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Biomedical subjects

B Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to B Coleman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Characterization of novel human oral isolates and cloned 16S rDNA sequences that fall in the family Coriobacteriaceae: description of olsenella gen. nov., reclassification of Lactobacillus uli as Olsenella uli comb. nov. and description of Olsenella profusa sp. nov.

The diversity of organisms present in the subgingival pockets of patients with periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) were examined previously. The 16S rRNA genes of subgingival plaque bacteria were amplified using PCR with a universal forward primer and a spirochaete-selective reverse primer. The amplified DNA was cloned into Escherichia coli. In one subject with ANUG, 70 clones were sequenced. Seventy-five per cent of the clones were spirochaetal, as expected. Twelve of the remaining clones fell into two clusters that represent novel phylotypes in the family Coriobacteriaceae. The first novel phylotype was most closely related to Atopobium rimae (98% similarity). The phylotype probably represents a novel Atopobium species, but will not be named until cultivable strains are obtained. The second novel phylotype was only 91% similar to described Atopobium species and 84% similar to Coriobacterium glomerans. The 16S rRNA sequences of the type strain of Lactobacillus uli and a strain representing the Moores' Eubacterium group D52 were determined as part of on ongoing sequence analysis of oral bacteria. The sequence for L. uli was more than 99.8% similar to sequences for the second clone phylotype. It therefore appears that the second clone phylotype and L. uli represent the same species. The sequence for the Eubacterium D52 strain was 95.6% similar to that of L. uli. The G+C content of the DNA of L. uli and Eubacterium D52 is 63-64 mol %. These organisms are thus distinct from the neighbouring genus Atopobium, which has a DNA G+C content of 35-46 mol%. A new genus, Olsenella gen. nov., is proposed for these two species on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis to include Olsenella uli comb. nov. and Olsenella profusa sp. nov.

Actinobacteria↗
PubMed2000

Combined pure esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, biliary atresia, and pancreatic ductal atresia: prenatal diagnostic features and review of the literature.

The authors recently managed a case of combined pure esophageal, duodenal, biliary, and pancreatic ductal atresia in a fetus and newborn with Trisomy 21. The authors present a case report and review of the literature, emphasizing the prenatal radiographic features of the combined lesions and the high incidence of associated anomalies including Down's syndrome. Prenatal suspicion of these anomalies warrants karyotype analysis as well as careful pre- and postnatal screening for other anomalies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

The financial impact on community mental health centers of capitated contracts with Medicaid: the Utah Prepaid Mental Health Plan.

Under the Utah Prepaid Mental Health Plan, three of the eleven Community Mental Health Centers in Utah signed capitation contracts with the state Medicaid program. The capitated Centers initially accepted the risk for inpatient care, with the risk later being extended to also include outpatient services. This study contrasts the financial experiences of the capitated Centers and five noncontracting Centers. While various patterns of financial management are evident in the data, it appears that the decision to contract had, at worst, a neutral effect on overall financial performance. Managed care programs with different designs may have different results.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed1999

The family Coriobacteriaceae: reclassification of Eubacterium exiguum (Poco et al. 1996) and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens (Lanigan 1976) as Slackia exigua gen. nov., comb. nov. and Slackia heliotrinireducens gen. nov., comb. nov., and Eubacterium lentum (Prevot 1938) as Eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov.

16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for Eubacterium exiguum and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens. These species were found to be closely related and, together with Eubacterium lentum, to constitute a branch of the Coriobacteriaceae. Two new genera are proposed on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons: Slackia to include the bile-sensitive species Eubacterium exiguum and P. heliotrinreducens, and Eggerthella to include the bile-resistant Eubacterium lentum. It is proposed that Eubacterium exiguum and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens are transferred to the genus Slackia gen. nov. as Slackia exigua gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 700122T) and Slackia heliotrinireducens gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain NTCC 11029T), respectively, and Eubacterium lentum is transferred to the genus Eggerthella gen. nov. as Eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. with Eggerthella lenta as the type species.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1999

Metabolic and cardiovascular responses during work on a high ropes course.

