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Biomedical subjects

B Bureau

Publications and source records attributed to B Bureau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

In situ sensing of volatile organic compounds in groundwater: first field tests of a mid-infrared fiber-optic sensing system.

A prototype mid-infrared sensor system for the determination of volatile organic pollutants in groundwater was developed and tested under real-world conditions. The sensor comprises a portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, coupled to the sensor head via mid-infrared transparent silver halide fiber-optic cables. A 10 cm unclad middle section of the 6-m-long fiber is coated with ethylene propylene copolymer in order to enrich the analytes within the penetration depth of the evanescent field protruding from the fiber sensor head. A mixture of tetrachloroethylene, dichlorobenzene, diethyl phthalate, and xylene isomers at concentrations in the low ppm region was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in an artificial aquifer system filled with Munich gravel. This simulated real-world site at a pilot scale enables in situ studies of the sensor response and spreading of the pollutants injected into the system with controlled groundwater flow. The sensor head was immersed into a monitoring well of the aquifer system at a distance of 1 m downstream of the sample inlet and at a depth of 30 cm. Within one hour, the analytes were clearly identified in the fingerprint region of the IR spectrum (1300 to 700 cm(-1)). The results have been validated by head-space gas chromatography, using samples collected during the field measurement. Five out of six analytes could be discriminated simultaneously; for two of the analytes the quantitative results are in agreement with the reference analysis.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

Body image perception among men in three countries.

OBJECTIVE: The authors tested the hypothesis that men in modern Western societies would desire to have a much leaner and more muscular body than the body they actually had or perceived themselves to have. METHOD: The height, weight, and body fat of college-aged men in Austria (N=54), France (N=65), and the United States (N=81) were measured. Using the somatomorphic matrix, a computerized test devised by the authors, the men chose the body image that they felt represented 1) their own body, 2) the body they ideally would like to have, 3) the body of an average man of their age, and 4) the male body they believed was preferred by women. The men's actual fat and muscularity was compared with that of the four images chosen. RESULTS: Only slight demographic and physical differences were found among the three groups of men. Modest differences were found between the men's measured fat and the fat of the images chosen. However, measures of muscularity produced large and highly significant differences. In all three countries, men chose a ideal body that was a mean of about 28 lb (13 kg) more muscular than themselves and estimated that women preferred a male body about 30 lb (14 kg) more muscular than themselves. In a pilot study, however, the authors found that actual women preferred an ordinary male body without added muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The wide discrepancy between men's actual muscularity and their body ideals may help explain the apparent rise in disorders such as muscle dysmorphia and anabolic steroid abuse.

Austria↗
PubMed1999

From crystalline to glassy gallium fluoride materials: an NMR study of 69Ga and 71Ga quadrupolar nuclei.

Owing to the implementation of acquisition techniques specific for nuclei with very large quadrupolar interaction (full shifted echo and variable offset cumulative spectra (VOCS)), NMR spectra of 69Ga and 71Ga are obtained in crystallised (PbGaF5, Pb3Ga2F12, Pb9Ga2F24 and CsZnGaF6) and glassy (PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3) gallium fluorides. Simulations of both static (full echo or VOCS) and 15 kHz MAS spectra allow to obtain consistent determinations of isotropic chemical shifts and very large quadrupolar parameters (nu(Q) up to 14 MHz). In the crystalline compounds whose structures are unknown, the number and the local symmetry of the different gallium sites are tentatively worked out. For the glassy systems, a continuous Czjzek's distribution of the NMR quadrupolar parameters accounts for the particular shape of the NMR spectrum.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

CP-MAS 207Pb with 19F decoupling NMR spectroscopy: medium range investigation in fluoride materials.

The isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb is used to perform structural investigations of crystalline fluoride compounds (PbF2, Pb2ZnF6, PbGaF5, Pb3Ga2F12 and Pb9Ga2F24) and transition metal fluoride glasses (TMFG) of the PZG family (PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3). Using 207Pb Cross Polarisation Magic Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR with 19F decoupling, it is shown that the isotropic chemical shift of 207Pb varies on a large scale (1000 ppm) and that the main changes of its value are not due to the nearest neighbour fluorines but may be related to the number of next nearest neighbour (nnn) Pb2+ ions. In this way, it is demonstrated that 207Pb chemical shift is an interesting probe to investigate medium range order in either crystalline or glassy fluoride systems. The 207Pb delta(iso) parameter has been linearly correlated to the number of nnn Pb2+ ions.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1999

From crystalline to glassy gallium fluoride materials: an NMR study of 69Ga and 71Ga quadrupolar nuclei.

