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Biomedical subjects

B Bender

Publications and source records attributed to B Bender.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Monogenetic hypertension and pheochromocytoma.

Hypertension attributable to pheochromocytoma is a very attractive model for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sixteen different point mutations in the RET proto-oncogene and 30 mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene have been identified so far associated with expression of pheochromocytoma. Each of these mutations initiates either the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) (MEN 2A and MEN 2B) or the VHL disease. Certain mutations in both genes are associated with the presence of pheochromocytoma. In general, these pheochromocytomas produce catecholamines that result in hypertension. Therefore, analysis for germline mutations in these genes are of practical value, because susceptibility to these diseases can be predicted in as yet clinically unaffected relatives.

Genes, Tumor Suppressor↗
PubMed1996

Low-dose fluconazole as primary prophylaxis for cryptococcal infection in AIDS patients with CD4 cell counts of < or = 100/mm3: demonstration of efficacy in a positive, multicenter trial.

The efficacy of low-dose fluconazole (200 mg orally administered thrice weekly) as primary prophylaxis for cryptococcal infection was prospectively assessed in a multicenter trial involving 218 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who had CD4 cell counts of < or = 100/mm3. The median CD4 cell count at baseline was 39/mm3, 58% of the patients had an AIDS-defining illness or infection prior to enrollment. Cryptococcal meningitis occurred in 0.4% (1) of the 218 patients. The breakthrough isolate was susceptible to fluconazole, and the fluconazole kinetic study demonstrated adequate drug absorption and serum fluconazole levels; noncompliance could not be excluded in this case. Mucocutaneous and/or esophageal candidiasis developed in 18% (40) of the patients. Noncompliance with fluconazole therapy was the only variable independently associated with breakthrough candidiasis in the study patients (P = .00002). Thus, fluconazole (200 mg thrice weekly) given to HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts of < or = 100/mm3 was efficacious as primary prophylaxis for cryptococcosis, with notably lower costs and increased convenience for patients in comparison with daily administration of the drug.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Deletion mapping of chromosome 19 in human gliomas.

There is evidence that a putative glioma tumor suppressor locus resides on the long arm of chromosome 19. We present data on 161 gliomas from 156 patients, which were studied by microsatellite analysis for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 19. Eight loci on the long arm and 2 loci on the short arm of chromosome 19 were examined. LOH on 19q was observed in 3/19 astrocytomas (WHO grade II), 12/27 anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade III), 16/76 cases of glioblastoma multiforme WHO (grade IV), 4/9 oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II), 3/5 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III), 5/9 mixed oligo-astrocytomas (WHO grade II) and 8/10 anaplastic oligo-astrocytomas (WHO grade III). While 31 of the tumors with LOH on chromosomal arm 19q exhibited allelic loss at every informative locus, 20 tumors showed terminal or interstitial deletions. In contrast to astrocytomas and glioblastomas, tumors with an oligodendroglial component had predominantly lost the entire long arm of chromosome 19. The common region of overlap in gliomas was located on 19q13.2-q13.4 between the markers D19S178 and D19S180. Our data confirm the involvement of a putative tumor suppressor gene on chromosomal arm 19q in gliomas and assign this gene to 19q13.2-q13.4.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1994

Loci associated with malignant progression in astrocytomas: a candidate on chromosome 19q.

WHO grades II and III astrocytomas frequently exhibit loss of genetic material on chromosomes 9p, 11p, 17p, 19q, and 22q, indicating that these chromosomal regions harbor tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of astrocytic neoplasms. The present study was conducted to examine whether these genetic regions are involved in the process of malignant progression from astrocytoma WHO grade II (A II) to anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade III (A III). We have analyzed 44 astrocytomas, i.e., 18 A II and 26 A III for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 9q, 10p, 10q, 11p, 13q, 17p, 19p, 19q, and 22q and for amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay with microsatellite repeat sequences was used for the detection of polymorphisms on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. LOH on 9p was seen in 1 of 18 (6%) informative cases of A II and 4 of 24 (17%) informative cases of A III. LOH on 17p was observed in 9 of 17 (53%) informative cases of A II and 15 of 26 (58%) informative cases of A III. LOH on 19q was detected in 2 of 18 (11%) informative cases of A II and in 12 of 26 (46%) informative cases of A III. The association of LOH on 19q with anaplasia in astrocytoma was significant (P = 0.015). Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene was not detected in A II or A III. These data suggest that a putative tumor suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 19 is a candidate for a gene associated with tumor progression in astrocytic gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A rapid and non-radioactive PCR based assay for the detection of allelic loss in human gliomas.

