Rheological and syneretic properties of acid gels fortified with whey proteins.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
B Connolly
Publications and source records attributed to B Connolly.
The odontoid synchondrotic slip: an injury unique to young children.
We report seven children (three female, four male) diagnosed with traumatic synchondrotic slip of the odontoid. The clinical records, plain films and CT scans were evaluated retrospectively. The patients ranged in age between 3 and 5 years. Their injuries resulted from a motor vehicle accident in four cases and from a fall from a height in three. The injury was isolated in five; it was associated with a closed head injury in one and with facial and brachial plexus trauma in another. Radiographs showed anterior angulation with or without displacement in all seven cases. Axial CT with sagittal reformation and 3D reconstructions were performed in six cases. This confirmed the synchondrotic slip and, in addition, identified a rotary component to the injury in three cases, with compromise of the canal in two. Other additional injuries were also noted. All cases were treated conservatively and the injuries healed. Only one child had a neurological deficit attributable to her head injury rather than her cervical injury (MR of the cervical cord was normal). The presence of the synchondrosis between the dens and the body of C-2 makes this injury unique to children under 7 years of age; by the age of 7 the synchondrosis has fused.
Child, Preschool↗
Bronchial artery aneurysm in hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome.
A 2-year-old girl presented with a large right middle lobe cavitating lesion, complicated by life-threatening hemoptysis secondary to hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (hyper IgE) syndrome (Job's syndrome). This proved to be a bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm which was successfully embolized.
Aneurysm↗
The echogenic thalamus in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.
This paper reports 16 term infants in whom an echogenic thalamus was identified on cranial ultrasonography. Fourteen of the patients suffered severe birth asphyxia. The prognostic significance of this finding and the underlying pathogenesis is assessed.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
Sonographic evaluation of the abdomen in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
This study evaluates the role of ultrasound in the monitoring of abdominal symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Clinical and radiological records of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms necessitating ultrasound scans were reviewed. Forty-four patients attended The Children's Hospital, Dublin, between August 1989 and December 1992, 15 (34%) of whom had abdominal ultrasound scans. There were 13 boys and two girls, ranging in age from 3.75 to 13.5 years. Abdominal radiographs in 13 patients did not add any significant information. Ultrasound detected thickened bowel wall in all 15 patients (0.4-1.1 cm), free peritoneal fluid in 10, ileus of affected loops in five, and bowel dilatation in eight. Serial ultrasound examinations in 12 patients followed the progress of bowel involvement, with resolution of mural thickening, return of peristalsis, reduction in ascites and bowel dilatation. There were seven intussusceptions in five patients, measuring 2.18-7.4 cm, which were documented as loose in four (i.e. where air or fluid lay between the intussusceptum and the intussuscipiens). Surgery was performed in three patients in the earlier years of the study; serial ultrasound monitoring has enabled a more conservative approach to be adopted in the latter years of the study. We conclude that ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice in evaluating the bowel manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. It provides an easy, noninvasive, objective method of monitoring patient progress. It allows direct visualization of bowel involvement and detection of complications such as intussusception. Routine abdominal radiographs are not recommended, unless perforation is clinically suspected.
Adolescent↗
The new American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care: presented by the Emergency Cardiac Care Subcommittee of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
CPR courses (both basic and advanced) continue to evolve. The recent CPR and ECC guidelines by the AHA consolidate the research and vast experience in one document. These guidelines are helpful to lay people and health care professionals who intervene in cases of cardiac arrest. They are also excellent resources for those involved in coordinating ECC systems in the community.
American Heart Association↗
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition by imidazopyridines: analogues of sulmazole and isomazole as inhibitors of the cGMP specific phosphodiesterase.
The synthesis and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory profile of a series of imidazopyridines, including sulmazole and isomazole, on separated PDE isoenzymes are described. The results show that both sulmazole and isomazole are weak inhibitors of PDE III, and their inotropic activity is unlikely to be due to PDE III inhibition alone. Surprisingly, both compounds were found to be significant inhibitors of the cGMP specific isoenzyme, PDE V, and a series of simple 2-substituted phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridines have been made to investigate the SAR of PDE activity. This has been shown to be sensitive to chain length, polarity, and the nature of the heteroatom linking group. Potent PDE V inhibitors, many of which are also significant inhibitors of PDE IV, have been identified.
