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Biomedical subjects

B Brown

Publications and source records attributed to B Brown.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting and reinforcing children's intentions to wear protective helmets while bicycling.

The researchers undertook to identify the factors that are most likely to influence children's intentions to use bicycle helmets. To determine the most important intention influencing factors, a random sample of 797 students in grades 4 through 6 completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning their beliefs about helmet use. They were asked about their perceptions of the risk of riding bicycles unprotected, the severity of possible head injuries, and about other bicycle-safety related behaviors. Factors that best predicted the student's intentions to use bicycle helmets involved both behavioral beliefs and normative beliefs. Analysis of factors influencing those with low intentions to use helmets, compared to those with high intentions, suggests the most effective messages that health planners can provide preadolescents to influence them to use helmets. They are that helmet use is fun and attractive, helmets provide a new look and a sporting image, and friends approve of and value this behavior. Parents, and particularly mothers, can reinforce their children's intentions to use helmets and their involvement should be encouraged.

Bicycling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the VIDAS Listeria (LIS) immunoassay for the detection of Listeria in foods using demi-Fraser and Fraser enrichment broths, as modification of AOAC Official Method 999.06 (AOAC Official Method 2004.06).

A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the VIDAS LIS immunoassay with the standard cultural methods for the detection of Listeria in foods using an enrichment modification of AOAC Official Method 999.06. The modified enrichment protocol was implemented to harmonize the VIDAS LIS assay with the VIDAS LMO2 assay. Five food types--brie cheese, vanilla ice cream, frozen green beans, frozen raw tilapia fish, and cooked roast beef--at 3 inoculation levels, were analyzed by each method. A total of 15 laboratories representing government and industry participated. In this study, 1206 test portions were tested, of which 1170 were used in the statistical analysis. There were 433 positive by the VIDAS LIS assay and 396 positive by the standard culture methods. A Chi-square analysis of each of the 5 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. The resulting average Chi square analysis, 0.42, indicated that, overall, there are no statistical differences between the VIDAS LIS assay and the standard methods at the 5% level of significance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[3-wheeled and 4-wheeled all-terrain vehicles: unstable and dangerous vehicles].

We present the results of a questionnaire completed by 526 victims of accidents involving three- and four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles. All victims were treated at the emergency departments of 10 regional hospitals in Quebec. In 70% of cases, the vehicles overturned. Two thirds of victims were injured in accidents without collision, typically involving overturns on level ground or hills. We suggest accident reconstruction research as a means of identifying engineering solutions as one element in an injury control approach.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analyses of coping responses and adjustment: stability of conclusions.

This study was conducted to determine the stability of conclusions derived from analyses of different ways of scoring coping responses in relation to the adjustment of subjects who had survived a burn injury. As part of a larger study of adjustment to burn injury, 260 adults who had sustained a burn injury over a 12-year period consented to complete the Billings and Moos Coping Responses Scale (CRS; Moos, Cronkite, Billings, & Finney, 1984) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS; Deragotis & Lopez, 1983). A clinician made a global assessment of each subject's adjustment. Three ways of scoring the CRS were used for analyses: Method and Foci of coping (Indices of Coping Responses), as suggested by Moos et al. (1984), new factor analysis, and separate responses. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of each of these with three different outcomes of adjustment (PAIS, global clinical judgment scores, and the PAIS psychological distress component) gave consistent results. The more adjusted burn survivors used more problem-solving coping responses and fewer avoidance responses. The two responses in the individual multiple regression analysis gave a higher correlation than the factor or index descriptors. These two responses correlated well with all three adjustment outcomes, r = .49, .37, and .47. The relationship between coping behavior and adjustment to illness was not sensitive to the different ways of scoring the CRS.

Adaptation, Psychological↗