Paneth cells containing zinc-rich granules were found in the small intestine of 6-day-old rats. These cells were more numerous in older animals and were consistently most common in the distal ileum. The zinc content of granules from 10-day-old rats was similar to that found in adults (ca 300 mg atoms/kg dry weight) but no calcium could be detected. An injection of cortisone acetate at 5 days resulted in a premature increase in the numbers of Paneth cells in 10-day-old rats. The cell granules contained normal, adult levels of zinc, a calcium concentration of ca 400 mg atoms/kg dry weight and also an increased concentration of phosphorus.

Aging↗

PubMed1986

Controlling hospital cost inflation: new perspectives on state rate setting.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cost Control↗

PubMed1984

Tracheobronchial gland profiles in four segmental airways.

Previously described methods of measuring the amount of submucous gland in the trachea and bronchi have various disadvantages. These have been overcome by a method in which area point counting has been used to obtain a new unit, Vgl mm3/mm2, the volume of gland per unit airway surface area; Vgl has been obtained for the trachea, the main and lobar bronchi, and for successive airway generations down 4 segmental bronchi (the left lingular , the left anterior basal, the right middle medial, and the right anterior basal) from 3 nonsmokers, and presented in profile form. The profiles have a distinctive shape, not previously appreciated, with a rise to a proximal peak and then a striking fall to low Vgl values in the subsegmental bronchi. The shape of the profile is intriguing, but at present the information required to answer the questions it raises is not available. As there were no significant differences between the profiles of the 4 airways in the individual subjects, any one of the 4 airways may be chosen to give a representative profile for an individual subject.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Hospital cost inflation under state rate-setting programs.

Evaluations of the early phases of state efforts to control hospital costs led to discouraging conclusions about the effectiveness of such programs. To determine whether cost regulation has improved since then, we compared the experience of the six states that have comprehensive, legally mandated hospital rate-setting programs with that of the states without such programs during the period from 1970 to 1978. During the last three years of this period, the average annual rate of increase in hospital costs in rate-setting states has been 11.2 per cent, as compared with an average annual rate of increase of 14.3 per cent in states without such programs (P < 0.05). We conclude that much of the initial pessimism regarding the effectiveness of hospital rate-setting programs, based on studies that covered earlier reporting periods, may be unwarranted.

Cost Control↗

PubMed1980

Bronchial gland histochemistry in lungs removed for cancer.

The bronchial glands in the main bronchus and succeeding generations of the inferior lingular airway have ben studied in 10 left lungs removed surgically for lung cancer. The ratios of sulphated to sialidated mucin found did not coincide with previous results and suggested that this is not a useful measurement for the assessment of cigarette smoke or other inhaled pollutants. The total acid mucin, measured as a percentage of bronchial gland present, showed the same trends as previously reported--namely, more storage of mucin in non-smokers and in more distal generations. The large dose of cigarettes smoked by the patients in the present series was reflected by a lower level of acid mucin storage, and this measure is potentially useful for assessing exposure to cigarette smoke and other inhaled pollutants. The percentages of mucous and serous cells in successive generations of an airway are recorded for the first time in these smokers and in a "normal" postmortem specimen. The results suggest that similar proportions of mucous and serous cells exist in both large and small airways, but with a tendency in the smokers for more mucous cells in the more distal generations.

Aged↗

PubMed1974