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
Effects of co-factor and deoxycytidine substituted oligonucleotides upon sequence-specific interactions between MspI DNA methyltransferase and DNA.
MspI methyltransferase (M.MspI) catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the C-5 position of the outer deoxycytidine base in the DNA sequence 5'-CCGG-3'. Recombinant M.MspI when expressed and purified as a translational fusion with glutathione-S-transferase, shows all of the properties of the wild-type enzyme. We report the kinetic analysis of M.MspI binding to DNA, which suggests a two-stage methylation process, whose initial DNA binding rate is governed by the presence of a positively charged sulphonium centre on the cofactor. Results are also presented that indicate that M.MspI binds preferentially to hemi-methylated DNA and that full methylation of either deoxycytidine on both strands significantly impairs sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions. Furthermore, the importance of the 4-amino group of the inner deoxycytidine for sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions is demonstrated by substituting deoxycytidine with 2-pyrimidinone-1-beta-D-2-deoxyriboside. In addition, we detail the intrinsic structural elements of a cofactor, required to enhance the binding of M.MspI to its recognition sequence, by using S-adenosyl-L-methionine and a range of derivatives.
Base Sequence↗
Congenital duodenal obstruction: an approach to diagnosis.
53 neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction presented to Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children over a consecutive 4-year period. Of these 53, 27 presented with intrinsic obstruction, and 26 with extrinsic obstruction. Diagnostic methods and features resulting in surgically proven diagnoses are discussed.
Barium Sulfate↗
The changing role of surgery in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma.
A retrospective analysis was performed of 56 patients presenting to Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland, over a 25 year period with a diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, in an effort to assess the changing role of surgery in the management of this disease. There were 38 males and 18 females; the age range at presentation was from birth to 13 years with a median of three years. Head and neck tumors occurred most frequently (23) followed by pelvic (14), paratesticular (6), extremities (6), gastrointestinal (4) and thoracic (3). Prior to 1971 there were no survivors while a doubling of survival has been observed within the past decade (31% to 63%). The minimum period of follow-up was four years. Surgical intervention ranged from total primary excision (20) to biopsy only (21) with total or subtotal resection performed electively in 15. Surgical evaluations, including examinations under anesthesia, staging laparotomy and second look laparotomy were also invaluable in assessing disease status. The incorporation of multiagent chemotherapy together with more selective use of radiotherapy has enabled a more conservative role to be adopted by the surgical oncologist thereby minimizing longterm sequelae.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Biological roles of the Escherichia coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins revealed.
In Escherichia coli, the ruvA, ruvB and ruvC gene products are required for genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of DNA damage. New studies suggest that these three proteins function late in recombination and process Holliday junctions made by RecA protein-mediated strand exchange. In vitro, RuvA protein binds a Holliday junction with high affinity and, together with RuvB (an ATPase), promotes ATP-dependent branch migration of the junction leading to the formation of heteroduplex DNA. The third protein, RuvC, which acts independently of RuvA and RuvB, resolves recombination intermediates by specific endonucleolytic cleavage of the Holliday junction.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Resolution of Holliday junctions in vitro requires the Escherichia coli ruvC gene product.
In previous studies, Holliday junctions generated during RecA-mediated strand-exchange reactions were resolved by fractionated Escherichia coli extracts. We now report the specific binding and cleavage of synthetic Holliday junctions (50 base pairs long) by a fraction purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and single-stranded DNA-cellulose. The cleavage reaction provided a sensitive assay with which to screen extracts prepared from recombination/repair-deficient mutants. Cells with mutations in ruvC lack the nuclease activity that cleaves synthetic Holliday junctions in vitro. This deficiency was restored by a multicopy plasmid carrying a ruvC+ gene that overexpressed junction-resolving activity. The UV sensitivity and deficiency in recombinational repair of DNA exhibited by ruv mutants lead us to suggest that RuvC resolves Holliday junctions in vivo.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Genetic recombination in Escherichia coli: Holliday junctions made by RecA protein are resolved by fractionated cell-free extracts.
