Short gastric artery perforation after use of 'ecstasy'.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
B Andrews
Publications and source records attributed to B Andrews.
Reporting of anesthesia-related incidents: the New Jersey experience.
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Anesthesia, General↗
An essential component of a C-terminal domain phosphatase that interacts with transcription factor IIF in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
One of the essential components of a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II (RPII) large subunit C-terminal domain (CTD) is a novel polypeptide encoded by an essential gene termed FCP1. The Fcp1 protein is localized to the nucleus, and it binds the largest subunit of the yeast general transcription factor IIF (Tfg1). In vitro, transcription factor IIF stimulates phosphatase activity in the presence of Fcp1 and a second complementing fraction. Two distinct regions of Fcp1 are capable of binding to Tfg1, but the C-terminal Tfg1 binding domain is dispensable for activity in vivo and in vitro. Sequence comparison reveals that residues 173-357 of Fcp1 correspond to an amino acid motif present in proteins of unknown function predicted in many organisms.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
SBF cell cycle regulator as a target of the yeast PKC-MAP kinase pathway.
Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling is highly conserved among eukaryotes and has been implicated in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and growth. In the budding yeast, PKC1 functions to activate the SLT2(MPK1) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, which is required for the maintenance of cell integrity during asymmetric cell growth. Genetic studies, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and analysis of protein phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro indicate that the SBF transcription factor (composed of Swi4p and Swi6p), an important regulator of gene expression at the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition, is a target of the Slt2p(Mpk1p) MAP kinase. These studies provide evidence for a direct role of the PKC1 pathway in the regulation of the yeast cell cycle and cell growth and indicate that conserved signaling pathways can act to control key regulators of cell division.
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
Role of the casein kinase I isoform, Hrr25, and the cell cycle-regulatory transcription factor, SBF, in the transcriptional response to DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA damage or ribonucleotide depletion causes the transcriptional induction of an array of genes with known or putative roles in DNA repair. The ATM-like kinase, Mec1, and the serine/threonine protein kinases, Rad53 and Dun1, are required for this transcriptional response. In this paper, we provide evidence suggesting that another kinase, Hrr25, is also involved in the transcriptional response to DNA damage through its interaction with the transcription factor, Swi6. The Swi6 protein interacts with Swi4 to form the SBF complex and with Mbp1 to form the MBF complex. SBF and MBF are required for the G1-specific expression of G1 cyclins and genes required for S-phase. We show that Swi6 associates with and is phosphorylated by Hrr25 in vitro. We find that swi4, swi6, and hrr25 mutants, but not mbp1 mutants, are sensitive to hydroxyurea and the DNA-damaging agent methyl methane-sulfonate and are defective in the transcriptional induction of a subset of DNA damage-inducible genes. Both the sensitivity of swi6 mutants to methyl methanesulfonate and hydroxyurea and the transcriptional defect of hrr25 mutants are rescued by overexpression of SWI4, implicating the SBF complex in the Hrr25/Swi6-dependent response to DNA damage.
Casein Kinase I↗
A proposed credentialling model for Australian critical care nurses. CACCN Inc. Credentialling and Standards Committee.
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Australia↗
Is there a specific trauma precipitating anorexia nervosa?
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to explore the role of life events and difficulties in the onset of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and to find out whether events and difficulties with a specific meaning, i.e. those of a certain sexual nature, are important in the onset of anorexia nervosa. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 29 with bulimia nervosa (BN) were assessed with the life events and difficulties schedule (Brown & Harris, 1978), the year before onset was studied. A new dimension to measure specific meaning of life events and difficulties called 'pudicity' was developed. Subjects from two community cohorts were used as comparison groups (Brown & Harris, 1978; Andrews et al. 1990). RESULTS: Anorexic patients, bulimic patients and community controls did not differ in proportion of patients with at least one severe event; however, significantly more AN and BN patients than community controls had experienced a major difficulty. Sixty-seven per cent of anorexics and 76% of bulimia nervosa patients had either a severe event or a marked difficulty during the year before onset. In AN and BN the most common serious life stresses before onset concerned close relationships with family and friends with BN patients being significantly more often than AN patients directly involved in the problem (interpersonal events). Patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly more pudicity events before onset than BN patients or community controls. CONCLUSION: While serious life stresses commonly precede the onset of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, problems with sexuality seem to be specific in triggering the onset of anorexia nervosa.
