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Biomedical subjects

B Björkner

Publications and source records attributed to B Björkner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from ethyl cyanoacrylate.

Glues based on cyanoacrylates are widely used as contact adhesives for metal, glass, rubber, plastics and textiles, as well for biological materials, including binding tissues and sealing wounds in surgery. In this paper, an apprentice cobbler with an occupational allergic contact dermatitis from an ethyl cyanoacrylate glue, in which the major monomer was shown to be the sensitizer, is reported. Initial patch testing with the cyanoacrylate glue dissolved in acetone with the Finn Chamber (aluminium) technique yielded false-negative reactions. Positive test reactions were obtained with the same preparations using Van der Bend chambers. With petrolatum as vehicle for the glue, there was no difference between Finn Chamber technique and Van der Bend chamber technique. The role of aluminium in the false-negative reactions is discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Skin testing with gold sodium thiomalate and gold sodium thiosulfate.

Recently gold sodium thiosulfate was found to be the most common sensitizer after nickel sulfate in our routinely patch tested dermatitis patients. When patients hypertensive to gold sodium thiosulfate were tested with another monovalent gold salt, gold sodium thiomalate, at equimolar concentrations, in principle, no positive reactions were obtained. Gold sodium thiomalate is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, a treatment with a high frequency of adverse skin reactions. To investigate whether the reactivity difference between the 2 gold salts was due to differences in bioavailability, some experiments were carried out. Intracutaneous tests with the 2 gold salts at equimolar concentrations yielded equivalent reactions. When the concentration of gold sodium thiomalate for epicutaneous testing was increased, all 12 gold-allergic patients reacted positively. Therefore, in our department, contact allergy to gold sodium thiomalate is probably as common as contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1995

The development and course of test reactions to gold sodium thiosulfate.

In our department, gold sodium thiosulfate has become the 2nd most common allergen in routinely patch tested dermatitis patients, with a rate around 10%. Test reactions to this compound often appear late, sometimes so late that active sensitization may be suspected. This study was performed to study the time course of the allergic reaction to gold sodium thiosulfate and to elucidate whether late test reactions mean active sensitization. 10 patients with contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate (0.5% pet.) were retested epicutaneously (e.c.) and intracutaneously (i.c.) with dilution series. The clinical course was followed for 2 months with initially short intervals, later more extended. During the entire study, 26 positive e.c. reactions were diagnosed. Within the 1st week, 17 (65%) were recorded. 12 reactions (46% of 26) were noted at the ordinary reading, 3 days after test application. After 10 days, another 9 reactions (35%) appeared. The patients with the latter reactions also had positive test reactions within the 1st week. After 2 months, 9 reactions remained. Out of 30 i.c. tests applied, 25 became positive within 1 week. 19 (76%) of these reactions changed in morphology from thin infiltrates to deep nodules. Another 4 nodules appeared in patients with previous negative i.c. tests. All 23 nodules remained after 2 months. E.c. and i.c. test reactions to gold sodium thiosulfate are long-lasting. Positive patch test reactions emerging after 10 days do not automatically imply active sensitization. To diagnose contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate, the ordinary reading at day 3 is insufficient; even reading at 1 week is insufficient and must be supplemented by a reading at 3 weeks. All the i.c. test reactions, however, appeared within 1 week and, in several, a dermal nodule was formed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Clinical relevance of contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate.

BACKGROUND: In our routinely patch tested patients with dermatitis gold was shown to be the second most common sensitizer. In most patients it was difficult to explain the source of sensitization to gold and to see any clinical relevance. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to elucidate the clinical relevance of contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate. METHODS: A questionnaire on gold exposure and gold sensitivity was answered by 156 consecutive patients with dermatitis. In another group of 1056 routinely tested patients data were collected and analyzed regarding factors such as profession, atopy, localization of the dermatitis, and presence of contact allergies. RESULTS: Gold allergy was overrepresented in those having dental gold. In persons with contact allergy to gold a dermatitis on the ears, fingers, or eye area was most frequent. CONCLUSION: Exposure to gold jewelry and to dental gold may be important in the sensitization and elicitation of dermatitis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

High frequency of contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate. An indication of gold allergy?

