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Biomedical subjects

B C Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to B C Cooper.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Recognition of craniomandibular disorders.

Craniomandibular disorders often mimic diseases related to the ear, nose, and throat, so patients often seek the care of an otolaryngologist for these problems. After ruling out otolaryngologic disease, craniomandibular disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis. If a clinical diagnosis is supported by history, symptoms, and clinical evidence, the patient should be referred in a timely manner to a dentist who is competent to manage the patient. In addition to dentists, other health care practitioners may be called on by the primary treating physician to aid in the diagnosis and treatment. These can include a neurologist, radiologist, ophthalmologist, physiatrists, physical therapist, and internist. With recent advances in imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), precise bioelectronic measurement of mandibular movement and electromyography of masticatory function, and conservative orthotic and dental restorative treatments as well as surgical techniques including arthroscopic examination of the TMJ, craniomandibular disorders can be objectively and precisely diagnosed and treated (Figs. 10 through 16).

Craniomandibular Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Multidisciplinary approach to the differential diagnosis of facial, head and neck pain.

Pain in the region of the head and neck is one of the most common complaints that bring patients to the dentist. Because of the complexity of the anatomy as well as the vagueness of presenting symptoms, head and neck pain often is a diagnostic problem. Many different specialists may ultimately be consulted to make a comprehensive diagnosis and institute effective therapy. It is up to the one who coordinates the diagnostic sequence to have an understanding of the various pathologic conditions that can be manifested as pain in the head and neck. Although a comprehensive knowledge of all disciplines is not necessary, an overall understanding of the various disciplines of medicine as they relate to head and neck pain is valuable. The primary provider should establish a group of specialists to whom patients can be referred for further diagnosis and treatment when necessary to provide optimum care.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1991

Electromyography of masticatory muscles in craniomandibular disorders.

Patients presenting to the otolaryngologist with complaints such as otalgia, dizziness, tinnitus, or fullness in the ear may be experiencing the effects of craniomandibular disorders. These disorders can involve dysfunction in the delicate interrelationship of the skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, and neuromuscular apparatus and can present as myofacial pain. Electromyographic recordings using surface electrodes were made bilaterally on the masseter, anterior temporalis, and digastric muscles in 641 craniomandibular patients, before and after transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation, at their initial presentation and following the insertion of mandibular orthopedic appliances. In the presenting patient, muscle-resting levels significantly decreased from hyperactive levels with transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation therapy. The creation of a new occlusal position with an orthotic appliance was found to correlate with a significant reduction in otolaryngologic symptoms as well as an increase in maximum muscle activity in function and coordination of muscle groups during mandibular movement. Thus, clinical electromyographic studies are an important aid in the treatment of craniomandibular disorders.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1989

Nasorespiratory function and orofacial development.

The controversy over whether altered development of orofacial structures arises purely from expression of genetic potential or is influenced by environmental factors is reviewed. Resolving this controversy will determine the need for early intervention to permit nasal respiration and for orthodontic treatment.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1986

Myofacial pain dysfunction: analysis of 476 patients.

Myofacial Pain Dysfunction (MPD) is a musculoskeletal dysfunction involving malrelationship among the neuromuscular system, temporomandibular joints, and dental occlusion. The illness affects children and adults of all ages and both sexes. Patients complain of pain and/or dysfunction in the mandible, temporomandibular joints, ears, oral cavity, head, and neck. Electronic measurement of mandibular movement and associated muscle function now provide reproducible data with which the parameters of this illness and therapy can be designed and monitored. In this study, data are presented on 476 MPD patients. Included are statistics on the most commonly occurring symptoms, clinical examination findings, and electronic test data before and following treatment. The mandibular kinesiograph (MKG) is used to track mandibular movement and compare the natural dental occlusal position and a neuromuscularly balanced position of occlusion. Electromyography (EMG) is used to analyze the resting status of mandibular muscles and the functioning in the occlusal position. The data show a positive correlation between the clinical symptoms of MPD and unhealthy mandibular position at occlusion, accompanied by specific unhealthy muscle activity. There is a strong positive correlation between a therapeutic change in the dental occlusion to a neuromuscularly healthy position using a precision orthotic appliance and the relief of symptoms within 1 month as expressed by 88% of the patients. A similar correlation exists at 3 months and long-term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Retrovirus-like particles associated with myeloproliferative disease in the dog.

A case of granulocytic myeloproliferative disease with hypercalcaemia of malignancy in a 6-year-old Golden Retriever dog is described. Numerous retrovirus-like budding particles were observed at the cell surface of the neoplastic granulocytes, suggesting the presence of a new oncogenic virus. Several attempts by other workers to demonstrate the presence of an oncogenic retrovirus in canine lymphosarcoma have produced minimal results. This study suggests that non-lymphoid canine myeloproliferative disorders warrant further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myofacial pain dysfunction: a clinical examination procedure.

Myofacial pain dysfunction (MPD), a commonly occurring illness, presents with a variety of clinical appearances and patient symptoms which mimic many other illnesses. The family physician and medical specialist are often first consulted by patients suffering from the pain and/or limited functions associated with MPD. Although the definitive diagnosis and therapy is usually provided by a dental specialist, the attending physician is often required to make the initial clinical diagnosis of MPD and then select proper referrals and consultations. Physicians with an understanding of the cause and clinical picture of MPD can, by obtaining a comprehensive history and performing a concise clinical examination, make a diagnosis of MPD. A description of the nature of the illness and a clinical examination procedure are presented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