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Biomedical subjects

B Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to B Bergman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The softness and initial flow of temporary soft lining materials.

The initial flow of four temporary soft lining materials was studied with a simple laboratory test procedure, using a parallel-plate plastimeter. The flow in a clinical situation was further investigated, together with a clinical assessment of softness. The results indicate that a 2-mm thickness of temporary soft lining material is considered suitable for use as a tissue conditioner. The thickness of lining material is influenced by the clinical technique and by the powder to liquid ratio; however, the scope for altering the ratio is limited.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1988

Mandibular bone resorption in patients treated with tissue-integrated prostheses and in complete-denture wearers.

Mandibular bone resorption was studied in patients treated with tissue-integrated prostheses (TIP) and in complete-denture wearers by distance and area measurements on cephalometric radiographs. The area measurements were performed by means of a computer. Two TIP groups with short and long periods (mean = 2.4 and 23.9 years) of edentulousness and wearing complete dentures before fixture installation were followed up over 7-8 years. Mandibular bone resorption was remarkably small behind the distally positioned fixtures in comparison with the corresponding region in complete-denture wearers. Patients with complete dentures showed a continuous resorption of the mandibular alveolar ridge over 21 years, even though there were great individual variations. The bone loss was most pronounced anteriorly and during the first 2 years after extraction of the residual teeth. It is concluded that treatment with tissue-integrated prostheses seems to reduce bone resorption in the mandible, probably owing to favorable load conditions and adequate stimulation of the bone.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1988

Smoking and effect of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer.

The relationship between smoking habits and outcome of treatment was studied in 154 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who received combination chemotherapy. Thirty-two patients had stopped smoking at least 6 months before the initiation of treatment or had never smoked (NS), 51 patients stopped smoking less than 6 months prior to the start of treatment (SS) and 71 patients continued to smoke during the treatment period (CS). Life table analysis of overall survival showed no significant heterogeneity among the groups (p greater than 0.7). Chi-square test for trend in survival yielded 0.23 (p greater than 0.6) with the longest survival in SS and CS patients, and the shortest survival in NS patients. Corresponding analysis of time to progression showed similar results, with a non-significant heterogeneity (p greater than 0.5) and trend (p greater than 0.4) among the three groups, with the CS patients doing best. In the whole series the disease-free two-year survival rate was higher in the CS patients than in the SS and NS patients (p = 0.04). The results do not imply that continued smoking during chemotherapy in SCLC has unfavourable effects on the outcome of treatment.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of residual urine volume during routine cystography and urography.

The residual urine volume after voiding was measured by a modified cardiac formula in patients who were examined by means of voiding cystography. The reliability of the formula was tested in an experimental situation. A high degree of accuracy in correlating computed volumes with instilled volumes was found.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Periodontal reactions related to removable partial dentures: a literature review.

In several clinical studies on RPDs, great attention was paid to the occurrence of reactions in periodontal tissues. Some early studies reported extensive periodontal breakdown, often a short time after insertion of a prosthesis. Other studies reported moderate or practically no harmful periodontal changes. In articles on causes of periodontal breakdown related to RPDs, the three main factors discussed were (1) plaque and oral hygiene, (2) coverage of the marginal gingivae by parts of an RPD, and (3) occlusal forces that are transmitted to the remaining teeth and their periodontal tissues by the prosthesis. Longitudinal studies have shown that it is possible for patients provided with RPDs to maintain good plaque control. If plaque control is established, and if the prostheses are regularly checked and indicated procedures performed, the forces transmitted to abutment teeth do not seem to induce periodontal breakdown. However, the scientific documentation about the effects of RPDs in patients with extremely reduced periodontium is scanty.

Denture, Partial, Removable↗
PubMed1987

Hormonal effects of cessation of estrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma.

Serum concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured before, and at 1, 12 and 24 months after cessation of long-term estrogen treatment (mean 8.7 years, range 4.3 to 13.1 years) in 14 patients with prostatic carcinoma but without metastases. In addition, the same hormones were measured before and up to 24 months after orchiectomy in 14 age-matched, previously untreated patients also without metastases. In long-term estrogen-treated patients serum concentrations of testosterone found at 1, 12 and 24 months after cessation of estrogen did not differ significantly either from the value before estrogen withdrawal or from the corresponding values found in age-matched patients after orchiectomy. The concentrations of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones increased significantly in the estrogen-treated patients after cessation of estrogen and in the age-matched patients after orchiectomy. However, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones were significantly lower in the patients after estrogen treatment than in the age-matched patients after orchiectomy. During the study period only 1 patient from the estrogen-treated group had clinical progression and he died of prostatic carcinoma. We conclude that long-term estrogen treatment causes impairment of Leydig cell function in patients with prostatic carcinoma and, as a result, the serum testosterone concentrations do not increase when that treatment is discontinued.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric morbidity and personality characteristics of battered women.

