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Biomedical subjects

B Bertrand

Publications and source records attributed to B Bertrand.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A rare complication of thoracic radiotherapy: auriculoventricular block. Apropos of a case and review of the literature].

The authors report the case of a 30-year old patient who presented atrioventricular block 12 years after mediastinal radiation treatment of Hodgkin's disease. This patient had been monitored in the service for 3 years after the insertion of a pacemaker. A review of the literature, identified 15 cases of post-radiation AV block. The AV block was subnodal in the 7 cases which were subjected to endocavitary recording.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cloning and regulation of a mRNA specifically expressed in the preadipose state.

A cDNA library of Ob1771 preadipocytes was constructed, and a cDNA clone designated pOb24 was isolated by differential screening. The pOb24 mRNA, 6 kilobases in length, rose sharply in early differentiating Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A cells and decreased thereafter. In mouse adipose tissue, it was present at a high level in stromal-vascular cells (containing adipose precursor cells) and at a low level in mature adipocytes. Thus, pOb24 mRNA appears to be both in vitro and in vivo an unique marker of the preadipose state, i.e. of cell commitment during adipose cell differentiation. In contrast to glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, the emergence of pOb24 mRNA in Ob1771 cells required neither growth hormone or triiodothyronine as obligatory hormones nor insulin as a modulating hormone. Comparative studies of the expression of pOb24 and dihydrofolate reductase genes during the cell cycle suggest that arrest at the G1/S boundary was critical for the entry into the preadipose state. Tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta were able to induce a large decrease of pOb24 mRNA level in growth-arrested Ob1771 cells. This decrease was shown to be only confined to early differentiating, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase negative cells as no decrease of pOb24 mRNA level was observed in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase positive cells. This result suggests that signals generated by tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta have no effect on a commitment-related gene in late differentiated cells.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Regulation of gene expression by insulin in adipose cells: opposite effects on adipsin and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase genes.

Insulin is known to play the role of a positive effector both in vitro on the adipose conversion process and in vivo on the fatty acid synthesis and esterification processes in adipose tissue. The effects of insulin on the expression of two genes activated during adipose conversion, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and adipsin genes, have been investigated in 3T3 F442A adipose cells. Within a physiological range of concentrations, insulin exerts opposite effects on the levels of GPDH (EC50 approximately 0.2 nM) and adipsin (EC50 approximately 1 nM) mRNAs. Its negative effect on the abundance of adipsin mRNA involves primarily a rapid inhibition of the transcriptional rate (less than 2 h). Its positive effect on the abundance of GPDH mRNA is due to a stimulation of the transcriptional rate accompanied by a delayed stabilization of GPDH mRNA. In addition, insulin exerts a specific effect on the length of the poly(A) tract of the adipsin mRNA. These results show that a single mechanism for the regulation of adipose-related genes by insulin can be excluded but rather suggest a complex phenomenon in which various levels of regulation take place.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of parietal lesions using magnetic resonance imaging in arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle].

Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia were explored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using the spin-echo technique (TR = the patient's own RR cycle; TE = 28 ms, 56 ms, 84 ms) with multiple, contiguous, 7 to 10 mm thick sections performed in two planes: axial plus sagittal or frontal planes. In 5 out of 7 patients, MRI showed dysplastic lesions in the right ventricular wall presenting typically as fat-like high signals contrasting with the normal myocardium. In 2 patients, no lesion was clearly visualized. The parietal lesions were located in the anterior wall of the right ventricle and conus arteriosus in 5 cases and in the lower wall of the right ventricle in one patient who had two dysplastic areas. In 3 patients the lesions extended up to the tip of the interventricular septum and of the left ventricle. In the 2 patients whose lesions were most extensive, their predominance in the subepicardial region and the concordance between the sites of abnormalities at MRI and angiography were clearly observed. Thus, despite its present technical limitations MRI seems to be one of the first techniques capable of visualizing the parietal lesions in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Lymphoma of the nasal sinus].

Three cases of malignant lymphoma involving the nose and/or the sinusal cavities are reported and discussed. An overview of the literature is made and some facts of theoretical and practical interest are pointed out, about diagnostic classification, staging, prognosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical application of intermediate spectrum analysis of the voice. Preliminary study].

Until now, the objective examination of the voice quality has remained confined to the laboratory. The coming out of the Brüel and Kjaer 2033 type high-resolution voice frequency analyzer led us now to realize a rapid recording and easy reading of the fundamental frequency and of the main harmonics. An objective document can thus be filed as a comparison before and after treatment. The recording relates to the intensity in terms of the frequency. The intensity is principally investigated in the linear mode, that is, in mv. The frequency is usually recorded from 0 to 1000 Hz so that one can observe the first harmonics. The retained tests in addition to the intensity and the frequency peaks are the peak enlargement, the hooks and the parasite vocal sounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Correction of a glottis gap by injection of collagen. Apropos of 25 cases].

