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Biomedical subjects

B Carlin

Publications and source records attributed to B Carlin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Urinary retention after tension-free vaginal tape procedure: incidence and treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To review our experience with persistent urinary retention after the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure and report our treatment results. Ulmsten recently introduced the TVT procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. Although the morbidity is minimal, no surgical procedure is without risks, and experience will better define the morbidity of the TVT procedure. METHODS: Since November 1998, we have collectively performed 600 TVT procedures. Of these, 17 patients (2.8%) developed urinary retention or symptoms consistent with obstruction (including hesitancy, straining to void, or feeling of incomplete emptying) lasting more than 1 week from the date of the procedure. We reviewed the operative record, noting the operative time, estimated blood loss, presence of bladder penetration, and any reported complications. All 17 patients subsequently underwent transvaginal release on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (mean age 56 years, range 38 to 81) underwent sling release a mean of 64 days (range 6 to 228) after the TVT procedure. All patients voided to completion within 24 hours of release and reported no further subjective complaints of outlet obstruction. None of the subjects reported de novo urge incontinence or urgency. In each patient, the estimated blood loss was minimal; the operative time averaged 15 minutes. One urethral injury occurred and was managed intraoperatively without sequelae. Sixteen patients who underwent sling release have remained dry; the remaining patient, in whom a urethral injury was repaired, redeveloped stress incontinence and underwent an uncomplicated successful transvaginal sling procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Outlet obstruction is a risk of the TVT procedure and occurred with an incidence of 2.8% in our experience. The TVT mesh can be released by a simple vaginal incision under local anesthesia with rapid return to normal voiding. Although the number of patients studied was small, stress incontinence did not recur after uncomplicated release in our series.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Preliminary imaging results using In-111 labeled CYT-356 (Prostascint) in the detection of recurrent prostate cancer.

To evaluate whether In-111 capromab pendetide (an antibody conjugate directed to a glycoprotein found primarily on the cell membrane of prostate tissue) radioimmunoscintigraphy can localize residual or metastatic prostatic carcinoma in 15 patients after prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma with rising serum prostate-specific antigen. One patient with 0.6 ng/ml serum prostate-specific antigen had normal imaging results and 14 patients had scintigraphic evidence of residual prostatic bed or metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Two patients with borderline abnormal bone scans had abnormal activity in the same regions on In-111 capromab pendetide images. All patients had negative radiographic abdominal and pelvic cross-sectional prestudy images, and there were no adverse effects related to In-111 capromab pendetide infusion and little human antimouse antibody response.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Effect of acute hypercapnia on PTH-stimulated phosphaturia in dietary Pi-deprived rat.

The effects of respiratory acidosis on renal inorganic phosphate (Pi) handling are controversial. Clearance experiments, therefore, were performed in fasted, chronically parathyroidectomized (PTX), dietary Pi-deprived rats. The objectives were twofold: to study the effects of compensated and uncompensated hypercapnia per se on renal Pi excretion and to examine the interaction between acute hypercapnia, dietary Pi, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the renal handling of Pi. Acute hypercapnia increased the plasma Pi (delta 2.82 +/- 0.65 mg/dl, P less than 0.05) without altering the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The FEPi increased (delta 7.26 +/- 0.48%, P less than 0.001) but the TRPi/GFR also increased. PTH (3 U X kg-1 X h-1) superimposed on hypercapnia resulted in a plasma Pi comparable to hypercapnia alone. The FEPi (7.56 +/- 0.78 vs. 24.43 +/- 2.20%; P less than 0.001) was higher and the TRPi/GFR (117 +/- 4 vs. 80 +/- 2 micrograms/min, P less than 0.01) lower, in the former group. PTH infusion during normocapnia resulted in a lower FEPi (0.20 +/- 0.10 vs. 24.43 +/- 2.20%, P less than 0.001) and a higher TRPi/GFR (106 +/- 2 vs. 80 +/- 2 micrograms/min, P less than 0.01) compared with PTH infusion during hypercapnia. Urinary adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) excretion was similar between the groups. During hypercapnia, when the extracellular acidemia was neutralized, the phosphaturic action of PTH persisted. These studies offer direct evidence that in chronically PTX, dietary Pi-deprived rats, the phosphaturic action of PTH is restored by hypercapnia per se. This effect appears to be independent of extracellular acidemia, changes in the plasma Pi and calcium, urinary pH and Na and cAMP excretion.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography and ultrasound appearance of bladder malacoplakia.

The computed tomography and ultrasound findings of two patients with malacoplakia of the bladder, both at the time of initial diagnosis and following response to treatment, are presented. Because bladder wall involvement is demonstrated by these modalities in female patients with repeated episodes of urinary tract infection, this entity should be entertained in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Increased renal parenchymal accumulation of Tc-99m HDP in kidney contusion.

Unilateral focal areas of intense, increased renal uptake of Tc-99m oxidronate sodium (technetium-99m HDP) were incidentally detected in the bone scan of a female patient who subsequently gave a history of recent trauma to her flank. Increased renal parenchymal uptake of Tc-99m HDP in this patient was thought to be due to kidney contusion. The case is interesting in itself and for its possible implications regarding the use of radio-labeled phosphate compounds for detection of renal contusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Online and offline print costs in MEDLINE.