Escherichia coli RecA protein catalyzes reciprocal strand-exchange reactions between duplex DNA molecules, provided that one contains a single-stranded gap or tail, to form recombination intermediates containing Holliday junctions. Recombination reactions are thought to occur within helical RecA-nucleoprotein filaments in which DNA molecules are interwound. Structures generated in vitro by RecA protein have been used to detect an activity from fractionated E. coli extracts that resolves the intermediates into heteroduplex recombinant products. Resolution occurs by specific endonucleolytic cleavage at the Holliday junction. The products of cleavage are characteristic of patch and splice recombinants.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Localized amyloidosis of seminal vesicles: report of three cases in surgically obtained material.
Localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles (ASV) is reported as an incidental finding in surgical specimens from three elderly men. In two cases, the amyloid deposits were bilateral, subepithelial, and clinically inapparent, features similar to other cases in the literature. In one case, the diagnosis was made on a transrectal prostatic needle biopsy that included a small portion of seminal vesicle; to our knowledge, this has not been previously reported. Electron microscopy in one case demonstrated nonbranching fibrils characteristic of amyloid, and pretreatment of tissue sections using the permanganate method in two cases showed almost complete ablation of congophilia. Evidence suggests that ASV is a permanganate-sensitive, non-AA (amyloid, protein A) type of amyloid that may be different from all other types of amyloid previously characterized.
Aged↗
Has vesicostomy a role in the neuropathic bladder?
This retrospective study aims to assess the efficacy of vesicostomy in the management of deteriorating upper renal tracts in patients with neuropathic bladders for whom intermittent self catheterization is not a clinical option. Between 1980-1987 vesicostomy was performed in 16 such patients (11 female, 5 male). Eleven had myelomeningocoele, 4 sacral anomalies and one cerebral palsy with scoliosis. All patients had urinary tract infections and deteriorating hydronephrosis and hydroureter (IVP, U/S); associated reflux in 13, impaired GFR in 4 and abnormal biochemistry in 8. The mean age at surgery was 3.3 years (8 mths. to 9 years). In all cases deterioration was arrested by vesicostomy. Fifteen patients showed structural or functional improvement and one stabilized. Late closure of the vesicostomy in two cases resulted in disimprovement of biochemical and radiological parameters. Acceptance of the vesicostomies was good. We advocate vesicostomy as an effective drainage procedure to preserve function in patients with neuropathic bladders and deteriorating renal tracts, in whom intermittent self catheterization is not a realistic alternative.
Child↗
Physical monitoring of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The kinetics of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be followed at the DNA level by using a galactose-inducible HO (GAL-HO) gene to initiate the event in synchronously growing cells. From the time that HO endonuclease cleaves MAT a until the detection of MAT alpha DNA took 60 min. When unbudded G1-phase cells were induced, switched to the opposite mating type in "pairs." In the presence of the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, HO-induced cleavage occurred but cells failed to complete switching. In these blocked cells, the HO-cut ends of MATa remained stable for at least 3 h. Upon removal of hydroxyurea, the cells completed the switch in approximately 1 h. The same kinetics of MAT switching were also seen in asynchronous cultures and when synchronously growing cells were induced at different times of the cell cycle. Thus, the only restriction that confined normal homothallic switching to the G1 phase of the cell cycle was the expression of HO endonuclease. Further evidence that galactose-induced cells can switch in the G2 phase of the cell cycle was the observation that these cells did not always switch in pairs. This suggests that two chromatids, both cleaved with HO endonuclease, can interact independently with the donors HML alpha and HMRa.
DNA↗
Pledgets in ingrowing toenails.
Eighty children had cotton wool pledgets inserted under the nail corner for ingrowing toenails. Success was achieved in 44 (72%) of the 61 children followed up for a mean of 2.5 years. Appearance was excellent and compliance high. Initial insertion under anaesthesia improved the results, and chronicity did not adversely affect the outcome.
Adolescent↗
Physical monitoring of meiotic and mitotic recombination in yeast.
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Genetic Engineering↗