Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Brodin

Publications and source records attributed to B Brodin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prostaglandin E2 release from dermis regulates sodium permeability of frog skin epithelium.

In the present study we have compared the effects of increased intracellular Ca2+ in whole frog skin and isolated epithelium (Rana temporaria). Cellular Ca2+ was increased by the use of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin. Serosal addition of thapsigargin to the whole frog skin increased the Na+ transport by increasing the apical Na+ permeability. This could be blocked by the addition of indomethacin or by removal of Ca2+ from the serosal solution. The increase in Na+ transport was accompanied by an increased prostaglandin E2 release. This indicated that the response in Na+ transport was due to a Ca2+ dependent activation of the prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Addition of thapsigargin to isolated epithelia inhibited the Na+ transport and had no effect on the prostaglandin E2 release, though the prostaglandin E2 release from the isolated epithelia could be increased by the addition of arachidonic acid. Addition of prostaglandin E2 increased the cAMP contents of the isolated epithelia significantly, whereas thapsigargin had no significant effect on the cAMP level. Our results demonstrate that serosal addition of thapsigargin causes a release of prostaglandin E2 from the dermis below the transporting epithelium. The prostaglandin E2 diffuses to the epithelium where it activates the Na+ transport by increasing cellular cAMP. The epithelium itself does not contribute significantly to the prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Furthermore an increase in intracellular Ca2+ in the epithelial cells without a concomitant increase in prostaglandin E2 release leads to an inhibition of the active Na(+)-transport.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1994

EBV infection of B-CLL cells in vitro potentiates their allostimulatory capacity if accompanied by acquisition of the activated phenotype.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) stimulate autologous T lymphocytes in vitro. This T-cell response is independent of the EBV-specific cellular memory because it also occurs in experiments with cells of seronegative individuals. The question can be posed whether the T-cell-stimulatory potential of the LCL is coupled to its immortalized state. B-CLL cells were exploited to study this question because the majority of clones, represented by different patients, can be infected with EBV but they rarely become immortalized. We have investigated the phenotypic changes and the T-cell-stimulatory capacity of EBV-infected B-CLL cells. One aliquot of CLL cells was infected with EBV, another was activated with a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus (SAC), IL-2 and the supernatant from the T-cell hybridoma MP6 (activation mixture, AcMx) and the third aliquot received both treatments. In accordance with the individual features of the clonal populations represented by each patient, the immunophenotypic changes imposed by these treatments differed. With the samples of 3 patients the allo-stimulatory potential showed the following ranking order: EBV and AcMx-treated cells > AcMx-treated > EBV-infected. An analysis of several activation-related surface markers and adhesion molecules on the cells did not reveal any association between their expression and the EBV-imposed potentiation of allostimulatory capacity. These results may be extrapolated to EBV-genome-carrying normal B cells, suggesting that they can persist in vivo only as long as they have the resting phenotype. Once they are activated, these cells may be recognized and eliminated by T lymphocytes.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

Intracellular calcium modulates basolateral K(+)-permeability in frog skin epithelium.

Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) has been suggested as a key modulator in the regulation of active sodium transport across electrically "tight" (high resistance) epithelia. In this study we investigated the effects of calcium on cellular electrophysiological parameters in a classical model tissue, the frog skin. [Ca2+]i was measured with fura-2 in an epifluorescence microscope setup. An inhibition of basolateral potassium permeability was observed when cytosolic calcium was increased. This inhibition was reversible upon removal of calcium from the serosal solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Small transepithelial osmotic gradients affect apical sodium permeability in frog skin.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of small, unilateral changes in solution osmolarity on active sodium transport and cellular electrophysiological parameters in frog skin. The active sodium transport across the skin was measured as the amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current (Isc) and cellular potential was monitored with microelectrodes, while small (+/- 20 mOsm) osmotic gradients were imposed on the skin. Increasing the osmolarity of the apical bathing solution (or decreasing the osmolarity of the basolateral solution) increased ISC, lowered tissue resistance (R), depolarized the cellular potential and decreased the fractional resistance of the apical membrane, which indicates an increased apical sodium permeability. Conversely, a similar increase in basolateral osmolarity (or a decrease in apical osmolarity) lowered the Isc, increased R, hyperpolarized the cells and increased the fractional resistance of the apical membrane, indicating a decrease in apical sodium permeability. The results indicate that the osmotic gradient across the skin, rather than solution osmolarity as such, is responsible for the observed changes in Isc and apical sodium permeability after small osmotic perturbations.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1992

For Pete's sake.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Christianity↗
PubMed1992

Hospital staff members are satisfied with their jobs.