Owing to the implementation of acquisition techniques specific for nuclei with very large quadrupolar interaction (full shifted echo and variable offset cumulative spectra (VOCS)), NMR spectra of 69Ga and 71Ga are obtained in crystallised (PbGaF5, Pb3Ga2F12, Pb9Ga2F24 and CsZnGaF6) and glassy (PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3) gallium fluorides. Simulations of both static (full echo or VOCS) and 15 kHz MAS spectra allow to obtain consistent determinations of isotropic chemical shifts and very large quadrupolar parameters (nuQ up to 14 MHz). In the crystalline compounds whose structures are unknown, the number and the local symmetry of the different gallium sites are tentatively worked out. For the glassy systems, a continuous Czjzek's distribution of the NMR quadrupolar parameters accounts for the particular shape of the NMR spectrum.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1998

[Epstein-Barr virus research by in situ hybridization in 65 cutaneous T cell epidermotropic lymphomas].

BACKGROUND: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly mutagenic virus known to be the cause of several types of lymphoma. There has been some controversy concerning EBV in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The aim of this study was to search for EBV with a sensitive method: in situ hybridization in 65 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1990 to 1995, 158 samples from 65 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2 stage IA, 12 IB, 4 IIA, 29 IIB, 16 Sézary syndrome, 2 stage IV) were collected. In situ hybridization with EBER and Bam W probes recognizing the viral latency genes were used to search for EBV. RESULTS: EBV was evidenced with at least one of the two probes in 43 samples (26 p. 100). Prior to alpha interferon treatment, 18 p. 100 of the samples were positive for EBER compared with 18 p. 100 for Bam W. After alpha interferon treatment, there was a significantly higher percentage of EBER positive samples (39 p. 100; p = 0.03). Inversely, there was no difference for the Bam W probe (p = 0.2). Clinical stage had no effect on the presence of EBV (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION: Our series evidenced the variable presence of EBV, identified by in situ hybridization, in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Few infiltrating cells are infected. This would be an argument in favor of an indirect role of the EBV in the transformation process. In addition, alpha interferon increases the life time of EBERs, sensitizing detection of this latency gene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Keratinocyte-lymphocyte interaction in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Modulation of keratinocyte antigen My7 by a soluble factor produced by T lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the modulation of My7 antigen in the basal keratinocytes is directly related to the effect of dermal lymphocyte infiltrate of epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). DESIGN: In vitro study with reconstituted skin model. SETTING: Department of Dermatology of University Hospital, Nantes, France. PATIENTS: Lymphocytes extracted from 11 skin samples with lesions of epidermotropic CTCL (mycosis fungoides, stages IIa to IV) and 6 skin samples with lesions of atopic dermatitis (control population) together with the supernatants of these infiltrating lymphocytes were incubated with normal reconstituted skin samples either alone or in the presence of interferon alfa-2a (10(2) IU/ mL). Moreover, normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 7 patients and 4 controls were incubated with reconstituted skin. INTERVENTION: None MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: None. RESULTS: Ten of 11 samples of lymphocytes extracted from CTCL and 7 of 11 of their supernatants inhibited partially or completely My7 expression by basal cells. NO inhibition was noted for lymphocytes extracted from inflammatory skin or their supernatants. Addition of interferon alfa-2a in a culture medium of extracted lymphocytes or their supernatants blocked inhibition of My7 expression by keratinocytes in 8 of 10 reconstituted skin samples. No abrogation of My7 expression was noted with peripheral mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro study demonstrated a direct and specific interaction between the tumor infiltrate of CTCL and keratinocytes. Moreover, this interaction appeared to be closely associated with a soluble factor produced by the tumor T-cell infiltrate and was at least partially blocked by interferon alfa-2a.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