Forty-nine battered women attending a surgical emergency department were studied with regard to prior and current psychiatric morbidity, substance abuse and personality characteristics, and were compared with a control group. More battered women than controls had consulted a psychiatrist and half of them were classified as heavy consumers of alcohol. One third of the assaulted women were found to be depressed, compared to 6% of the controls. The groups also differed in respect of muscular tension, aches and pain, and autonomic disturbances, the battered women having more pronounced symptoms. It is important for psychiatrists to recognize the symptoms that battered women often exhibit. With better early diagnosis, these women could be offered more appropriate psychosocial therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasma-selenium, glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and mercury in plasma in patients allegedly subject to oral galvanism.

Twelve patients with subjective symptoms, ascribed by the patients themselves to mercury released from dental restorations, were investigated. In addition to a general dental examination the following parameters were registered: the total number of amalgam surfaces in the mouth; potential and polarization of existing and accessible dental metallic restorations for calculation of intraoral currents. As regards the highest calculated intraoral current for each individual there was a statistically significant difference between the patient group and a control group consisting of 12 persons. An analysis of the amount of selenium, glutathione-peroxidase and mercury in the blood showed no differences between the patient and the control group. However, a statistically significant positive correlation could be seen between the total number of amalgam surfaces and the plasma-mercury level for patients and controls pooled together. The numerous other blood parameters analyzed did not reveal any differences between the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Can decreased phagocytosis and killing of autologous gram-positive bacteria explain the finding of gram-positive bacteria in "non-bacterial prostatitis"?

Immunological deficiency is seldom considered in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis, despite clinical symptoms of prostatic inflammation and occasionally also in other tissues. Investigations in three patients with severe bacterial prostatitis with Gram-positive bacteria in the prostatic secretion revealed a decreased phagocytotic activity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-cells) derived from patients' sera towards the autologous Gram-positive bacteria from their own prostatic secretions but not towards heterologous Gram-positive bacteria from other patients or controls. These observations indicate a hitherto unobserved, altered host-parasite interaction in patients with prostatitis possibly caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Return to work among patients with small cell lung cancer.

Forty-four patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), who were working in some kind of profession when they were taken ill, were studied with regard to return to work during or after cancer treatment. All patients received combination chemotherapy without chest radiotherapy or prophylactic brain irradiation. Twelve patients, referred to as W, returned to work during some period (14-83 weeks) after commencement of treatment, and 32 did not (NW). The stage of the disease prior to treatment and the type of profession seemed to be major prognostic factors. Patients with limited disease or "light" occupations more often returned to work than did patients with extensive disease or "heavy" occupations (P = 0.027 and 0.037, respectively). Age, sex and performance status were less important factors. Long-term survival was not a necessary condition for return to work, and overall survival was not prolonged in W patients compared with NW patients. It is concluded that increased occupational activity is an important palliative gain from chemotherapy in SCLC, and that this gain is not confined to a specific subgroup of patients, but is most likely to occur in patients with limited disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Agar impression materials, dimensional stability and surface detail sharpness following treatment with disinfectant solutions.

The influence of seven dissimilar disinfectants on the dimensional stability and the surface detail sharpness of two agar impression materials was studied. Two methods for treatment with disinfectant solutions were tested--immersion for 1 hour and spraying. In contrast to immersion the spraying method had no obvious influence on the agar material. It is concluded that if the disinfection method necessitates immersion of the impression in a solution for 1 hour or more the use of agar impression materials should be avoided.