When gold sodium thiosulfate was added to the patch test standard series, positive reactions were obtained in 8.6% of 823 consecutive patients with suspect contact allergy. The test reactions were clinically of an allergic type and, in several cases, long-lasting. There was no correlation with other allergens in the standard series. In a special study on 38 patients with contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate, the following principal findings were obtained: positive patch tests to the compound itself in dilute concentration; positive patch tests to potassium dicyanoaurate; negative patch tests to gold sodium thiomalate, sodium thiosulfate, and metallic gold; positive intradermal tests to gold sodium thiosulfate. Our findings make gold sodium thiosulfate the 2nd most common contact allergen after nickel sulfate. It is suggested that a positive skin test to gold sodium thiosulfate represents gold allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The histological and immunohistochemical pattern of positive patch test reactions to gold sodium thiosulfate.

Gold sodium thiosulfate, inserted in the patch test standard series, gives a surprisingly high yield of positive reactions, about 10% of tested eczema patients, but with a low degree of clinical relevance. A histopathological study on patch test reactions was carried out in patients selected because of a combined contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate and nickel. Biopsies were taken from macroscopically similar reactions in dilution series of each allergen. The histological picture was clearly eczematous, without irritative features. In a blind comparison, test reactions induced by the two allergens could not be differentiated from each other. Long-lasting patch test reactions to gold sodium thiosulfate were characterized by an intense lymphocytic dermal infiltrate without epidermal involvement. Immunohistochemically, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes could be detected already 4-8 h post-challenge, and "naive" as well as "memory"-type T cells were demonstrated. Apparently, our findings reflect a true contact allergy to gold sodium thiosulfate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Contact allergy to a fatty acid ester component of cutting fluids.

6 patients employed in the metalworking industry developed a hand dermatitis after exposure to a vegetable-oil-based cutting fluid. After thorough investigation, including patch testing with components in the cutting fluid as well as an oil and cutting fluid series, contact allergy was demonstrated to a fatty acid ester EM-550 in the cutting fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Contact allergy to Duraphat.

Skin-sensitizing rosin is present in Duraphat, a fluoride varnish used all over the world. Two cases of hypersensitivity to Duraphat are presented: a dental nurse with dermatitis of the hand and a patient with allergic contact stomatitis.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1991

Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI). A European multicentre study.

The frequency of positive reactions to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI) were studied at 22 European contact dermatitis clinics over a period of 1 year. A total of 4713 patients participated. All the patients were patch tested with nickel sulphate, formaldehyde, paraben-mix, and MCI/MI. 19.4% of the patients had positive patch tests to nickel, making this the most common allergen. 3% of the patients reacted to 100 ppm MCI/MI, while 2.6% reacted to formaldehyde and 1.1% to parabens. There was great variation in the frequency of MCI/MI sensitivity among the 22 centres. MCI/MI contact allergy was most common among women and in patients with facial dermatitis, while it was rarely seen in patients with dermatitis on the lower legs. There were no fluctuations in the number of positive patch tests to MCI/MI on a monthly basis when the results from all centres were combined. 117 of the 141 MCI/MI sensitized patients included in the study were retested. 88% had positive patch tests when retested. 101 of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled product use test. This test showed that 31% of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients had a positive reaction to a MCI/MI-preserved product. Only a few patients reacted to a control product. It is concluded that the preservative MCI/MI is an important new contact allergen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Contact allergy to the UV-absorber Tinuvin P in plastics.

Contact allergy to the UV-absorber 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (Tinuvin P) was revealed in a patient with wrist dermatitis caused by a plastic watch strap. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and subsequent chemical analysis showed the presence of Tinuvin P in the watch strap. The possibility of cross-reactions between Tinuvin P and various substituted benzotriazole compounds was investigated. No cross-reactions were found.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon CG.

