Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Ballou.
Murine teratocarcinomas were located in mice by external gamma-ray scintigraphy with an iodine-125-labeled monoclonal antibody specific to the tumors. The specificity of the method was increased by subtracting the radiation produced by an iodine-125-labeled indifferent monoclonal antibody of the same immunoglobulin class as the tumor-specific antibody.
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Radiochemical sequence data are presented for the amino termini of mixed HLA antigens A1 and B8 isolated from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Cells were labeled intrinsically in small-scale tissue culture with 14C-labeled amino acids and [14C]pyruvate. The specific activities obtained were sufficiently high and uniform to permit direct radiochemical sequencing of the antigens. HLA antigens were isolated by adsorption to a solid-phase anti-beta2-microglobulin immunoadsorbent followed by electrophoresis. The method should be generally applicable and useful for sequencing all parts of the molecule.
A buffer system conitainin chloral hydrate, taurine, and bromopyridinium lactate was used to dissolve several biological membranes and separate their protein components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This solvent system was capable of separating molecules of similar size on the hasis of their charge and allows easy recovery of the proteins Thus. aqueous chloral hydrate is an effective solvent for biological membranes.
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Tumor localization using fluorescence has been made practical by current improvements in tumor targeting molecules, especially monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, by the development of convenient near-infrared emitting fluorochromes and by the availability of digital cameras having high sensitivity in this spectral region. Recent studies in animals have demonstrated that fluorochrome labeling of monoclonal antibodies confers adequate sensitivity and improved resolution. Distribution and catabolism of fluorochrome-labeled and radiolabeled antibodies are similar. Simultaneous localization of multiple reagents is made possible by labeling with several different near-infrared emitting fluorochromes; thus background subtraction and differential labeling of multiple tumor-associated components can be performed. Difficulties in using the fluorochrome labels are mainly related to light scattering and absorption in tissues, but detection of small tumors at depths of several millimeters is feasible. The major medical use of this new technology is likely to be endoscopic location of tumors. Scientific uses include studies of tumor metastasis, uptake and distribution of drugs and tumor-targeting molecules by tumors, and migration patterns of near-infrared labeled cells in vivo.
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