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Biomedical subjects

B Benjamin

Publications and source records attributed to B Benjamin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

'The singing hospital'--integrated group therapy in the Black mentally ill.

Integrated group therapy was originally introduced at Sterkfontein Hospital in 1957, and reintroduced 6 years ago in an effort to overcome difficulties in communication with approximately 100 Black male and female mental hospital patients. This therapy consisted mainly of song and dance activation, sociodrama, psychodrama and behavioural modification methods. These techniques are flexible, and can be carried out by proxy therapists working with doctors and psychologists.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

Sinusitis in children--general considerations.

Suppurative sinusitis is not common in children. The diagnosis can be made with reasonable accuracy from the symptoms and signs alone, but X-ray studies and ultrasound examination may be helpful. It is not unusual for pediatric patients to present with the complications of acute suppurative sinusitis. Aspiration of sinus secretions is necessary for definitive diagnosis and identification of the infecting organism and is warranted in selective, unresponsive cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Pseudomembranous croup.

During a 2-year period, 7 children were seen with a severe form of laryngotracheobronchitis associated with sloughing of the respiratory epithelium and profuse mucopurulent secretions. We have called this condition pseudomembranous croup. The children had severe upper airways obstruction, appeared toxic with high fever, and were older than the typical age group for viral laryngotracheobronchitis. Lateral x-ray films of the airways showed subglottic narrowing and often these suggested the presence of radio-opaque foreign material in the tracheal lumen. At endoscopy, in addition to pseudomembrane in the subglottic region and trachea, there was thick mucopus and debris, and in some cases these changes extended into the bronchi. An artificial airway was required in all except one, and even after intubation it proved difficult to maintain the airway. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated from tracheal cultures but other organisms were grown.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1982

North West Thames registry of neurological disease.

A feasibility study has been carried out to determine whether a population-based registry of neurological disease can be established using the Hospital (Inpatient) Activity Analysis (HAA) records for England and Wales. The study provides a valuable opportunity to use and test the HAA system. The neurological disease chosen was the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS), because it would be expected that most patients would be admitted to hospital, and recurrent attacks or chronicity are rare. In this study it has been demonstrated that, for GBS, a neurological registry, based on HAA records, provided an excellent source of data to measure the incidence of the disease and potentially any change of incidence over time. The proportion of coding errors was found to be under 5%.

England↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of steroid/antibiotic treatment in primates administered LD100 Escherichia coli.

Early aggressive therapy with maintenance infusions of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and gentamicin sulfate significantly increases the probability for survival of baboons given LD100 Escherichia coli. The present study was designed to determine if baboons would recover when initiation of treatment was delayed until they had sustained E. coli-induced systemic hypotension for a period of approximately three hours. Sixteen adult baboons were each administered a two-hour infusion of LD100 E. coli. All eight untreated animals died within 42 hours. Five of the eight baboons treated after approximately three hours of hypotension with methylprednisolone sodium succinate and gentamicin sulfate survived. Treated animals had significantly higher blood glucose and insulin levels and lower blood urea nitrogen concentrations than baboons receiving E. coli alone. E. coli blood concentrations were lower in the treated than in the untreated baboon group by the sixth hour (less than 0.02). Heart rates increased in all animals but were not as high in the treated baboons. Both groups experienced similar decreases in mean systemic arterial pressure, PCO2, base excess, leukocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet concentrations, and increases in creatinine and lactate concentrations. Data from the present study indicate that the probability of recovery from shock is significantly increased even when initiation of steroid/antibiotic therapy is postponed until baboons have experienced sustained systemic hypotension.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Steiger on refraction: a reappraisal.

