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Biomedical subjects

B Bake

Publications and source records attributed to B Bake.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Regional lung function in patients with a complete radiographic regression of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Regional lung function was studied in 21 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma who demonstrated a complete radiographic regression of intrathoracic tumour after 3 months of combination chemotherapy. Spirometry was performed in 20 patients. VC and FEV1 were, on average, 89 and 88% of predicted normal values. Impairment of ventilation and/or perfusion at the site of previous tumour was documented in 13 patients, while no such abnormalities were observed in 8 cases. Reduction of blood flow was generally more severe than impairment of ventilation. Neither median survival nor disease-free 2-yr survival was improved in patients with normal regional lung function compared to patients with functional impairment. This lack of survival advantage suggests that factors other than persistent tumour, such as scar formation, may contribute to reduction of regional lung function after chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effect of platelet activating factor on the human nasal mucosa.

In order to determine the effect of PAF-acether on the vascular bed in the human nose, 11 healthy volunteers were studied. Rhinomanometry was performed to determine the effect on the capacitance vessels, and the 133Xe wash-out method enabled determination of the mucosal blood flow, regulated mainly by the resistance vessels. These measurements were made before and after topical administration of PAF-acether in three different doses; 0.26 micrograms, 2.6 micrograms and 26 micrograms per nostril. The results indicate that PAF-acether induces a dose-dependent vasoconstriction of the capacitance vessels and a reduction in mucosal blood flow. That PAF-acether should be a principal mediator in the allergic reaction in the human nose is not supported by these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Overestimation of inspiratory upper airway resistance.

Inspiratory resistance was found to be 10-50% larger than the expiratory in a model of the upper airways. This was most likely caused by a high kinetic energy component in the airstream close to the constriction reducing the lateral pressure in excess of what could be explained by the frictional pressure drop. Consequently, the inspiratory resistance was overestimated. During expiratory flow, on the other hand, the kinetic energy component at the same site in the trachea was smaller and similar to that in the mouthpiece resulting in an apparently adequate assessment of expiratory resistance. These results may explain why previous authors have found equal inspiratory and expiratory upper airway resistance although the vocal cords abduct during inspiration and adduct during expiration. Pressures obtained by means of the tracheal puncture appeared to be more reliable compared to those obtained from puncture of the cricothyroid membrane.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1984

A simple operation for bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

To reduce the laryngeal obstruction in bilateral vocal cord paralysis, a new method of laterofixation was developed. The method is technically simple and less traumatic than previously published methods. No peroperative tracheostomy is needed. During surgery two needles are inserted through the thyroid cartilage. A nylon thread is passed through the needles and the needles are then withdrawn. The thread thus forms a permanent loop around the vocal cord. The effects of the laterofixation on breathing and on the voice are documented by assessment of upper airway resistance and by two listening panels respectively. Thirteen patients have been operated upon so far. In most cases the breathing was improved and the influence on the voice was moderate and adjustable. If needed the possibility to perform a more extensive surgical procedure still remains. We suggest our method of laterofixation to be the first treatment of choice in patients suffering from bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prolonged red cell survival following in vitro treatment with potassium cyanate. A study in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

Red cel survival was prospectively studied, using Chromium-51 isotope, in 48 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for single valve replacement (SVR, 24 patients) or coronary bypass graft procedures (CABG, 24 patients). The red cells were labelled on the day before the open heart surgery. Cells from randomly selected patients were treated for 30 min with potassium cyanate (0.5 mg/100 ml) in 5% invertose solution or with 5% invertose alone. The mean red cell survival in the SVR and the CABG group was 21.3 and 23 days, respectively, when the cells had been treated with cyanate, and 12.7 and 12 days when only invertose had been used. In the cyanate groups the loss of isotope during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the first three postoperative days was significantly less than in the control groups indicating improved tolerance to the traumatic effects of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1984

Improved red cell survival in patients with chronic subclinical haemolysis due to artificial heart valve. Observations after in vitro treatment of the cells with potassium cyanate.

Red cell survival was studied with use of Chromium-51 isotope and standard haematologic tests of haemolysis. The study comprised 30 patients with normally functioning single artificial heart valves of various types. They were investigated on 2 or 3 occasions. Red cells labelled with Cr-51 were treated for 30 min with potassium cyanate (0.5 mg/100 ml) in 5% invertose or with only 5% invertose. The mean red cell survival without cyanate treatment was 25 (+/- 4.2) days. Following cyanate treatment this figure improved to 31 (+/-4.8) days. Low-grade chronic intravascular haemolysis was associated with all the valve types. Abnormal results were found in 67% and 62% of the tests in patients with ball-type valve (deBakey and Starr-Edwards, respectively). The figures for tilting disc values (Lillehei-Kaster and Björk-Shiley) were 51 and 45.5%, while Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthetic valves gave 15.5% abnormal test results. The findings thus suggested that ball valves are more haemolytic than tilting disc valves, which in turn are more haemolytic than tissue valves.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1984

Forced oscillation technique and maximum expiratory flows in bronchial provocation tests in children.