Of 976 patients routinely patch tested with Kathon CG (Rohm & Haas), 300 ppm, 43 (4.4%) gave a positive reaction. Of 170 patients routinely tested with Kathon CG 250 ppm, 10 (5.9%) gave a positive reaction. Out of 34 patients tested with serial dilutions of Kathon CG, 17 (50%) reacted to 100 ppm, 8 to 30 ppm and 2 to 10 ppm. The concentration of 1000 ppm of Kathon CG was irritant in some cases, but 300 ppm was not irritant. Of the 976 patients tested with Kathon CG 300 ppm, 8 (0.8%) showed a "flare-up" reaction, indicating patch test sensitization. Of the 170 tested with Kathon CG 250 ppm, 2 (1.2%) were sensitized. When the patch-test-sensitized patients were retested with serial dilutions, they showed the same pattern as the other patients. 13 sensitized patients were use tested and 7 (54%) gave responses. In the literature, Kathon CG 100 ppm is recommended as the routine patch test concentration. However, 50% of the sensitive persons may then be overlooked. In our clinics, Kathon CG has become the second most common contact sensitizer, but the sensitivity cannot be traced in all patients with clinically relevant allergy without an unacceptable risk of patch test sensitization.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of Kathon CG in some commercial products.

The preservative Kathon CG has become one of the most common sensitizers. It has, however, been difficult to explain the sensitization and to assess the clinical relevance of the contact allergy, partly due to lack of specification of the preservative in products. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to demonstrate Kathon CG in 123 commercial products of both "leave on" and "rinse off" types. 38 of these contained Kathon CG in the range of 1-15 ppm of active ingredients. There were no differences between "leave on" and "rinse off" products concerning the relative number of products containing Kathon CG and the concentrations of the preservative.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

Sensitizing potential of urethane (meth)acrylates in the guinea pig.

Urethane (meth)acrylates are used as prepolymers in ultraviolet-curable inks, varnishes and coating formulations for industrial purposes as well as resins for dental applications. The sensitizing capacity of 3 commonly used urethane (meth)acrylates was investigated using the guinea pig maximization test. The study shows that an aliphatic urethane acrylate is not only a more potent sensitizer than an aromatic one, but also more sensitizing than a (meth)acrylated aliphatic urethane.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1984

The sensitizing capacity of multifunctional acrylates in the guinea pig.

The multifunctional acrylates used in ultraviolet (UV) curable resins act as cross-linkers and "diluents". They are usually based on di(meth)acrylate esters of dialcohols or tri- and tetra-acrylate esters of polyalcohols. In UV-curable coatings, the most commonly used are pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA). In other uses, such as dental composite resin materials, the dimethacrylic monomers based on n-ethylene glycol are the most useful. The sensitizing capacity of various multifunctional acrylates and their cross-reactivity pattern have been investigated with the guinea pig maximization test. The tests show that BUDA (1,4-butanediol diacrylate) and HDDA are moderate to strong sensitizers and that they probably cross-react with each other. The n-ethylene glycol diacrylates and methacrylates tested are weak or non-sensitizers. Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) is a moderate and neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA) a strong sensitizer, whereas neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate is a non-sensitizer. The commercial PETA is a mixture of pentaerythritol tri- and tetra-acrylate (PETA-3 and PETA-4). PETA-3 is a much stronger sensitizer than PETA-4. Simultaneous reactions were seen between PETA-3, PETA-4 and TMPTA. The oligotriacrylate OTA 480 is a moderate sensitizer, but no concomitant reactions were seen with PETA-3, PETA-4 or TMPTA. Of the multifunctional acrylates tested, the di- and triacrylic compounds should be regarded as potent sensitizers. The methacrylated multifunctional acrylic compounds are weak or non-sensitizers.

Acrylates↗