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Biomedical subjects

B Beauvais

Publications and source records attributed to B Beauvais.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Ivermectin in the treatment and prevention of human onchocerciasis].

Ivermectin is a synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone produced by an actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis. It has a broad spectrum antiparasitic activity against nematodes and certain acarians in animals. The microfilaricide action of this product against horse and cattle onchocercosis led to the study of its effects in human onchocercosis against O. volvulus. Several trials performed mainly in endemic zones of Africa showed that this drug was more effective than the reference microfilaricide, diethylcarbamazine. A single oral dose of 200 micrograms/kg of Ivermectin reduces the dermal microfilaria population to nearly zero within a few days and the effect is maintained for at least 6 months. Secondary ocular or systemic effects are rare, negligible and transitory. The prolonged elimination of dermal microfilariasis caused by sequestration followed by degeneration of the microfilaria in the uterus of females raises the hope that Ivermectin used in a single annual or bi-annual dose will contribute to the interruption of the transmission of this serious parasitic disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Toxoplasma infection after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: clinical and serological study of 80 patients.

Systematic clinical and serological studies to evaluate the frequency of toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplant recipients were performed in 80 consecutive patients. Antitoxoplasma antibody titres were measured in donors and recipients before transplant and subsequently post-transplant. Before bone marrow transplant, 54 recipients were seropositive and 26 were seronegative, whereas 35 donors were seropositive and 45 were seronegative. After bone marrow transplant, the frequency of clinical and serological manifestations of toxoplasmosis appeared closely related to the recipient's serological status before transplant. In the seronegative group of patients before transplant the incidence of toxoplasmosis was low: only two patients experienced seroconversion 3 months after bone marrow transplant and one developed clinical symptoms consistent with toxoplasmosis but without cerebral involvement. Clinical toxoplasmosis or secondary elevation of antibody titres was mostly observed in pre-bone marrow transplant seropositive patients; in this group, cerebral toxoplasmosis occurred in four patients and a significant secondary rise of antibody titres was observed in 16 patients. It thus appears that toxoplasmosis is most often related to a reactivation of latent cysts. Prophylactic treatment may be useful in patients presenting serological evidence of past or latent infection before bone marrow transplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Double-blind study of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in African onchocerciasis patients with ocular involvement.

In a randomised double-blind study, ivermectin was compared with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and placebo in the treatment of onchocerciasis in 30 male patients from Mali with moderate to heavy Onchocerca volvulus infections and ocular involvement. 10 patients received a single oral dose of ivermectin, 12 mg, 10 received DEC daily for eight days (total dose 1.3 g), and 10 received matching placebo. Patients were examined periodically for twelve months. Punctate keratitis disappeared in 6 of 7 ivermectin patients but increased in DEC patients. Numbers of O volvulus microfilariae (mf) in the anterior chamber decreased slowly and eventually disappeared in most ivermectin patients during the six months following treatment; anterior chamber mf disappeared more rapidly in some patients after DEC, but reappeared within six months of stopping treatment. Both ivermectin and DEC caused a prompt decrease in mean skin mf density; density then increased in both groups over the twelve month observation period, reaching 9% of pretreatment values in ivermectin patients and 45% in the DEC group. Analysis of adult O volvulus from nodules excised at three and twelve months post treatment showed no effect of either drug on viability; however, there was evidence of degeneration of intra-uterine developing mf in the ivermectin group. Side-effects were less frequent and less severe in ivermectin patients than in DEC patients. Ivermectin as a single oral dose appears to be a more effective microfilaricidal drug than DEC in onchocerciasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Epidemiologic survey of intestinal parasitoses in Peruvian Amazonia].

An epidemiological survey was carried out in 4 native villages from tribe Cashibo, in Amazonia (Peru). Among 165 stools examination, 92% were positives for helminthic (hookworms: 72%, roundworms and whipworms: 55% each, strongyloides: 5%) and protozoan infections (Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana: 50% each, Entamoeba histolytica 24%, Giardia intestinalis 17%). Balantidium coli is not seldom (6%). Polyparasitism, very frequent, is reported with a maximum of 10 species. The most important villages are the most infested. Several factors can explain these results: lack of hygien and treatment, and no sanitary education. These rates are among the highest recorded for the South-American Indian people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Binding of fluorescein-labelled lectins on trophozoites and cysts of 3 strains of Toxoplasma gondii].