Results of treatment of patulous glottis by injection of collagen are discussed. The technique used differs little from that in which Teflon is employed, the difference being that the collagen paste is injected into Reinke's space. The quantity deposited varies between 1 and 1.5 cm3. Twenty-five patients had been treated in this way by April 1986, the longest follow up being for 19 months (mean: 9.5 months). The compound presents remarkable tolerance and no complication has been noted up to the present. Results were at least equal to those obtained using Teflon. Vocal quality was evaluated, apart from by vocal recordings, by analysis of vocal spectrum and objective measurements such as phonatory quotient and output. Results appear to be stable and although some reduction in quantity injected was noted most of the collagen becomes living tissue by colonization with host tissue. Availability of new generations of collagen such as that crosslinked at 35 mg/ml will probably resolve definitely the problem of persistence of results.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the larynx. Apropos of a case].

In connection with a recent observation of laryngeal lymphoma, we have looked through the literature and listed 79 cases. Preferentially, these are male subjects over fifty years of age. The symptoms are slowly progressive dyspnea and unilateral otalgia. Laryngoscopy shows a smooth-surfaced tumour, regular in shape and pinkish grey in colour, generally localized at the supra-glottic level. Therapeutic strategy is closely linked with histologic investigation and the stages of progression. Treatment is based on radiotherapy to the affected area, associated with chemotherapy in the case of extralaryngeal lymphomatous involvement. While prognosis remains good in the case of an isolated laryngeal attack, it is less so in the case of multiple localization.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Laryngeal manifestations of sarcoidosis].

The diagnosis, in our department, of two cases of sarcoidosis involving the larynx has brought us to carry out an exhaustive review of the literature. One hundred and four cases of sarcoidosis involvement of the larynx have been found, 3 of these causing paralysis of the vocal cords. To these we add our own cases: one with vocal cord paralysis and one with upper glottic attack. The pathogenesis is recalled. The clinical, biological and anatomo-pathological manifestations are set out in detail. The various therapeutic proposals are recalled. Basic treatment depends on systemic corticotherapy at a dosage of 30-80 mg of prednisone throughout several months. We use the CO2 laser to destroy the obstructive laryngeal lesions. We recommend endoscopic arytenoidectomy by CO2 laser in cases of paralysis of the vocal cord dilators where the quality of the voice is essential and the physical demands slight. In contrast, where respiratory ventilation must be given importance, King's arytenoidopexy is to be preferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Exploration of glottic function before and after injection of collagen for rehabilitation of the vocal cord.

After more than one year's use of injectable collagen for vocal and glottic rehabilitation, the subjective and objective results have been presented for a series of 18 patients, 17 of whom had paralysis of one vocal cord, while one patient had a post-traumatic atrophy of the left cord. The assessment is based on rigid and flexible fibroscopy, stroboscopy, the objective phonatory assessment with measurement of the phonatory quotient and mean flow rate, EMG of the vocal cords and frequential analysis of the voice. Apart from the improvement in the phonatory quotients and outputs after injection, the noteworthy results have been the persistence of flexibility and undulation in the cord injected, visible by stroboscopy, and also the reappearance of the fundamental and 2 or 3 first harmonics on frequential analysis of the voice. The mean follow-up was 6.5 months, with a maximum of 14 months and minimum of 1 month. At the medium term, injectable collagen would appear to be a worthwhile alternative to Teflon because of its simplicity of use, its very great tolerance and the quality of the functional results obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Usefulness and limitations of sinus echography in the child.

The authors report their preliminary experience in B-mode maxillary sinus echography. The experience takes into account a series of 52 sinuses of children under 10. The study revealed that maxillary sinus echography is a rapid, harmless and quite specific method (i.e. a method which reports few false positives when the existence of possible artifactual echoes is not disregarded), sensitive for secretions, less sensitive for polyps and mucosal thickenings, mainly posterior ones. The method is hampered by the presence of the anterior bone wall, which creates artifacts and thus false positives; yet, it is probably in the child where this handicap is the smallest since normally, in the child, the bone wall is the thinnest. Echography appears to be a really complementary method for radiology, but--according to this preliminary experience, at least--it cannot still pretend to act as a substitute for it. The reproducibility of the method and its reliability, among others in relation to sinusoscopy, are still to be investigated with more accuracy.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Study of lymphoid tissue in paediatric ENT practice.

This study comprises 2 groups of children; allergic (18) and non-allergic (36), having undergone tonsillectomy, adenoïdectomy or both. The humoral immunity profile' bacteriology and neutrophile and eosinophile cell populations of the lymphoid tissues removed were compared. No significant difference was brought into evidence. The bacteriology of the two groups did however show a preponderance of Haemophilus influenzae. This would appear to be in contradiction to the generally accepted theories.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1984

Ciliary abnormalities in children (hockey-stick cilia). Study by scanning electron microscope. Report on three paediatric cases.

The authors report three cases of patients suffering from repeated infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Mucociliary clearance, measured in the nasal fossae by coloured indicators, is reduced. Both transmission and scanning electronic ultramicroscopic study of the vibratile cilia show a morphological malformation of "hockey-stick" appearance, while the structure of the exonemal microtubular apparatus is normal and complete. This morphological ciliary abnormality is held to be responsible for the respiratory pathology in the three cases observed.

Adolescent↗