Adolescent↗
Smoking among aboriginal health workers: findings of a 1995 survey in western New South Wales.
As part of the Western NSW Aboriginal Smoking Project (1995) a self-administered questionnaire surveyed regional Aboriginal health workers (AHWs) about their tobacco use and their awareness of smoking related health issues. The aim was to provide baseline information to guide the development of project interventions. The majority of respondents smoked. Among the smokers most said that they would like to quit smoking, and all said that they had tried to quit. All the smokers were interested in assistance to help them quit, and were interested in assistance to help them help others in their communities to quit. AHWs are a professional group whose smoking rates might typify that of their communities, and in the future they might provide indications of smoking trends in their communities.
Adolescent↗
Bodily shame in relation to abuse in childhood and bulimia: a preliminary investigation.
Bodily shame has been shown to play a mediating role in the relationship between experiences of childhood physical and sexual abuse and depression in mature women (Andrews, 1995). The current study investigated the role of such shame in the relationship between childhood abuse and bulimia in a community sample of 69 teenage and young adult women. A significant association between bodily shame and childhood abuse was replicated in this younger sample, an association which could not be explained by bodily dissatisfaction. In addition, bodily shame was significantly related to DSM-III bulimia, and this relationship could also not be explained by bodily dissatisfaction. Childhood abuse showed a significant association with bulimia, but this was no longer apparent once bodily shame had been taken into account. The results suggest bodily shame may act as a mediator between early abuse and bulimia, but this requires further confirmation in a longitudinal study.
Adolescent↗
A family of cyclin-like proteins that interact with the Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase.
In budding yeast, entry into the mitotic cell cycle, or Start, requires the Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) and one of its three associated G1 cyclins, Cln1, Cln2, or Cln3. In addition, two other G1 cyclins, Pcl1 and Pcl2, associate with a second Cdk, Pho85, to contribute to Start. Although Pho85 is not essential for viability, Pcl1,2-Pho85 kinase complexes become essential for Start in the absence of Cln1,2-Cdc28 kinases. In addition, Pho85 interacts with a third cyclin, Pho80, to regulate acid phosphatase gene expression. Other cellular roles for Pho85 cyclin-Cdk complexes are suggested by the multiple phenotypes associated with deletion of PHO85, in addition to Start defects and deregulated acid phosphatase gene expression. Strains with pho80, pcl1, and pcl2 deletions show only a subset of the pho85 mutant phenotypes, suggesting the existence of additional Pho85 cyclins (Pcls). We used two-hybrid screening and database searching to identify seven additional cyclin-related genes that may interact with Pho85. We found that all of the new genes encode proteins that interacted with Pho85 in an affinity chromatography assay. One of these genes, CLG1, was previously suggested to encode a cyclin, based on the protein's sequence homology to Pcl1 and Pcl2. We have named the other genes PCL5, PCL6, PCL7, PCL8, PCL9, and PCL10. On the basis of sequence similarities, the PCLs can be divided into two subfamilies: the Pcl1,2-like subfamily and the Pho80-like subfamily. We found that deletion of members of the Pcl1,2 class of genes resulted in pronounced morphological abnormalities. In addition, we found that expression of one member of the Pcl1,2 subfamily, PCL9, is cell cycle regulated and is decreased in cells arrested in G1 by pheromone treatment. Our studies suggest that Pho85 associates with multiple cyclins and that subsets of cyclins may direct Pho85 to perform distinct roles in cell growth and division.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Paraplegia: prolonged closed-loop standing with implanted nucleus FES-22 stimulator and Andrews' foot-ankle orthosis.
Our object is to develop a reliable, implantable and closed-loop functional electrical stimulator (FES) hybrid system for safe prolonged standing in paraplegic individuals. Open-loop FES systems rapidly induce muscle fatigue that limits paraplegic standing to less than 20 and typically 10 min. Since December 1991, a paraplegic male (CS: 23 years old, T10 level, Asia: A) has been implanted with the first Nucleus FES-22 channel stimulating system (Cochlear Ltd., Lane Cove, N.S.W., Australia). Epineural platinum disc electrodes (2.5 mm) were placed on branches of the femoral, gluteal and sciatic nerves, which can be activated to produce controlled lower extremity movements for exercise and standing. No medical complications have occurred during these 5 1/2 years of implantation. The ankles are stabilized with Andrews' ankle-foot braces, the knees are free to flex. With bilateral knee goniometers fitted to sense a 10 degrees angle flexion, this hybrid closed-loop stimulation system allows the patient to achieve safe uninterrupted standing for over 60 min. The stimulator has needed to be activated 'on' for 8% (range: 3-17%) of the standing times, preventing muscle fatigue, with little or no changes found in the vital signs. The patient can manipulate and transfer objects at arm length up to 2.2 kg with good stability. New, less obstrusive sensors are currently being tested for a safer and more reliable closed-loop system.