Job related satisfaction was evaluated by registered nurses, physicians, nurse assistants and aids at an internal medicine clinic at a university hospital in Sweden. A questionnaire concerning cooperation, work load, support, independence and other work related factors was developed and filled out by 153 individuals. The results mostly show high job satisfaction in all professional groups. Nevertheless, nearly half of the staff wanted to quit their jobs. Those who planned to leave their jobs perceived themselves as less satisfied with such factors as cooperation, job complexity, help received from superiors and sufficient time for care delivery, than did those who did not plan to quit. The differences were most evident in the group of registered nurses. The head nurse appeared to have an important supportive function. In conclusion, the results suggest that a supportive organization might reduce personnel turnover in hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of fibronectin concentration in benign and malignant ascites.

Fifty-eight consecutive patients who were admitted to two departments of general surgery with ascites of unknown origin were investigated by measurement of ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration in a prospective study. A fibronectin concentration of 100 ml/l or more was chosen as indicative of malignant disease. In 40 patients with malignant disease, the median fibronectin concentration was 160 mg/l (interquartile range 120-270, range 20-560). In 18 patients with ascites from benign disease the corresponding figures were 40 mg/l (30-70, 20-90) (p less than 0.01). The diagnostic specificity (predictive value of a positive test) was 1.00 (34/34) (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.00), while the diagnostic sensitivity (predictive value of a negative test) was 0.75 (18/24) (95% CI 0.53 to 0.90). In this series an ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration of 100 mg/l or more indicated malignant disease, but a lower value did not exclude it. The test should be investigated in combination with another test with high diagnostic sensitivity to optimise its diagnostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kallikrein systems in sepsis: relation to outcome.

Fatal multiple organ failure after severe infection may be related to an early activation of protease cascade systems. This study aimed to relate changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kallikrein to shock and outcome. Of 53 patients with severe infection, 30 did not develop shock, 12 survived septic shock, and 11 died from organ failure after septic shock. No patient had overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. We measured 17 components of the coagulation/fibrinolysis/kallikrein pathways on admission and on the next 2 days. High values for fibrinogen, factor VIII:C, von Willebrand factor antigen, and D-dimer were seen in all patients; factor XII, prekallikrein, factor VII, antithrombin, protein C, and fibronectin were low. The patients thus appeared to be hypercoagulable. These disturbances were more pronounced in septic shock survivors, who also had low plasminogen and antiplasmin, indicating ongoing fibrinolysis. Nonsurvivors of sepsis were distinguished mainly by high plasminogen activator inhibitor values; this suggests an impaired functional fibrinolysis in fatal sepsis, with possible therapeutic implications. Cryoprecipitate infusion increased the fibronectin concentration, but did not influence the other factors studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Elevated levels of plasma hyaluronan in septicaemia.

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is normally rapidly cleared from the circulation by the endothelial cells in the liver sinuoids, which make up part of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). An impaired RES function in severe infection and sepsis might therefore lead to elevated hyaluronan plasma levels. Thus, plasma concentrations of hyaluronan were analysed in 44 patients with severe infection at onset of disease and twice during the following 2-3 days. The patients were divided with respect to severity of disease; no septic shock (n = 29), group 1), septic shock survivors (n = 7, group 2), and septic shock non-survivors (n = 8, group 3). Patients in group 1 showed significantly higher values of plasma hyaluronan on day 1 (p less than 0.05) compared with controls. There was no significant difference on the following two sampling occasions. Patients with septic shock (groups 2 and 3) showed higher values than both controls (p less than 0.001) and patients with severe infection without septic shock (group 1, p less than 0.001) at all three sampling occasions. Non-survivors of septic shock (group 3) had significantly higher values than survivors (group 2), (p less than 0.01-0.05). Septic shock, and especially fatal septic shock, thus appears to be associated with elevated plasma hyaluronan concentrations. Possible mechanisms might be an increased release of the polysaccharide from the interstitial space to the bloodstream, or a decreased rate of clearance by liver endothelial cells. This question demands further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cryoprecipitate infusion fails to improve organ function in septic shock.

