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Biomedical subjects

B Carlisle

Publications and source records attributed to B Carlisle.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Changes in the phenotype of monocytes/macrophages and expression of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Data from a previous study suggested that peripheral blood monocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be activated. Therefore, in this study we sought further evidence of 'presynovial' activation of monocytes. Our results show that phenotypic changes are demonstrable in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with RA, including increased expression of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and FcRI (CD64). However, changes are most extensive in synovial monocytes/macrophages and especially for HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54). We conclude that monocyte/macrophage activation is most evident within the joint, and that 'presynovial' changes occur but are of limited extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A gene expressed in undifferentiated vegetative Dictyostelium is repressed by developmental pulses of cAMP and reinduced during dedifferentiation.

We describe the gene M4-1, whose unique pattern of developmental expression will allow us to study the molecular mechanisms controlling expression in undifferentiated cells in addition to repression in response to cAMP during development and reinduction during dedifferentiation. M4-1 is a Dictyostelium gene expressed in the undifferentiated cell. We have shown that M4-1 continues to be expressed very early during the developmental cycle but is repressed at a later stage of development, at a time coincident with the establishment of oscillations in the cAMP pool. Studies on the expression of the M4-1 gene in shaking culture, under conditions that mimic early development, have established that pulsatile stimulation of cells with cAMP is sufficient to repress M4-1 expression. Consistent with this, cells that are exposed to high levels of cAMP are unable to respond normally to cAMP oscillations and continue to express M4-1 at vegetative levels. These data indicate that low-level oscillations of cAMP are required for the repression of M4-1 expression rather than the continuous high levels of cAMP responsible for the regulation of a different class of Dictyostelium genes. We suggest that cAMP may mediate developmental expression of the Dictyostelium genome by different mechanisms. We also show that cell-cell interaction, a developmental event that occurs subsequent to the cAMP pulse, does not normally influence the regulation of M4-1. Finally, we have shown that when cAMP-pulsed cells are induced to dedifferentiate, M4-1 RNA sequences rapidly reappear in nuclei and cytoplasm, suggesting that regulation of M4-1 expression is primarily mediated at the level of transcription.

Cell Aggregation↗
PubMed1979

Effects of brief exposure of domestic fowl to very intense acceleration fields.

Since biological responses to high sustained Gz (HSGz) are determined largely by field intensity and duration of exposure, a series of experiments was arranged to emphasize the effects of field intensity. Male Rhode Island Red chickens were given a single standard exposure of 1 min to a field, which increased from 5-18 +Gz for the series. Acceleration-induced changes were observed in heart rate during and after the treatment, and in lymphocyte frequency and body mass maintenance subsequently. Generally, there was an increasing bradycardia and lymphopenia, which was proportional to field strength. Above 13 G, normal growth and even the maintenance of a pre-treatment body mass were impaired.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1978

Construction manager can reduce costs, frustrations.

Working as a team, the architect, the owner, and the construction manager can provide substantial savings in the design and construction process. Key to the success of such an effort is a well-conceived selection process for the architect and the construction manager and a firm contract with each. Close coordination at each step of the design/construction process also is important.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electron microscopic immunocytological profiles in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Structures consistent in size, shape and character with various stages of a Lentivirus replicative cycle were observed by electron microscopy in 12-day peripheral-blood lymphocyte cultures from 10 of 17 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients and not in controls. Attempts to identify a lymphoid phenotype containing these structures by immunogold labelling failed and the results of reverse-transcriptase assay of culture supernatants were equivocal. The study was blind and case-controlled, patients being paired with age, sex and ethnically matched healthy volunteers. Prescreening of subjects included the common metabolic and immunological disorders, functional conditions and a virus-screen against hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A trial of clodronate-liposomes as anti-macrophage treatment in a sheep model of arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Our previous research has concerned the role of macrophages in joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. We have therefore been interested in liposomes containing clodronate as an antimacrophage treatment for arthritis. We have used the antigen-induced arthritis model in sheep to evaluate the effect of clodronate liposomes. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in the right hock joint (day 0). We were able to demonstrate uptake of liposomes into macrophages within the inflamed joint lining. On day 7, sheep were given a single intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes (group 1, n = 10) or saline liposomes (group 2, n = 10). A further 6 sheep (group 3) had no arthritis and no treatment. RESULTS: No difference in joint diameter was observed between the sheep in group 1 (clodronate) and group 2 (saline treated). Both groups had joint swelling which persisted until the end of the trial (day 20). Histologic scoring was also similar in group 1 and group 2 animals, and both were worse than group 3. CONCLUSION: In vitro studies have shown that interaction of liposomes with neutrophils and monocytes stimulates a respiratory burst. Despite this possible pro-inflammatory effect we did not observe any increase in joint diameter following liposome injection. Thus we were unable to demonstrate a therapeutic effect of a single dose of clodronate liposomes in this large animal model of antigen-induced arthritis.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