Studies of the loss of allelic heterozygosity (LOH) in tumour tissues have evolved as an important tool for the identification of chromosomal regions which are likely to harbour tumour suppressor genes. The classical procedure to determine LOH has been restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and Southern blotting, a time consuming method requiring radioisotopes and several micrograms of DNA. Recently, the use of highly polymorphic microsatellites of the CA-dinucleotide repeat class and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has considerably advanced and facilitated the detection of LOH in tumour tissues. We here describe a strategy to identify LOH based on PCR amplification of CA-dinucleotide repeats, denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and nucleic acid detection with a sensitive silver staining protocol. In a comparative study of 20 astrocytomas, this rapid technique was able to identify all cases of LOH on chromosome 17 p that had previously been found in these tumours by RFLP analysis and Southern blotting. This non-radioactive PCR based assay has a great potential for LOH studies in human tumours.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1993

Current issues in the use of theophylline.

Theophylline is a safe and effective medication for the management of chronic asthma. It reduces nocturnal bronchospasm and airways hyperresponsiveness, and its addition to effective doses of beta-agonists and corticosteroids leads to further improvement in symptom control. These properties are the result of actions other than simple bronchodilation, and there is a strong possibility that anti-inflammatory activity accounts for its clinical advantages. Serious side effects are uncommon and their rate can be further reduced through appropriate precautions. Recent studies have alleviated the concern over cognitive and behavioral side effects in children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1992

Theophylline-induced behavior change in children. An objective evaluation of parents' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate children who take theophylline for the presence of behavioral side effects and to determine whether the beliefs about these side effects held by their parents are supported by their own observations. DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol. Under both study conditions the children completed tests that measured their attention, impulsivity, memory, activity level, and mood, while the parents rated their behavior. PATIENTS: The subjects were 8- to 12-year-old children with asthma whose parents had observed adverse behavioral side effects while the children were taking theophylline. Among cited side effects were impulsivity, hyperactivity, altered mood, and impaired attention. RESULTS: No differences related to treatment could be detected from the parent questionnaires or from six of nine scores of the psychological evaluation of the children. The children, however, made fewer attention errors and showed a mild increase in anxiety and hand tremor of the dominant hand while they were receiving theophylline. All mean changes were small. No significant relationship was found between theophylline concentrations in the serum and degree of change in mood or attention. Eleven of 42 participants were disqualified for noncompliance during the study. CONCLUSION: Parental beliefs about the side effects experienced by their children are not supported by their own observations performed through a blinded protocol. These results are in conflict with reports of a high incidence of adverse behavioral side effects attributed to theophylline therapy.

Affect↗
PubMed1991

Critical issues for practice in residential treatment: the view from within.

A large proportion of children in residential treatment engage in extreme acting-out behavior and suffer from severe attachment disorders and abuse reactivity. At the same time, practice is increasingly alienated from theory and public policy. The challenges to practitioners posed by these difficulties are described and illustrated by vignettes, their impact on residential group care practice is discussed, and their implications for the redesign of practice and for the development of a new theoretical base are examined.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiology of AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The effect of albuterol aerosol on fine-motor performance in children with chronic asthma.

A double-blind, crossover trial was conducted to examine the effect of albuterol aerosol on the fine-motor performance of children with chronic asthma. Twenty subjects, 4 1/2 to 14 1/2 years of age, were each tested after both the administration of albuterol aerosol and a placebo. The fine-motor composite of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to evaluate abilities in response speed, visual-motor control, and speed and dexterity. The degree of tremor was tested with a "steadiness" tester, and postural adjustment was recorded on a clinical rating scale. No significant differences were found in fine-motor skills after albuterol or placebo administration, but a significant increase in tremor as well as in postural adjustment occurred after albuterol. The effect of test order and several other patient characteristics on test scores may be related to these findings. Major educational adjustments to compensate for the increase in tremor are unnecessary.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for HTLV-I associated with mycosis fungoides and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a human retrovirus that can transform T-helper lymphocytes and is etiologically associated with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Mycosis fungoides represents a primary cutaneous lymphoma of helper T-cell origin, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia is generally considered to be a neoplastic B-lymphocyte disorder. Our patient had HTLV-I with coexistent mycosis fungoides and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The concurrent lymphoid proliferations may represent HTLV-I-associated abnormalities of immunoregulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Contracting.

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Contract Services↗
PubMed1984

Segmental staining of the murine nephron by monoclonal antibodies directed against the GP-2 subunit of laminin.

Monoclonal antibodies to GP-2, the 220,000-dalton subunit of laminin, were used in an immunohistologic study to investigate structural variations in basement membranes. Mouse kidney was used because of the wide range of basement membranes represented. Two rat/mouse monoclonal antibodies, designated LAM-I and LAM-II were compared with rabbit polyclonal anti-GP-2 in a light and electron microscopic study that identified nephron segments by morphology, by topography, and by the use of markers specific for individual segments. LAM-I staining is demonstrable on all tubular and glomerular basement membranes but not on those of blood vessels or smooth muscle, differing in this respect from anti-GP-2. LAM-II staining is confined to the basement membranes of the convoluted portion of proximal tubule segments (S1 and S2), not the straight (S3) portion; to the thin limb and the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, but not distal convoluted tubules or collecting ducts. The heterogeneity of GP-2 localization may be due to differing conformations of the molecule at these sites.

Animals↗