BACKGROUND: High ropes course facilities are employed in adventure programs to promote self-esteem, stress management, and problem-solving skill development. Although the combination of fear, anxiety, and potentially high levels of physical exertion during such activity could yield situations of cardiac risk for certain individuals, no previous research has described the physiological nature of high ropes course work. The purpose of this study was to observe the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to a typical high ropes course experience. METHODS: Seventeen subjects gave informed consent to complete a 5-element sequence on an indoor high ropes course. The elements included step-swings (SS), swinging tires (ST), a 4-inch balance beam (B1), a vertical cargo net (CN), and a second beam (B2). These elements were positioned in series at a height of 20 feet above the floor. Expired air was analyzed continuously using a portable open circuit metabolic analyzer and heart rate (HR) was recorded at 5-second intervals via telemetry. Pre- and postcourse blood samples were obtained via finger-prick and analyzed for lactate (BL). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were taken at an orientation session prior to each subject's test date and at pre-, mid-, and post course points during each test session. RESULTS: The mean ropes course work time was 11.2 +/- 2.9 min. Mean averaged/peak oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE), HR, and energy expenditure (EE) were 13.9 +/- 2.3/21.6 +/- 3.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, 36.4 +/- 8.1/49.6 +/- 10.3 l.min-1, 142 +/- 16/167 +/- 15 b.min-1, and 5.1 +/- 0.9/7.7 +/- 1.0 kcal.min-1 respectively. In descending order, mean EE was 6.2 +/- 1.1, 6.2 +/- 0.8, 5.4 +/- 1.0, 4.5 +/- 0.5, and 4.2 +/- 0.5 kcal +/- min-1 for the B2, ST, CN, B1, and SS elements respectively. Blood lactate increased (p < 0.05) from a pre course value of 1.9 +/- 0.6 mmol.l-1 to 5.0 +/- 1.1 mmol.l-1 post course. SBP values at pre- (136.7 +/- 16.0), mid-(169.8 +/- 19.7), and postcourse (154.1 +/- 19.2) were higher (p < 0.05) than the orientation SBP of 126.2 +/- 14.7 mmHg. Mid- and post course SBP means were significantly higher than the precourse mean. A significant difference was found for DBP between the midcourse (86.3 +/- 8.9) vs the orientation mean (79.1 +/- 6.8) only. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon the results of this study, average high ropes course work can be classified as aerobically moderate to heavy, at just over 4 METs with peak periods over 7 METs. Transient elevation in DBP may occur during elements with a high level of upper body work. High ropes course work does not present an unusually high physiological stress for healthy, physically fit individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Shyness and little boy blue: iris pigmentation, gender, and social wariness in preschoolers.

In recent years, researchers have uncovered a link between iris pigmentation and inhibition/social wariness among young children (e.g., Rosenberg & Kagan, 1987, 1989; Rubin & Both, 1989). In the present study, 152 Caucasian preschool-aged (Mage = 54.09 months, SD = 5.84) children (77 males) with either blue (n = 84) or brown (n = 68) eyes, were compared in terms of parental and teacher ratings of social wariness, social play, and aggression. A significant Eye Color x Gender Interaction was found in terms of indices of social wariness; blue-eyed males were rated as more socially wary than brown-eyed males, while blue- and brown-eyed females did not differ in this regard. These results supported the notion that eye color is a marker variable for social wariness in young children.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

"Lasting Impressions: adolescents with cancer share how to cope"--a videotape program.

This article discusses the production of a videotape program for newly diagnosed adolescent cancer patients and their parents. The video was developed as a goal of the members of Lasting Impressions, a support program for adolescent cancer patients and their parents. The patients wanted to help other patients realistically understand the stresses they would encounter and learn ways to cope with them. The project is unique in that the patients developed the content, wrote the script, and starred in the production. This article details the various components of the project and describes the therapeutic goals achieved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Lasting impressions. A psychosocial support program for adolescents with cancer and their parents.