Variables obtained with the forced oscillation technique (total respiratory resistance and impedance at 2, 4 and 12 Hz) and with the forced vital capacity manoeuvre (FVC, FEV1, MMEF, MEF75, MEF50, MEF25) were used in the evaluation of the bronchial allergen challenge test in 2 groups of asthmatic children. Each method was applied in 15 provocation tests and the changes of the different variables, allowing for their respective variations, were compared with the clinical assessment. Agreement with the clinical evaluation was found in 15 of 15 occasions with the forced oscillation technique and in 12 of 15 occasions with the forced vital capacity manoeuvre. With the forced oscillation technique a bronchial reaction was detected in 6 of 10 patients at 1/10 of the allergen concentration that gave positive clinical signs and the single most sensitive variable was resistance determination at 4 Hz, with significant change in 5 of 10 cases. The forced vital capacity manoeuvre allowed detection of a bronchial reaction preceding clinical signs at a tenfold lower allergen concentration in 2 of 9 cases and the most sensitive variables were FEV1 and MEF25.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Primary hypogammaglobulinaemia: impaired lung function and body growth with delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment.

The prevalence of primary hypogammaglobulinaemia in Sweden was found to be at least 2.0/100,000, notwithstanding the average diagnostic delay of 12 years found in the 26 patients studied in detail in this report. Height and weight were reduced significantly in patients affected before 15 years of age, particularly in those inadequately treated. Lung function was affected in 19 patients, in 18 demonstrated by the single breath nitrogen test. According to dynamic spirometry and static lung volume measurements 8 were obstructive, 2 were restrictive and 2 had a combined impairment. Furthermore patients who had had inadequate immunoglobulin prophylaxis (less than 25 mg/kg per week) showed significantly worse lung function compared to those adequately treated. We conclude that efficient immunoglobulin prophylaxis supported by antibiotics when required, seems to promote normal growth and to inhibit development of disabling lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spirometric indices in the assessment of laryngeal obstruction.

To determine if spirometric indices allow detection and quantification of a laryngeal obstruction, we obtained oro-laryngeal airway resistance (Ro1) and several spirometric indices in 43 patients with various laryngeal diseases. Assuming Ro1 greater than or equal to 0.2 kPa/(1/s) to imply a laryngeal obstruction, the highest sensitivity was found for FIV1 = 2.0 1 (forced inspiratory volume in one second) being about 84% at a specificity of about 88%. The highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.72-0.83) were obtained between Ro1 and MIF50/MEF50 (the ratio between maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity) and between I/Ro1, and PIF (peak inspiratory flow), MIF50 and FIV1. In conclusion spirometric indices allow detection of a laryngeal obstruction in the majority of cases, but do not appear adequate for a quantitative assessment in an individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The single-breath N2-test and spirometry in healthy non-smoking males.

Healthy males (aged 30-70), who had never smoked, were studied. The 178 subjects were selected by systematic sampling from an urban population. Using the single-breath N2-washout test we measured the closing volume (CV) and the slope of the alveolar plateau (delta N2). A prediction equation for CV was produced by simple regression on age. delta N2 showed an accelerated increase with age above the age of 50. A curvilinear equation was established: delta N2 (%/1) = 0.85 + e0.0929 x A( yrs ) -6.302. Reference equations were also established for vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1 in per cent VC (FEV%) by means of linear multiple regression on age and height. The distribution of delta N2 was not homogenous throughout the age-range. As an upper limit of the reference range, we suggest 180% of the predicted value.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bronchodilator effect of terbutaline aerosol is not affected by propellant vapour pressure or dose volume.

A randomized, blind cross-over study was carried out in 12 patients with bronchial asthma to determine whether the bronchodilating effect of a metered dose inhaler was influenced by increasing the metering volume from 25 microliters to 50 microliters, or by increasing the vapour pressure from 374 kPa to 502 kPa. Spirometry, heart rate and tremor were recorded 15 min after terbutaline sulphate 31 micrograms, 63 micrograms, 125 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 2 X 250 micrograms and 5 X 250 micrograms. There was no significant difference in any of the variables recorded i.e. in forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity or in airflows when 50% and 25% of the FVC remained to be exhaled from the total lung capacity. It is concluded that the bronchodilating effect of a beta 2-agonist from a metered dose inhaler is not substantially affected by changes in metering volume or vapor pressure within the limits studied.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Lung function of sheet metal workers exposed to fiber glass.

Out of 532 registered and contacted sheet metal workers, 251 responded, but only seven pairs were acceptable for the present study due to the following requirement: no history of smoking, pleural plaques or asbestos exposure. Seven of these workers were exposed daily to fiber glass, and seven were almost never exposed. In a second step nine additional exposed workers were included. Ordinary spirometry, lung volumes, closing volumes and the slope of the alveolar plateau, the maximum expiratory flow in air and after helium-oxygen breathing, and the elastic recoil pressures were measured. No evidence of small airway dysfunction or restrictive or obstructive ventilatory impairment was found, but the elastic recoil pressures of the exposed group were slightly increased. Fiber glass can conceivably cause a corresponding faint and probably harmless fibrous reaction in the lung parenchyma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Is mild byssinosis associated with small airways disease?

Attempts were made to determine if, in the mild stage of byssinosis, there are changes located to small airways and if bronchial reactivity is increased. Twenty-two cotton workers from two cotton mills outside Gothenburg were studied, 6 non-smokers without a history of byssinosis and 16 mild byssinotics, 10 of whom were smokers. They were examined before a Monday shift and then re-examined after another Monday shift, one or two weeks later. Spirometry, lung volumes, the single-breath nitrogen wash-out test and the maximum expiratory flows after air and helium-oxygen breathing were obtained. The bronchial reactivity to methacholine was also assessed before and after shift. We found no indication of deteriorated test values in the non-smoking group regardless of symptoms of byssinosis. However, the reactivity to methacholine was clearly increased compared to a control group. We conclude that changes of small airways are probably not characteristic for mild byssinosis and therefore probably not the predominant location of byssinotic lung changes.

Acute Disease↗