Primary cutaneous lymphomas: a study of 37 cases.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study was performed in 37 cases of isolated primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) (22 B and 15 T phenotype). Patients with epidermotrophic infiltrate (mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome) were excluded. METHODS: Patients with PCL were selected according to strict criteria: isolated cutaneous involvement for at least 6 months and a negative exhaustive study of possible spread. Lesions were either limited to a single cutaneous region or were disseminated, involving at least two nonadjacent regions. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and an immunohistochemical study was performed. RESULTS: On the basis of the new Willemze classification for prognostic criteria, this study showed similarities between lymphomas of B and T phenotype in clinical features, therapeutic response, course, and overall prognosis. The clinical lesion was usually an erythematous nodule associated, or not, with an infiltrated layer and generally limited to a single cutaneous region. PCLs were highly sensitive to nonaggressive treatment, showing complete or more than 50% partial remission in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prognosis for these lymphomas was good, even for disseminated cutaneous forms. Patient survival at 48 months was 78% for T and 89% for B phenotype. In the latter group, the prognosis was comparable for CD30+ and CD30- T lymphomas; however, the course of PCL involved frequent cutaneous relapses, particularly with the disseminated forms, raising the problem of adjuvant treatment after complete remission was obtained. Extracutaneous involvement was rare, but always indicative of poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cutaneous and neurologic vasculitis disclosing EBV-selective immunodeficiency].

INTRODUCTION: Purtilo's syndrome or X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) is a rare genetic disorder affecting boys who have a selective immunodeficit towards Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and who develop extremely severe forms of EBV infection, of which there are four major types: severe or fatal infectious mononucleosis (60 p. 100), lymphoma (23 p. 100), acquired hypo- or agamaglobulinemia (25 p. 100) and anemia or pancytopenia. We report a case of vasculitis (cutaneous and neurologic) which led to the discovery of a selective immunodeficit towards EBV, similar to Purtilo's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 17 year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with an eruption initially felt to be consistent with pityriasis lichenoid. Treatment with erythromycin was initiated, this did not prevent the subsequent eruptions of cutaneous vasculitis lesions which were severe, prolonged, debilitating, and associated with fever and general deterioration of the patient condition. All etiologic studies were negative. A course of systemic corticosteroids was begun, but the cutaneous eruptions persisted; and in addition the patient developed signs of polyneuropathy in the lower extremities secondary to neurologic vasculitic lesions. New studies revealed an abnormal EBV serology (absence of anti-EBNA antibodies) as well as hypogammaglobulinemia, suggestive of a selective immunodeficit towards EBV resembling Purtilo's syndrome. DISCUSSION: In our patient, the development of an extensive vasculitis, characterized histologically by an intense lymphocytic infiltrate, positive for EBV, associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, and with abnormal serology suggests an anomaly in the immune response to EBV. Although the age of the patient and absence of family history make the Purtilo's syndrome uncertain, the nature of the immunodeficit is very similar and the patient could well develop a lymphoma. This case is significant in that the disease initially manifested itself as a cutaneous vasculitis, which was not been described previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Pituitary enlargement in congenital adrenal hyperplasia].

The aim of the suppression of pituitary adrenal axis in the management of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is to reduce the hypersecretion of adrenal androgens. However, the local consequences of the hyperreactivity of corticotropin cells during inadequate therapy is not well defined. In this case report, we present the observation of a 28-year-old patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia with inadequate treatment in whom a pituitary enlargement was detected after MR imaging for headaches. This observation underlines the need for a pituitary follow-up in these specific patients.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1995

Infantile acropustulosis in six immigrant children.

Infantile acropustulosis is a recurrent, pruriginous, vesiculopustular eruption of the palms and soles first described in 1979. We report six cases of infantile acropustulosis in recently emigrated children treated for scabies. Clinical follow-up was obtained by questionnaire addressed to patients' families and general practitioners. Our study suggests infantile acropustulosis is frequent in immigrant infants and could be a non-specific hypersensitivity reaction to Sarcoptes scabiei.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Two-stage excision of extensive cutaneous carcinoma of the face. A retrospective study of 80 patients].

