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Biomedical subjects

B Canning

Publications and source records attributed to B Canning.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Management information and self-governing NHS hospital trusts.

The proposal for self-governing hospital trusts within the NHS, announced in the White Paper Working for Patients on 31 January 1989 and enacted through passage of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 last July, introduces free market incentives to NHS hospitals. Hospitals applying for self-governing status must first demonstrate that they have an information system appropriate to support decision making in the new context. An overall information systems flow and an approach to information systems development are recommended based upon the Freeman Hospital model. The Freeman Hospital is a national pilot site selected by the NHS Management Executive for development of information systems for NHS hospitals.

Budgets↗
PubMed1989

Muscarinic receptors: relationships among phosphoinositide breakdown, adenylate cyclase inhibition, in vitro detrusor muscle contractions and in vivo cystometrogram studies in guinea pig bladder.

The relationships between activation of muscarinic receptors in guinea pig bladder measured as carbachol-stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, oxotremorine-induced adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibition and bladder detrusor smooth muscle contraction determined in vitro as well as in vivo in the slow filling cystometrogram (CMG), were analyzed from the potencies of a number of muscarinic antagonists to block these responses. Significant positive linear correlations were found among the inhibitory potencies of 10 muscarinic antagonists to inhibit phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and both detrusor muscle contraction in vitro, as well as peak intravesical bladder pressure in vivo in the CMG (r = 0.8, P less than .01). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the potency of antagonists to block the AC inhibitory response and either in vitro or in vivo guinea pig bladder contractions (P greater than .05). Muscarinic agonists inhibited basal AC activity to a maximum of 20% in a GTP-dependent, Na+-sensitive manner and dose dependently stimulated both PI breakdown (3- to 4-fold) and isolated detrusor contractions. Again, a significant correlation (r = 0.9, P less than .01) was calculated among the potencies of seven muscarinic agonists to elicit PI turnover and in vitro muscle contraction, whereas no significant correlation was observed between their potencies to inhibit AC activity and contractile responses in vitro. Collectively, the data suggest that IP accumulation and presumably IP-induced Ca++ release may function as the transducing mechanism for cholinergic contraction of the urinary bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1988

Selective agents for muscarinic receptors linked to phosphoinositide breakdown.

We examined the effects of several muscarinic agonists and antagonists on phosphoinositide breakdown (PI) and adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibition in rat cerebral cortex and heart, respectively. Acetylcholine, carbachol and methacholine behaved as full agonists in both systems. In contrast, oxotremorine and arecoline failed to stimulate PI turnover but were potent and efficacious at inhibiting AC. Among the antagonists, pirenzepine, dicyclomine, telenzepine and (R)-QNA were both potent (Ki approximately 0.5-7.5 nM) and selective (90- to 8,500-fold) for the PI-linked (putatively M1) brain receptor. In contrast, the cardioselective and ileal-selective M2 antagonists, AF-DX 116 and hexahydrosiladifenidol, were equipotent, competitive inhibitors of both responses. The selectivity of these drugs in terms of their biochemical responses is described.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