Seventy years ago Steiger, a Swiss ophthalmologist, found the distribution of corneal powers to follow a normal (binomial) curve. He noted a wide range of values among emmetropes, and he also knew that their axial lengths varied significantly. He expected that normal distributions would be found for other components of refraction and also for refraction as a whole, and in seeking a controlling mechanism he recalled the multifactorial pattern of inheritance of such characteristics as stature. The present study employs modern mathematical techniques to test the validity of 2 related hypotheses: that the components of refraction are correlated and that a polygenic mode of inheritance is responsible for determining the refractive power of the eye. In the light of this study and of other modern knowledge about refraction Steiger's work is reassessed. Most of his views are vindicated, although his assumption of a normal distribution for refraction as a whole could not be justified. His contribution to the understanding of refraction establishes him among the great names in ophthalmology.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations during endotoxin and E. coli shock.

Plasma vasopressin concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, were remarkably elevated during endotoxin and E. coli shock. The concentrations were often above 500 pg/ml in dogs and above 300 pg/ml in baboons; they reached 1200 pg/ml in two dogs and 1800 pg/ml in another. Plasma concentration in a quiet, hydrated subject is 4 pg/ml; osmoregulation is maximally effective at 20 pg/ml. Elevation of plasma vasopressin occurred by 15 minutes after beginning infusion of endotoxin or E. coli and reached concentrations of 200-350 pg/ml with a decrease in cardiac output but before hypotension, which suggests decreased thoracic blood volume and decompression of left atrial stretch receptors. Even higher vasopressin levels were associated with a reduction of arterial blood pressure. The typical pattern was an early peak elevation followed by a sustained plateau of plasma vasopressin concentration in dogs and baboons with endotoxin and/or E. coli-induced circulatory shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Survival of primates in lethal septic shock following delayed treatment with steroid.

We recently developed a methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS)/gentamicin sulfate (GS) regimen that prevented death in baboons given a 2-hour infusion of LD100 E coli (J. Surg. Res. 28:151, 1980). Steroid treatment was begun in that study 30 minutes after initiation of E coli. Our current aim was to determine if baboons would survive if MPSs treatment was delayed until all E coli were infused and severe hypotension had ensued. Fourteen lightly anesthetized baboons (P.c. cynocephalus) were administered E. coli and seven were then treated with MPSS and GS for 10 hours. All nontreated baboons died, while six of seven treated animals survived. In the treated group, hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia were reversed, tachycardia was reduced and neutrophil recovery was improved. Baboons with delayed MPSS, however, evidenced diminished perfusion and recovered more slowly than those with earlier MPSs treatment. In conclusion, primates in septic shock are clearly protected with delayed steroid/antibiotic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A new tube for microlaryngeal surgery.

A technique of anaesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery is described utilizing a new catheter and the venturi jet injector. Access and exposure for the surgeon are excellent and the laser can be used without special precautions. The central position and lack of movement of the distal end of the tube in the trachea prevent the potential complication of rupture of the trachea or of a bronchus.

Anesthesia, Endotracheal↗
PubMed1979

De novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and metabolic availability of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in leukemic leukocytes.

Among normal peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphocytes were found to contain most of the de novo purine synthesizing capacity. The rate of purine synthesis de novo was accelerated in leukocytes from patients with acute and chronic myelocytic leukemias, chronic monocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis and plasma cell leukemia, but was normal in most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The rate of de novo purine synthesis exhibited positive correlation with the percentage of immature cells in the leukocyte population. The metabolic availability of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) exhibited positive correlation with the state of de novo purine synthesis. These finding suggest that the accelerated rate of de novo purine synthesis and the increased metabolic availability of PRPP are characteristic properties of the immature leukemic granulocyte.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Hateful patients.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1978

Membrane lipid modifications: biosynthesis and identification of phosphatidyl-N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine in rat liver microsomes.

In previous studies on the modification of polar head groups of membrane phospholipids with the unnatural base analog, N-isopropylethanolamine, we reported an unidentified phospholipid in addition to phosphatidyl-N-isopropylethanolamine in the various membrane fractions of rat liver. The structure of this phospholipid has now been identified as phosphatidyl-N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by chromatographic and enzymic analysis. In addition, we found that when rats were injected intraperitoneally with the N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine, 19% of the liver microsomal phospholipid was phosphatidyl-N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine.

Animals↗