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Biomedical subjects

B Baxter

Publications and source records attributed to B Baxter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Standardized assessment of concussion (SAC): on-site mental status evaluation of the athlete.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the clinical utility of the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) in detecting concussion in athletes. METHOD: Athletic trainers administered the SAC to 568 nonconcussed high school and college football players prior to the 1995 and 1996 football seasons. Thirty-three of these players experienced concussion and were tested immediately following injury; 28 of the 33 underwent additional follow-up testing 48 hours after the injury. RESULTS: Concussed players scored significantly below nonconcussed controls on all SAC measures and significantly below their own pre-injury baseline performance. Follow-up testing documented return to preinjury baseline. CONCLUSION: These findings support the SAC's effectiveness in detecting concussion and tracking recovery in order to determine a player's fitness to return to play.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Nursing the Net.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients with leukemia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been demonstrated to be an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult bone marrow transplant recipients; however, its role in other immunocompromised adults has not been defined. We prospectively studied all adult patients with leukemia who were hospitalized at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) during a 1-year period (November 1993 through October 1994). During a 19-week period when RSV was prevalent in the community, it was isolated from 9 (10%) of 87 patients with leukemia who developed an acute respiratory illness. In 6 (75%) of 8 patients with profound chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, the RSV infection was complicated by pneumonia, with an 83% mortality rate. RSV appears to be an important cause of severe and often fatal pneumonia in myelosuppressed patients with leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

High doses of purified influenza A virus hemagglutinin significantly augment serum and nasal secretion antibody responses in healthy young adults.

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of purified influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines administered intramuscularly were evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials. A total of 139 healthy young adults were randomized to receive increasing doses of monovalent influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) virus HA (range, 0 to 405 micrograms per dose [study 1]). An additional 139 subjects were given increasing doses of a trivalent HA vaccine containing equal amounts of A/H1N1 virus, A/Shanghai/16/89 (H3N2) virus, and influenza B/Yamagata/16/88 virus HA (range, 0 to 135 micrograms of HA per strain, 0 to 405 micrograms per dose) or a standard dose of commercial influenza vaccine (study 2). Increasing doses of HA were associated with increasing frequencies of symptoms at the vaccination site early after vaccination, but all doses were well tolerated. Occurrence of systemic symptoms was unrelated to dose. Increasing the dose of HA resulted in increasingly higher postimmunization levels of serum hemagglutination inhibiting and neutralizing antibody levels versus influenza A/H1N1 virus in study 1 (P < 0.05); these enhanced responses persisted for up to 6 months. Nasal secretory immunoglobulin A and G antibody responses were assessed 2 weeks after immunization with monovalent H1N1 virus HA; the frequencies of significant responses also increased in a dose-related fashion. Similar increases in serum antibody levels were noted for both A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses in study 2. These data provide a basis for proceeding with the evaluation of high doses of purified HA in the elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trivalent attenuated cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine: reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses in susceptible adults.

Trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (CR) influenza virus vaccines containing types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Susceptible adults were randomly assigned to receive the following vaccines by intranasal drops 1 month apart: two doses of trivalent vaccine, bivalent CR influenza A (Bi A) vaccine followed by monovalent B (Mono B) vaccine or vice versa, or two doses of placebo. All vaccines were well tolerated. Shedding of each of the three vaccine viruses was reduced after the first dose of trivalent vaccine compared with primary vaccination with Bi A or Mono B. Shedding was also reduced after second vaccinations, whether homologous (trivalent-trivalent) or heterologous (Bi A/Mono B or Mono B/Bi A). Reduced viral shedding was associated with reduced serum antibody responses. Thus, both simultaneous and sequential inoculations of susceptible adults with CR influenza vaccine viruses result in reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of the diagnostic use of thallium-201 in nuclear medicine.

In order to investigate possible mutagenic effects of in vivo exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation used in nuclear medicine, we have examined the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) mutant fraction (MF) and chromosome aberration (CA) frequency in 24 nuclear medicine patients before and after injection of thallium-201. The mean MF of the thallium-201-exposed cohort was 5.2 +/- 4.4 x 10(-6) before injection exposure. No significant difference in MF was observed 24 h later. In 11 patients who were studied on a third occasion, 30 days after thallium-201 exposure, there was again no significant difference in post-exposure as compared with the pre-exposure MF. The frequency of CA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was not significantly different, comparing pre- and 24 h to 1 month post-radionuclide exposure. Thus, thallium-201 exposure was not associated with significant elevations in MF or CA frequency in lymphocytes of exposed individuals.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

In vivo exposure of human lymphocytes to technetium-99m in nuclear medicine patients does not induce detectable genetic effects.

Recent reports have demonstrated that exposure of nuclear medicine patients to thallium-201 does not result in a detectable increase in mutation at the hprt locus in human lymphocytes. In an effort to study further the potential genetic effects of medical exposures to low dose radiation, we have examined chromosome aberrations and mutations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nuclear medicine patients exposed to clinical doses of technetium-99m. Our results show that there is no exposure-related increase in chromosomal damage; furthermore, the data do not confirm earlier reports of exposure-related increases in mutations induced by technetium-99m.

Analysis of Variance↗