The NLM and DIALOG user will normally make the cost-effective choice by printing online at 1200 baud rather than offline. At 300 baud the offline print remains the economical choice. Given the most reasonable estimates of citation length, offline printing is now the choice in all cases for the BRS user of MEDLINE. The cost estimates are based on the application of the Boyce-Gillen formula. Page charges are converted to citation charges where necessary.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Amrinone-mediated thrombocytopenia.

Amrinone, a new cardioactive drug, was administered for, on average, 27.9 d to 12 patients in severe congestive heart failure. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 4 patients, while a progressive decline in platelet numbers developed in 3 additional patients. The mechanism for these adverse effects of amrinone is unclear, but merits further study because of its frequency.

Aminopyridines↗
PubMed1982

Clinical experience with amrinone in patients with advanced congestive heart failure.

To examine the efficacy of chronic amrinone therapy, the drug was administered to 12 patients with advanced congestive heart failure on average for 27.9 days. The majority of patients had a persistent increase in cardiac index and a persistent decrease in systemic vascular resistance. A decrease in pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure was observed after oral amrinone administration in three patients. However, changes in pulmonary arterial pressure were not consistent in response to intravenous administration of the drug. Thrombocytopenia occurred in four patients, hypogeusia was noted by three patients, and dysosmia developed in two patients. The cumulative survival of the amrinone patients was significantly poorer than that of a second group of patients with congestive heart failure having similar symptoms. These findings indicate that there is a subset of patients with congestive heart failure who do not benefit from chronic amrinone administration and that in such patients its use (especially when given concomitantly with potentially toxic and hypotensive drugs) should be extremely guarded.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Entactin, a novel basal lamina-associated sulfated glycoprotein.

A sulfated glycoprotein, entactin, of apparent molecular weight 158,000 has been isolated from an extracellular basement membrane-like matrix. This matrix is elaborated in cell culture by a mouse endodermal cell line. Antibodies prepared in rabbits against this sulfated glycoprotein react with mouse and rat basement membranes from a variety of tissues. These antibodies also react in a specific manner with a discrete component of mouse and rat kidney glomeruli. The electrophoretic mobility of this component is identical to that of entactin. The mouse kidney antigen, as shown by immunoelectron microscopic studies, is predominantly localized at the surface of epithelial cells of tubules and glomeruli adjacent to the basement membrane. Some antigen is also present in the basal lamina adjacent to the epithelial cells. Entactin is distinct from the basement membrane-associated protein GP-2, a protein similar to laminin. Entactin differs from GP-2 in electrophoretic mobility, cyanogen bromide peptide fragmentation pattern, immunological cross-reactivity, and incorporation of H235SO4. Entactin is insensitive to treatment with chrondroitinase ABC. It is suggested that this molecule plays a role in the interaction of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Immunolocalization of entactin, a sulfated basement membrane component, in rodent tissues, and comparison with GP-2 (laminin).

Entactin is a sulfated glycoprotein in the extracellular basement membrane like matrix produced by M1536-B3 cells, a mouse endodermal line derived from an embryonal carcinoma. It has a molecular weight of 158,000 and is chemically and immunologically distinguishable from GP-2 (laminin) and fibronectin. Antibodies produced against entactin and GP-2 react with subepithelial and vascular basement membranes in rat lung, liver, spleen, and kidney and mouse placenta and kidney when examined by light microscopy. Both antibodies yield staining around the marginal sinus of the white pulp of the spleen. Antientactin reacts with basement membrane and mesangium in rat glomeruli, and anti-GP2 does not. Ultrastructurally, staining in kidneys is strongest at epithelial or endothelial cell membranes bordering basement membranes, with only moderate staining of the basement membrane proper. Intracellular staining is not present. The location of entactin suggests that it has a role in the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix, possibly in adhesion. Lack of intracellular staining suggests that the tissues studied are not actively producing entactin or GP-2 and that these substances may be fairly stable in adult organisms.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1979

Properties of a basement membrane-related glycoprotein synthesized in culture by a mouse embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line.

Two glycoproteins, GP-1 and GP-2, have been isolated from an extracellular membrane synthesized in cell culture by an embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions have been determined. Both proteins are rich in half-cystine residues and contain approximately 12-15% carbohydrate. Antibodies have been obtained against one of the glycoproteins, GP-2, in rabbits. The antibody reacts with basement membranes from adult mouse and human kidney glomeruli and tubules, and all basement membranes tested from mouse embryonic tissues. The molecular properties of GP-2 are superficially similar to LETS protein; however, immunological and other criteria show that they are distinct proteins. The presence of LETS protein and GP-2 in basement membranes suggests that there are subtle interactions which are important in adhesion of epithelial cells to basement membranes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic differentiation of cervical abortion from cervical pregnancy.

Cervical abortion is a spontaneous abortion of a normal intrauterine pregnancy into the cervical canal where the abortus is retained by a closed external os, causing distention of the cervical canal. This entity closely simulates ectopic cervical pregnancy clinically. The ultrasonic findings in four patients with cervical abortion are described and these could alert the physician to the possibility of this condition.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