. 4. Carbohydrate analysis showed very little change in the oligosaccharide moiety, apart from a small decrease in sialic acid in some samples. 5. Amino acid analysis showed minor changes in serine, threonine and proline contents, but almost total loss of histidine. Concomitantly, there was a small gain in aspartic acid. 6. Myosin, examined at both pH 5.7 and 6.7, exhibited generally similar behaviour, there being losses of other amino acid residues as well as histidine: the viscosity was decreased to a low value, and a range of peptides of widely varying size was produced. 7. It is suggested that attack on the histidine residue, with partial conversion into aspartic acid, is accompanied by scission of the histidyl peptide bond.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

A case of good management.

This paper reports an incident involving the exposure of eight employees who were handling a strain of Chlamydia in a production process. The report shows how a change of strain can alter the pathogenicity of the organism and how it is important to review handling precautions before any change of strain or procedure is undertaken.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with metastatic adenocarcinoma: response to chemotherapy.

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia developed in two patients with metastatic malignancy, one with primary carcinoma of the colon and the other with ovarian carcinoma. There was no evidence of consumptive coagulopathy except severe thrombocytolysis in one patient. Both patients improved remarkably after chemotherapy. The colonic carcinoma responded to 5-fluorouracil delivered into the hepatic artery, and the ovarian tumor to multiagent systemic therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