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Biomedical subjects

B Benjamin

Publications and source records attributed to B Benjamin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Broken heart: a statistical study of increased mortality among widowers.

A total of 4,486 widowers of 55 years of age and older have been followed up for nine years since the death of their wives in 1957. Of these 213 died during the first six months of bereavement, 40% above the expected rate for married men of the same age. Thereafter the mortality rate fell gradually to that of married men and remained at about the same leveLThe greatest increase in mortality during the first six months was found in the widowers dying from coronary thrombosis and other arteriosclerotic and degenerative heart disease. There was also evidence of a true increase in mortality from other diseases, though the numbers in individual categories were too small for statistical analysis.In the first six months 22.5% of the deaths were from the same diagnostic group as the wife's death. Some evidence suggests that this may be a larger proportion than would be expected by chance association, but there is no evidence suggesting that the proportion is any different among widows and widowers who have been bereaved for more than six months.

Aged↗
PubMed1968

Smoking habits of men employed in industry, and mortality.

A study of the relation between smoking habits and lung cancer in male industrial workers over a period of three years has confirmed the earlier findings in doctors that the death-rate from lung cancer correlates closely with the number of cigarettes smoked. Of 54,460 men studied 68.7% were current cigarette smokers. The annual mortality rate from lung cancer was 0.33 per thousand in non-smokers and ex-smokers, and 1.2 per thousand for all cigarette smokers, and higher in heavy smokers.Heavy cigarette smokers who retained the cigarette in the mouth between puffs ("drooping" cigarette habit) had an annual mortality rate of 4.1 per thousand.The mortality from coronary thrombosis in smokers was nearly three times that in non-smokers. A mortality gradient with rising consumption of cigarettes was observed.Some correlation between smoking and cancer of other sites and from non-neoplastic lung disease was observed in older men, but no correlation was found with other cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Using computers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant Teflon granuloma of the larynx.

Endolaryngeal injection of Teflon paste to augment and medialize the paralyzed hemilarynx aims to improve dysphonia and relieve aspiration. After an initial short-lived inflammatory reaction in the laryngeal tissues, a foreign body granuloma forms around the Teflon. In most cases the results are good but it may occasionally be necessary to consider removal of the granuloma if too large a volume has been injected, if it is inappropriately placed, or if the paralyzed vocal cord subsequently recovers. Surgical removal is difficult and the results are unpredictable. This case illustrates, for the first time, that evaluation using both a high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scan and endoscopy with telescopes permits satisfactory assessment before removal of Teflon.

Granuloma, Foreign-Body↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic aspects of ageing.

The first part of this paper examines future changes in the age structure of the population of England and Wales which are likely to occur as a result of past and future changes in fertility and mortality. These changes in fertility and mortality are examined in some detail. Different methods of projecting future changes in mortality are discussed. On the basis of conservative estimates of these changes, estimates are made of the future economic strain of dependency and there is some discussion of the way in which this might be best handled to the advantage of both the active and the elderly populations. The second part of the paper looks at different ways of examining improvements in longevity and also discusses some of the biological and environmental factors involved. Reference is made to the limited morbidity data available and the tentative conclusion is reached that improvement in longevity, so far, owes less to the reduction of disease incidence than to medical maintenance. This review paper, which relates to England and Wales, is in two main parts: (1) a general discussion of the population factors and changes which have led to a focusing of attention upon the ageing of the population and associated economic problems; and (2) a consideration of the implications of current health advances for individual survival.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoarticular complications of childhood brucellosis: a study of 57 cases in Saudi Arabia.

Fifty-seven (36%) of a cohort of 157 children with brucellosis from Saudi Arabia had arthritis. Most gave a history of contact with farm animals or drinking unpasteurized milk. Associated features included pyrexia, arthralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. A subacute presentation with peripheral oligoarthritis predominantly affecting hips or knees was common. Specific chemotherapy resulted in rapid defervescence followed by slower resolution of the arthritis. Children with osteoarticular brucellosis had a higher relapse rate and a longer hospital stay. Supervised combination chemotherapy for at least 6 weeks was effective in preventing relapse. A brucellar etiology should be considered in any child from an endemic area who has osteoarticular manifestations.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute epiglottitis in infants and children.

Sixty-one cases of acute epiglottitis at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, from July 1968 to December 1974 are reviewed. The average age of 2.7 years is lower than previously reported. The average time from the initial symptom to arrival at the hospital was 14 hours. The average time from arrival to performance of tracheotomy was two hours. The diagnosis was made when first seen and assessed in 50 of the 61 cases. There were eight respiratory arrests in the Casualty and five of these were successfully resuscitated. We believe that an artificial airway is necessary in most cases, and in this series, tracheotomy was performed, with minimal complications. Particular emphasis is given to diagnosis from the history, and a detailed description is given of physical examination of the oropharynx. Although x-ray examination is usually unnecessary when the diagnosis is in doubt, a plain lateral x-ray may be useful, with due precaution not to increase the respiratory obstruction. We consider that a patient with acute epiglottitis should be transferred immediately to a major pediatric hospital, and that in almost every case an artificial airway should be established.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma with radioactive gold grain.

Congenital subglottic hemangioma causes life-threatening airway obstruction during the first few months of life. The mortality rate of recognized and untreated cases justifies active treatment, and although radiation therapy is currently most favored, it carries a risk of inducing malignant change in the thyroid gland later in life. A series of 11 patients with laryngeal hemangiomata is reported, conventional radiotherapy was utilized in the first seven patients, and placement of a radioactive gold grain directly into the lesion was used in the last four patients. This technique offers maximal tumor dose with minimal thyroid gland irradiation compared to treatment by conventional radiotherapy, and its successful use in these four patients is reported as worthy of further trial.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopy and biopsy in gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children.

The clinical features of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children extend beyond repeated vomiting and include dysphagia, pain, bleeding, failure to thrive, esophageal stricture, and recurrent respiratory symptoms including aspiration pneumonitis and cyanotic attacks. The unreliability of the traditional barium swallow examination as a diagnostic test is well known. This study reports the results of endoscopic assessment and esophageal biopsy in 100 infants and children and relates them to the clinical findings and the changes in the contrast esophagogram. The results show that further valuable diagnostic information can be gained from endoscopic examination of the esophageal mucosa, especially when there is esophagitis with ulceration, bleeding, or stricture. Endoscopic biopsies are useful to confirm the presence of esophagitis but biopsies alone do not give absolute diagnostic information.

Adolescent↗