Adolescents with cancer undergo numerous stresses due to their disease, its treatment, and its potential late effects. These patients may experience delayed mastery of developmental tasks, intimacy, and independence and may have long-term psychological sequelae. Parents of adolescents with cancer also encounter many stresses related to coping with their child's illness. Lasting Impressions, a support program for adolescent cancer patients and their parents, was developed to help overcome these problems. The purpose of the program is to promote positive mental health and adaptation in participants. This article describes the program's goals and methods for accomplishing them, including components and therapeutic activities. The activities include a scrapbook, a newsletter, peer visitation, and a speakers' bureau. The most recent project is a video that is shown to newly diagnosed cancer patients. This program could be easily replicated by other oncology nurses who work with adolescents or young adults with cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Advanced nursing apprenticeship program: a strategy for retention of experienced critical care nurses.

Most hospitals are frantically planning recruitment strategies to attract new nurses for intensive care units. The direct cost associated with orientation of one of these nurses is estimated at greater than $2000, plus 6 months' to 1 year's salary per nurse. An interim strategy of using registered nurses to fill a full-time position for 1 year can cost upwards of $75,000 a year. Germane to the acclimatization of these nurses to the intensive care unit is the nurturing role of experienced nurses during the orientation and in assuring continuity of high-quality patient care. By virtue of their position, experienced nurses also model leadership behavior, and they are exposed to many day-to-day stresses that may leave them frustrated and feeling a lack of accomplishment. These factors, coupled with the scarcity of educational opportunities designed specifically for experienced nurses and a perceived absence of challenges, can lead to burnout. In this article I will describe an innovation in practice that uses the clinical nurse specialist role to stimulate and challenge experienced nurses. The program taught, supported, and nurtured unit-based change initiated by experienced nurses.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1989

Determinants of urea nitrogen production in sepsis. Muscle catabolism, total parenteral nutrition, and hepatic clearance of amino acids.

The major determinants of urea production were investigated in 26 patients with multiple trauma (300 studies). The body clearances (CLRs) of ten amino acids (AAs) were estimated as a ratio of muscle-released AAs plus total parenteral nutrition-infused AAs to their extracellular pool. While clinically septic trauma (ST) patients without multiple-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) had a higher level of urea nitrogen production (25.6 +/- 13.4 g of N per day) compared with nonseptic trauma (NST) patients (14 +/- 7.5 g of N per day) and with ST patients with MOFS (4.28 +/- 1.5 g of N per day), in all groups urea N production was found to be a function of muscle protein degradation (catabolism), total parenteral nutrition-administered AAs, and the ratio between leucine CLR and tyrosine CLR (L/T) (r2 = .82, P less than .0001). Since tyrosine is cleared almost exclusively by the liver, the L/T ratio may be regarded as an index of hepatic function. The significant differences between urea N production in ST and NST patients lay in an increased positive dependence on muscle catabolism and increased negative correlation with L/T in the ST group. At any L/T ratio, urea N production was increased in ST patients over NST patients, but in ST patients with MOFS, it fell to or below levels of NST patients. These data show that the ST process is associated with enhancement of ureagenesis, due to increased hepatic CLR of both exogenous and endogenous AAs. In sepsis with MOFS, a marked inhibition of urea synthesis occurs, partially explained by a decreased hepatic CLR of non-branched-chain AAs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nursing implication for pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation: a treatment for right ventricular dysfunction after cardiac surgery.

PPRVD is a phenomenon frequently observed in the operating room. Its development can be attributed to a single or many factors associated with cardiac operation. Namely, its presence is precipated by injury to the RV myocardium or changes in the normal hemodynamic functions of the RV. While PPRVD occurs in isolation, it is usually seen with concomitant LV dysfunction. When conventional medical management of LV dysfunction does not improve yet unmasks RV dysfunction, some type of ventricular assist device to support RV dysfunction may be needed to wean patients from cardiopulmonary bypass such as PABC. PABC has been demonstrated to be useful in the management of mild to moderate PPRVD and weaning from CPB. Severe PPRVD has not been demonstrated to benefit from PABC. The major concern in managing PPRVD is the lack of quantifiable criteria for determining levels of RV injury. Research is continuing in this area. Likewise, investigations are under way to develop a transvenous PABC catheter. This catheter would allow for increased PABC use as it would not require surgical placement or removal. The present PABC model could potentially be used in any hospital that uses conventional intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. The patient presented in this case was cared for in a 350-bed community hospital in the Northeast section of the United States. A PABC patient can present a unique nursing challenge. It is hoped that this article will assist nurses in the future management of these patients.

Aged↗