[Ergopsychometry. New methods in experimental psychodiagnosis of pathologic stress reactions].
Ergopsychometry--testing under physiological and/or psychological stress--has proved to be increasingly successful in recent years. In particular in sports psychology, in which only physiological stress had been considered, have experimental results been successfully implemented into practice. The fact that some subjects appear unchanged or even yield better results under stress than under stress-free conditions applies not only to physiological stress, but also holds true for psychological stress. These results have consequences for the experimental psychodiagnoses of pathological stress reactions, e.g., with alcoholics or psychosomatic patients. Proceeding from the above hypothesis we investigated 20 gamma-alcoholics (so-called relieve drinkers) and 20 psychosomatic inpatients under stress-free as well as under stress conditions, according to the ergopsychometric approach. The control group consisted of 23 subjects matched with respect to age, sex, and profession. We used a test battery to assess concentration, memory, and choice-reaction as well as the subjective state of activation, stress-coping-mechanisms, and self-concepts. Essentially, the validity of ergopsychometric designs was confirmed by our results. In accordance with our expectations, 27.5% of the experimental group showed increasing efficiency scores, compared to 56.5% in the control group. Possible explanations for the findings can be derived from the assessment of subjective activity, but not from of the personality questionnaires.