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Biomedical subjects

B Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to B Campbell.

192 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sperm DNA fragmentation is increased in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Previous studies have indicated that sperm quality may be related to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. This study evaluated the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL assay on sperm from 24 couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to sperm from 2 control groups: donors of known fertility and unscreened men from the general population. The percentage of sperm staining positive for DNA fragmentation was increased (p < .001) in the RPL group (38 +/- 4.2) compared to the donor (11.9 +/- 1.0) or general population (22 +/- 2.0) control groups. In the RPL group, no correlation was observed between semen quality parameters and the TUNEL data. These data indicate that some RPL patients have a significant increase of sperm DNA fragmentation, which may be causative of pregnancy loss in some patients.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sperm chromosome aneuploidy as related to male factor infertility and some ultrastructure defects.

Some men have elevated levels of sperm chromosome aneuploidy. In this study, we have evaluated and summarized sperm aneuploidy rates in male infertility patients and control groups. The mean aneuploidy rate for five chromosomes (X, Y, 13, 18, 21) was 1.2 +/- 0.1 for fertile controls, 1.4 +/- 0.1 for a general population control group, and 5.8 +/- 1.14 for the patients. When the patients were classified by the type of male factor infertility, the total aneuploidy rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 in men with moderately diminished semen quality (n = 7), 4.0 +/- 0.3 patients with severe teratoasthenooligozoospermia, and 15.9 +/- 3.8 for men with rare ultrastructure defects such as round head only syndrome or severe tail agenesis. Some infertility patients have a severely elevated level of sperm chromosome aneuploidy, which may contribute to infertility or diminish the likelihood of a successful outcome from IVF/ICSI. The severity of sperm chromosome aneuploidy appears to be proportional to the severity of abnormal semen quality: in particular, abnormal morphology. The high rates of aneuploidy in patients with severe ultrastructure defects suggest that caution should be employed in counseling those patients prior to IVF/ICSI.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between aggression and pubertal increases in testosterone: a panel analysis of adolescent males.

Existing data linking testosterone (T) and aggression in human adult males are surprisingly tenuous. In one of the few studies based on adolescent males, Olweus et al. (1988) demonstrated strong relationships between concurrent measures of T and aggression. However, the conclusions that could be drawn regarding developmental change were limited. Using data from a three-year panel study of 100 adolescent males (ages 12 to 13 at study entry), we examined whether there are significant relationships between concurrently collected measures of T and self-ratings of aggression, and whether the dramatic pubertal rise in T predicts subsequent change in aggression ratings. Panel analyses incorporating concurrent, lagged, and change measures found few significant relationships between aggression and T or pubertal development. The general absence of T/aggression relationships is discussed in the context of other empirical findings, the aggression measures used, and prepubertal differentiation on aggression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testosterone and pubertal development as predictors of sexual activity: a panel analysis of adolescent males.

Strong cross-sectional relationships between testosterone (T) and sexual activity have been found for human adolescent males, even when level of pubertal development is controlled; however, it has not been demonstrated that sexual behavior increases over time as a consequence of hormonal changes. The purpose of this paper was to extend previous cross-sectional findings by demonstrating that sexual behavior is initiated and increases within individuals over time as a direct function of changes in T levels, rather than indirectly through pubertal development. Analyses are based on a 3-year panel study of about 100 7th- and 8th-grade adolescent boys. Pubertal development and changes in pubertal development were significantly and positively related to changes in sexual ideation, noncoital behavior, and to the transition to sexual intercourse. Testosterone levels at study entry were significantly related to coital status at Time 1 and also predicted the transition to nonvirgin status. However, changes in hormone levels during the 3 years of study participation did not predict changes in ideation or noncoital sexual activity, regardless of the period of change or the lag time to effects. The panel data suggest, in contrast to earlier cross-sectional results, that change in pubertal development is related to the initiation of sexual activity because of its social stimulus value, and not solely because it is determined by, or is a proxy for, changing hormone levels. Possible causes of the different findings in the cross-sectional and panel data are examined, and the implications and meaning of hormone/behavior relationships based on single measures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel beneficial effects of defibrotide, an endothelium protecting agent, following ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart.

Infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have been implicated as key mediators of ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart. These toxic effects are due to PMN and endothelial cell interactions. This microvascular dysfunction results in an impairment of the coronary circulation which enhances myocardial damage. The effect of defibrotide was examined in a neutrophil dependent isolated perfused rat heart model of ischemia (I) (20 min) and reperfusion (R) (45 min). Administration of defibrotide (200 micrograms/kg) to I/R hearts in the presence of PMNs preserved coronary flow and protected against cardiac contractile dysfunction (p < 0.001) in comparison to those I/R hearts perfused with PMNs but receiving only vehicle. Defibrotide also significantly decreased PMN accumulation in the ischemic myocardium as evidenced by an attenuation in myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.001). Defibrotide exerted a significant cardioprotection in PMN mediated I/R injury of rat heart. The mechanism appears to be related to inhibition of PMN-endothelium interaction and eventual PMN infiltration into the ischemic myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fascia lata autograft for orbital floor reconstruction.

Enophthalmos and diplopia are two major complications that result from a downward displacement of the eyeball. A case in which a fascia lata autograft was used to prevent these complications is presented. When covered by a flap with rich blood supply, this autograft can be used as a good substitute for alloplastic materials.

Fascia Lata↗