Agar↗
PubMed1987

Battered women: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

A prospective study of women attending a surgical emergency department in an 8-month period showed that 117 (9%) had been battered. Offered in-patient treatment was accepted and completed by 58 women (the index group), while 59 declined or did not complete treatment (the drop-out group). Both groups were compared with age-matched controls. In the battered group there were more foreign-born women and more divorces than in the control group. The drop-out group differed from the index group either in being less severely injured and seeking only certification of injury for legal purposes, or in having more previous psychiatric morbidity. The consumption of somatic and psychiatric care during the preceding 10 years was significantly greater in the battered group than in the controls, probably due to the maltreatment and reluctance to report it spontaneously. Breaking of a battering pattern at an early stage requires awareness by surgeons, general practitioners and psychiatrists that recurrent injuries of unclear origin may be due to such violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Glyoxylate Induced Changes in the Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica.

Addition of millimolar concentrations of glyoxylate to nitrogen-fixing cultures of Anabaena cylindrica, grown aerobically in the light, caused the following effects: an increase in the number of glycogen granules and in the excretion of carbohydrates; a decreased phycocyanin concentration, but an increase in the chlorophyll a to phycocyanin ratio. Also, an enhancement in the carbon to nitrogen ratio was noted, but this was restored if NH(4) (+) was added simultaneously. The most pronounced effect of glyoxylate addition was a 20-fold increase in the glycine pool. The effect of glyoxylate on N(2) fixation (acetylene reduction) was enhanced at high light intensities, but it did not affect the in vitro ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity. However, addition of millimolar concentrations of glycolate did not cause changes in nitrogenase activity, CO(2) fixation, and NH(3) release comparable to those caused by glyoxylate. The primary mechanism of action of glyoxylate appears to be within the glycolate pathway of the vegetative cells and metabolically downstream from glycolate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

The oestrogenic effects of ethinyl oestradiol/polyoestradiol phosphate and estramustine phosphate in patients with prostatic carcinoma. A comparative study of oestrogen sensitive liver proteins, gonadotrophins and prolactin.

Thirty previously untreated patients with carcinoma of the prostate were prospectively randomised to one of the following treatments: ethinyl oestradiol (Etivex) combined with polyoestradiol phosphate (Estradurin); estramustine phosphate (Estracyt); bilateral orchiectomy. Oestrogenic effects were measured by blood levels of pregnancy zone protein, sex hormone binding globulin, LH, FSH and prolactin. During a follow-up period of 6 months, estramustine phosphate and ethinyl oestradiol/polyoestradiol phosphate induced comparable changes in these proteins, suggesting comparable oestrogenic effects of these two forms of treatment in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cross-sectional study of patients treated with removable partial dentures with special reference to the caries situation.

Thirty-four patients provided with removable partial dentures (RPDs) were reexamined after 3 yr. Caries that had developed during the period were analyzed with regard to the following potential caries risk factors: Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, flow rate and buffer pH of paraffin stimulated saliva, oral hygiene and daily sucrose intake. Of 436 initially intact surfaces 31 (7.1%) had decayed and/or were restored during the 3-yr period. Caries recurred in 26 (6.2%) out of 422 initially restored surfaces during the same period. The development of new or recurrent caries had no correlation to whether or not the surfaces affected were in contact with the RPDs. No single caries risk factor seemed to be sufficiently closely correlated to the number of caries lesions developed to be used alone in the selection of patients at risk. When the sum of assumed negative factors was used a correlation was found for the group as a whole between the number of negative factors and the development of caries. However predicting the development of caries in any individual case seems to be more complicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tibial condylar fractures. A twenty-year follow-up.

In a series of 260 fractures of one or both tibial condyles that were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery I, Sahlgren Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, between 1959 and 1965, the main indication for surgical treatment was clinical evidence of instability of the extended knee joint. Two hundred and four of the patients were followed for 7.3 years and the results were presented in 1973. A longer follow-up of twenty years on 102 of these 204 patients is reported in this paper. The distributions of fracture types and treatments were similar in the two series and, in general, the results were unchanged. Ninety per cent of the patients achieved an excellent or good result and 10 per cent achieved a fair or poor result. The inferior results were seen in the unstable split-depressed and depressed fractures in which a depression of the articular surface of more than ten millimeters persisted. The results of this study support the conclusions that were made in 1973: that patients without clinical impairment of lateral or medial stability of the extended knee joint should be treated non-operatively, irrespective of the roentgenographic appearance of the fracture, and that those with an unstable knee joint should be treated operatively. We have achieved satisfactory results after percutaneous cerclage wiring in split fractures and after open reduction and bone-grafting in split-depressed and depressed fractures.

Adolescent↗