Plasma fibronectin may be of critical importance for the septic patient through its proposed function as the major opsonin for macrophage clearance of circulating, noncellular debris. As a rule, critically ill, septic patients are depleted of fibronectin. In earlier uncontrolled studies, infusion of fibronectin-rich cryoprecipitate had resulted in improved renal and pulmonary functions and changes in peripheral hemodynamics. In this controlled study, 32 septic ICU patients (mean initial fibronectin level = 60% of normal) received cryoprecipitate or control infusions. Although the fibronectin level was significantly elevated to the normal range in the cryoprecipitate group, no effects were seen in hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, or lung and kidney functions. Our results indicate that this form of fibronectin therapy does not influence the impaired organ function in septic shock.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of epidural blockade on postoperative plasma fibronectin concentrations.

To investigate the influence of neurogenic and hormonal stimuli during and after surgery on plasma fibronectin levels, 16 females undergoing cholecystectomy were studied. Eight patients received general anaesthesia, and eight also received a thoracic epidural block with local anaesthetic, which was maintained for 24 h postoperatively. The epidural group had significantly lower plasma levels of adrenaline and cortisol than the general anaesthesia group in the postoperative period. The previously well-documented early decrease in plasma fibronectin concentration following surgery was observed, and was essentially parallel with that of albumin, pre-albumin and thyroid hormones, with no differences between the groups. However, the restoration of the fibronectin level was slower in the epidural group, with significantly lower values as compared with controls at 48 and 72 h after surgery (p less than 0.01-0.001). It was concluded that the post-traumatic plasma fibronectin decrease is not mediated by neurogenic or adrenal stimuli. Such stimuli may, however, influence the subsequent restoration of the plasma fibronectin concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Plasma fibronectin concentration in suspected septicaemia is related to severity of sepsis.

Low plasma fibronectin levels have been reported in patients with septic complications following surgery, major trauma or burn injury. Our purpose was to evaluate fibronectin in suspected septicaemia and its relationship to severity of infection and clinical outcome. In 51 consecutive patients with infection classified as mild (group A), severe (group B) or severe complicated by septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation or multiple organ failure (group C), the respective mean initial fibronectin concentrations were 85% +/- 10 (SD), 55% +/- 15 and 44% +/- 13 of the reference mean (0.35 g/l). In statistical analysis the groups differed significantly from each other and from controls. All 11 patients with mild infection had fibronectin values above the lower reference limit, which was 60%, whereas in 15 of 16 group C patients and all seven fatal cases in that group the initial fibronectin values were below 60%. Plasma fibronectin rose with clinical improvement, but remained low in patients with persisting septicaemia. The results confirmed earlier reports of low fibronectin levels in septic states, and indicate that low concentration is of prognostic value and is related to the severity of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A hemodynamic profile diagram and its application in septic patients.

A physiologic profile is presented in the form of a circular diagram, in which hemodynamic parameters, oxygen uptake and arterial lactate are displayed on 12 radial spokes. Results are presented as per cent of reference values. In the normal state the profile will be evenly circular, while different circulatory disturbances present typical patterns. This is shown in serial measurements on 12 septic patients, who displayed increases in cardiac output, oxygen metabolism, stroke volume, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and arterial lactate, while pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances were decreased. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that systemic vascular resistance was the best early discriminator between survivors and non-survivors. The hemodynamogram offers a compact and easily understood presentation of data, which makes it possible to follow the course of the disease and provides a diagnostic and didactic tool.

Adult↗