INTRODUCTION: Delayed reconstruction (two-step surgery) comprised of tumor resection and repair three or four days later, after paraffin tissue fixation and histopathological examination, is one of the techniques used for complete excision of spreading cutaneous carcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate the efficacy and long term prognosis of delayed reconstruction surgery, we carried out a retrospective study of 80 patients treated by this method and (Kaplan- Meier) for correlation with the local recurrence rate: sex, age, anatomic site, histologic type and existence of previous therapy. Long term results have been estimated. Among the 80 patients studied, 76 patients have been followed. The sex-ratio was 0.48. Fifty-two percent of the population was more than seventy years old. Fifty-five percent of the tumors were situated on the nose. In 32,5 p. 100 of the cases, a prior therapy (surgery, electrodessication or radiation therapy) has been carried out. Histological analysis showed 87 p. 100 basal cell carcinomas (of which 26 p. 100 of morpheaform basal cell carcinomas) and 13 p. 100 squamous cell carcinomas. RESULTS: After the first operative step, there was total excision in 69 p. 100 of thecases. In the remaining cases, a second excision was performed with a margin of normal tissue. Recurrences were observed (some precocious recurrences and some late recurrences) in 18.4 p. 100 of the cases. No risk factor correlated significantly with the recurrence rate. However, analysis of the survival graph suggests that the squamous cell carcinomas recurred more often than the basal cell carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Although extemporaneous examinations (Mohs' technique) remains the gold standard technique in the management of spreading cutaneous carcinomas of the face, the delayed reconstruction (two-step surgery) is a credible alternative when compared to the recurrence rates reported in the literature with the other techniques (electrodessication, radiation therapy or cryosurgery).

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Presence of Epstein-Barr virus in cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.

It has been suggested that prolonged antigenic stimulation contributes to the development of epidermotropic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, characterized by a cutaneous infiltration of proliferating helper T cells. Since Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies were increased in CTCL sera, we investigated a possible etiologic role for EBV in epidermotropic CTCL by looking for the EBV genome in 25 cutaneous biopsies of mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome and 12 reactional inflammatory skin lesions. The use of a non-isotopic in situ hybridization procedure based on the detection of Epstein-Barr encoded RNAs with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes (EBER) revealed 32% of the lesions with CTCL to be positive for EBV (3 in dermis, 3 in epidermis, 2 both in dermis and epidermis), as compared to no detection of the EBV genome in the reactional inflammatory skin lesions. Moreover, a combined hybridization (EBER probe) and immunochemistry technique (anti-CD3 or anti-Kil monoclonal antibody) permitted the identification of EBV in T cells of dermis and in keratinocytes, respectively. The identification of EBV in epidermotropic CTCL suggests that this virus could play a role in the development of these CTCLs, either as an etiological agent or more probably as a chronic activating agent. Indeed, the infection of keratinocytes by EBV could activate them and so induce the production of in situ cytokines (IL1a, IL6, TNFa) playing a role in the development of tumoral infiltrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Lichenoid eruption induced by gold salts. An autonomous eruption].

INTRODUCTION: We report a severe lichenoid drug eruption due to gold salts which relapsed 8 months after the cessation of chrysotherapy. CASE REPORT: A 56 year old man, 3 months after the beginning of a gold sodium propanol sulfonate therapy, developed a polymorphous eruption with violin papules on the trunk, eczematous lesions on the limbs and erosive stomatitis. Gold salts were definitively withdrawn. We saw the patient four months after gold therapy cessation: the eruption remained and diagnosis of severe drug cutaneo-mucous lichenoid eruption was done. We saw thereafter the patient again, 8 months after gold therapy cessation: the eruption had relapsed, more intense. DISCUSSION: We suggest that lichenoid eruption, first caused by gold salts, has become autonomous.

Antirheumatic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Autologous bone marrow transplantation using TBI and CBV for disseminated high/intermediate grade cutaneous non-epidermotropic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Patients with stage IV high/intermediate grade cutaneous non-epidermotropic lymphoma of skin as first localization of the disease have a poor prognosis. In this setting, autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has rarely been evaluated. We report here on the treatment of four patients with such lymphomas with autologous BMT using 12 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and CBV (cyclophosphamide, carmustine and etoposide). Using a plexiglass screen, TBI delivered an homogenized dose to the skin. With this conditioning regimen, all patients are still in complete remission 22, 44, 46 and 51, respectively, months after high-dose chemotherapy, TBI and autologous BMT.

Adult↗