Adult↗
A tightly regulated high level expression vector that utilizes a thermosensitive lac repressor: production of the human T cell receptor V beta 5.3 in Escherichia coli.
A series of vectors has been constructed to express the human T cell receptor V beta 5.3 under the control of the hybrid trc promoter in Escherichia coli. Transcriptional induction of the trc promoter was achieved chemically by using isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in a bacterial strain that harbors the lacIq gene, or thermally by using the mutant lacIts gene that encodes a temperature-sensitive lac repressor [Bukrinsky et al. (1988) Multicopy expression vector based on temperature-regulated lac repressor: expression of human immunodeficiency virus env gene in Escherichia coli. Gene 70, 415-417]. Several of the plasmids tested also contain the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin II (STII) signal sequence for protein secretion. In addition, the gene 10 leader sequence from bacteriophage T7 and a minicistron localized upstream of the V beta 5.3 coding sequence were tested for their potential effect on protein production. These elements increased protein yield two-fold when transcription was induced by IPTG, but had no detectable effect on protein yield when transcription was induced thermally. The highest protein yield was obtained when V beta 5.3 was expressed either from plasmid pKB containing the STII signal in strain LJ24, or from plasmid pKBi that lacks the signal sequence, in the protease deficient strain SG21173 (lon, htpR. clp). Both plasmids contain the lacIts gene, the trc promoter, the two transcription terminators of the rrnB operon, and a tetracycline selection marker. Production of V beta 5.3 using pKBi-V beta 5.3 in strain SG21173 in a 5-liter fermenter under controlled growth conditions yielded over 25 mg V beta 5.3/liter culture. Conversion of the lacIts to the lacIqts gene yielded vector pKBiq-V beta 5.3 which exhibits complete repression of the trc promoter at 30 degrees C. This stringent regulation of the thermally inducible trc promoter, the elimination of IPTG, the inclusion of the tetracycline resistance gene, and the high level of protein yield should render this expression system broadly useful for the high level production of heterologous proteins in E. coli, for both basic research and human therapeutic applications.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The Clk/Sty protein kinase phosphorylates SR splicing factors and regulates their intranuclear distribution.
Mammalian Clk/Sty is the prototype for a family of dual specificity kinases (termed LAMMER kinases) that have been conserved in evolution, but whose physiological substrates are unknown. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, the Clk/Sty kinase specifically interacted with RNA binding proteins, particularly members of the serine/arginine-rich (SR) family of splicing factors. Clk/Sty itself has an serine/arginine-rich non-catalytic N-terminal region which is important for its association with SR splicing factors. In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping demonstrated that the sites on ASF/SF2 phosphorylated in vitro overlap with those phosphorylated in vivo. Immunofluorescence studies showed that a catalytically inactive form of Clk/Sty co-localized with SR proteins in nuclear speckles. Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Metered-dose inhaler technique of patients in an urban ED: prevalence of incorrect technique and attempt at education.
The metered-dose inhaler (MDI) techniques of 125 asthma patients who presented to a county hospital emergency department (ED) were evaluated. Correct technique was divided into 7 steps. Twenty-one percent of the patients performed all 7 steps correctly. Mean number of steps +/- SD performed correctly was 4.8 +/- 1.7. Verbal individualized instruction was used to improve the technique of patients whose technique was less than perfect. The instruction required a mean +/- SD of 8.3 +/- 5.8 minutes (range, 0 to 30) for all 7 steps to be done correctly at least once. All patients were able to perform all steps correctly after instruction. The amount of time required for teaching was proportional to the number of steps performed incorrectly. The Vitalograph Aerosol Inhalation Monitor was used to verify correct patient technique and as a teaching aid with variable success. Education in proper use of the MDI is important in the overall care of the asthma patient; however, instruction requires a definite time commitment and may not be feasible for all patients in a busy ED. For some patients, alternatives that require less lengthy instruction, such as the use of breath-actuated devices, spacers, and reservoirs, may be required.
Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
Industrial atmospheric pollution, historical land use patterns and mortality.
BACKGROUND: The measurement of atmospheric pollution for epidemiological studies is problematic. This study presents a new proxy measure of atmospheric pollution of industrial origin and uses it to determine, at electoral ward level, the relationship between atmospheric pollution and all-cause mortality. METHODS: All-cause Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR), all ages, and for persons under 65 years for the period 1984-1988, proportions of land in each ward utilized by industrial works (the proxy for atmospheric pollution) and levels of socioeconomic deprivation of the ward residents were compared in 104 electoral wards. RESULTS: The all-age SMR in the 22 wards containing the largest proportions of industrial land (113) was 9.7 per cent higher than the SMR (103) in the 60 wards with no industrial land. The under 65 years SMR in the 22 highly industrialized wards (120) was 22.4 per cent higher than the SMR (98) in the wards with no industrial land. After matching the levels of deprivation, the all-age SMR in the 15 wards containing over 10 per cent industrial land (116) was significantly higher than the SMR in 15 wards containing no industrial land (108); corresponding figures for the under 65 years SMR were 135 and 118. CONCLUSIONS: A greater proportion of industrial land in a ward is associated with a higher mortality of the ward residents, even after controlling for the level of socio-economic deprivation of the residents. The association between deprivation and mortality is stronger than the association between atmospheric pollution and mortality. There is an urgent need for better measures of atmospheric pollution which are usable in epidemiological studies.
Adolescent↗
Self-critical attitudes and parental criticism in young women.
It has been suggested that self-criticism derived from the family environment is a major vulnerability factor for depression. We tested in a sample of young women the hypothesis that self-criticism would be linked to parental reports of criticism, with perceived parental criticism playing a mediating role. Results indicated that self-criticism over appearance was independent of the other types of self-criticism measured. The data revealed additionally that self-criticism was related, independently of depression, to perceived parental criticism, but not to parents' own reports of criticism. Self-criticism over appearance was not related to parental variables.
Adolescent↗
Extended in vivo half-life of human soluble complement receptor type 1 fused to a serum albumin-binding receptor.
A new approach has been used to extend the T(1/2) of human soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) in rats. The albumin-binding domains B2A3 (BA) and B1A2B2A3 (BABA) from Streptococcal protein G were fused to the carboxyl terminus of sCR1, and the recombinant genes were expressed and amplified in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Western blot analysis and surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrated the binding of rat serum albumin to both sCR1-BA and sCR1-BABA but not to sCR1. The in vitro complement inhibitory activity of the fusion proteins was shown to be similar to that of sCR1, indicating that neither the albumin-binding domains nor the presence of bovine serum albumin interfere with sCR1 function. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the T(1/2) of the distribution phase (T(1/2alpha)) was 3.3, 20.0 and 6.0 min for sCR1, sCR1-BA and sCR1-BABA, respectively. The T(1/2) of the elimination phase (T(1/2beta)) was 103, 297 and 170 min for sCR1, sCR1-BA and sCR1-BABA, respectively. The plasma elimination of sCR1-BA and sCR1-BABA was significantly (P < .05) prolonged as compared to sCR1. The proteins showed similar tissue distribution; at 4-hr postdosing, the highest levels of 125I-radioactivity per gram of tissue were localized in the urine, blood, liver, stomach, and small intestine.
Animals↗
Oxidisability of low density lipoproteins in patients with carotid or femoral artery atherosclerosis.
Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study the susceptibility to oxidation of LDL (from patients with atherosclerosis) is related to the progression of the disease. LDL were isolated from 37 patients with demonstrable atherosclerotic plaques. The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation (induced by an exogenous oxidative stress) was assessed by measuring the breakdown products of lipid peroxidation, the increased formation of conjugated dienes, and changes in surface charge of the apolipoprotein B (apo B). Progression of the atherosclerotic plaque was assessed by measuring the maximum velocity of blood through the narrowest portion of the vessel at inclusion and after one year. Twenty-nine of the 37 samples taken were found to have LDL that were partially oxidised, whereas 8 samples showed LDL whose state of oxidation was within the normal range. Progression of the atherosclerotic plaque occurred in 19 (66%) of the 29 patients whose lipoproteins were partially oxidised compared with only 2 (25%) of the 8 patients with normal lipoproteins (P = 0.055, Fisher's exact test). These data support an association between the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid and femoral vessels and the susceptibility to oxidation of LDL.
Aged↗