The presence of carbohydrates on the surface of trophozoites and cysts of Toxoplasma gondii was investigated using 26 fluorescein labelled lectins. Three strains of parasites at different phases were tested; intra-cellular, intra-cystic and free trophozoites did not stain. However Soja hispida lectin intensly bind on cyst wall. The fluorescence could be eliminated by preincubation with certain carbohydrates, but not with trophozoite soluble antigen. These results suggest to the authors that cyst wall may be of host rather than of parasite origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Etiological study of low fertility in eastern Gaboon. III. Filarial endemicity (Loa loa, D. perstans). Prevalence of microfilariae in hydroceles (author's transl)].

During an inquiry performed in Gaboon the prevalence of hydroceles had led to puncture systematically every vaginal flow. 68 fluids were so collected at the end of the inquiry. Subsequently the statistical analysis of the results in men seems to suggest a correlation between microfilaremia (Loa loa and D. perstans) and the prevalence of hydroceles. Microfilariae were found in 77% according to the following distribution: Loa loa seldom diagnosed in this kind of flow were detected in 10%; D. perstans although never reported so far in hydrocele fluids appeared to be present in 62%. O. volvulus more currently referred to in hydrocele liquids were scarcely traced.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Toxoplasmosis and chronic myeloid leukemia].

A patient suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia and used as a donor of leucocytes was found to have toxoplasmosis associated with a high level of IgG without an elevation of IgM which was maintained for several months. This case raises several points for discussion. Toxoplasmosis is a frequent complication of malignant hematological disease, it is often severe with neurological complications in more than half the patients affected. It is often difficult to diagnose. The parasite is arduous to isolate and serology is problematic to interpretate without reference to previous samples. This suggests it would be wise to measure the titre of anti-toxoplasma antibodies as part of the initial investigations of every malignant hemopathy and to repeat the measurements during the evolution of the disease. Any patient showing a high serological titre, even though it is stable and without IgM should be given systematically a specific treatment for toxoplasmosis, for as in the patient presented in this paper, such a serological picture is compatible with an increasing infection. The frequence of high serological titres seems to be greater among patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia than among another people. Then, transfusion of leucocytes of such patients may be the source of parasite transmission; this paper relates one case of post-transfusional toxoplasmosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The average degree of parasitosis, a criterion for evaluation of the geohelminthic contamination of a population, and for application of santiary measures].

The severity of ascaridiasis in a region depends first of all on the degree of pollution by ascaris ova of the environemtn and consquently on the per diem output of ascaris ova in the stools. Therefore, the importance of ascaridiasis as an endemic disease, depends of course upon the number of positive cases, their prevalence, but still more, it depends upon the intensity of the infection of the diseased population (global parasitic discharge). Practically, this concept of global parasitic discharge is expressed by the number of ascaris ova expelled per gram and per day by a sample of the considered population. The mean parasitic discharge is the quotient of the global parasitic discharge through the number of positive cases of the sample. An epidemiological survey and a mass chemotherapy test at La Réunion has showed us that the conept of global parasitic discharge is a more representative reliable and sensitive measuring method than prevalence, to evaluate the gravity of endemic ascaridiasis and its variations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxoplasmosis in Eastern Gabon. Results of a serologic survey].

1,448 sera taken from individuals of various places of South-Eastern Gabon have been studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence and Fulton direct agglutination associated with 2-mercapto-ethanol test, 52.6% contained antitoxiplasmic antibodies. This study showed that toxoplasmic infection occurs early in both sexes, that it is more frequent in men (57.9%) than in women (45.4%), that the Ogooué-Lolo province is more contaminated (62.6%) than the High Ogooué province (49.6%). It seems that prevalence differences are less dependent upon the telluric elimate than upon other factors, which remain to find.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal parasitism in eastern Gabon].

A survey of 1,548 stools samples carried out in Gabon showed in the adult population a parasitism ratio of about 100%. Among the protozoa, D. fragilis was found in 0.3% of the cases. In contradiction with the usual observations in tropical Africa, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infestation is very high in the villages. The demonstration of S. intercalatum in almost every place of the survey and an important focus at Okondja proves the extension of this bilharziosis.

Adult↗