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Biomedical subjects

B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to B Anderson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of silver on whole cells and spheroplasts of a silver resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Electron micrographs of a silver resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in the presence of 50 micrograms/ml Ag+ indicate that the surviving cells are resistant at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. Spheroplasts of the resistant strain were not lysed by 1 h contact with 8 micrograms/ml Ag+, but were 36% and 22% lysed by 1 h contact with 20 micrograms/ml chlorhexidine and 40 micrograms/ml polysorbate 80, respectively. Spheroplasts of a silver sensitive strain of P. aeruginosa were lysed by 22% on contact with 1 microgram/ml Ag+ for 1 h.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1984

Antisera specificities to 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide adducts of proteins.

Animals were immunized with either 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI)-coupled peptide hapten-protein carrier conjugates or with N-acylurea EDCI derived protein carrier. Sera from all animals demonstrated antibody to N-acylurea EDCI when tested by double immunodiffusion using N-acylurea EDCI coupled to a heterologous carrier. Two rabbit antisera, one produced to EDCI-coupled peptide-24-thyroglobulin and another produced to N-acylurea EDCI derived thyroglobulin were further characterized using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Competitive binding assays using either EDCI-coupled peptide-protein conjugates or N-acylurea EDCI derived proteins demonstrated the presence of N-acylurea EDCI reactive antibodies. Such antibodies were also shown to react with the EDCI isourea employed as inhibitor. The specificity of the anti-EDCI antibodies to portions of the EDCI molecule was demonstrated using structural analogues of EDCI. Both 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and 2-dimethylaminoethanol effectively inhibited anti-N-acylurea EDCI reactivity. These results show that when EDCI is used as a coupling agent, antibody is produced to N-acylurea EDCI-carrier, the antibody being primarily directed to the 3-dimethylaminopropyl end of the EDCI molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Residual tumor following radiotherapy for locally advanced carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Prognostic significance.

Over a five-year period from 1977 to 1982, 120 patients with locally advanced carcinomas of the uterine cervix were surgically staged by lymphadenectomy and laparotomy. Radiotherapy was then administered according to the pelvic extent of disease, and all patients underwent extrafascial total hysterectomy with adnexectomy at ten weeks after completing radiation therapy. The presence or absence of residual tumor in the hysterectomy specimen appeared to be an important prognostic factor in treatment success or failure. Patients with no residual tumor were found to have an excellent prognosis. Those with residual tumor clear of the resection margins were at risk for distant metastases. Only one survivor was noted in the group of patients in whom the margins of resection were involved with tumor, nearly all of these patients dying from local recurrences. Major operative morbidity in the series was minimal, and consisted of a single ureterovaginal fistula, which required urinary diversion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

The effect of plasma glucose variability on neonatal outcome in the pregnant diabetic patient.

Maternal glucose variability was studied in 154 pregnant diabetic patients hospitalized during the last month of their pregnancies. By means of several statistical analyses of the coefficient of variation for within-day plasma glucose variability, we found as follows. (1) There was a significant association between maternal glucose variability and neonatal outcome. (2) Patients with greater glucose variability had more episodes of hyperglycemia, but not hypoglycemia. (3) There was no correlation between maternal glucose variability and the birth weight of the infant. We are proposing the use of an index for glucose variability to monitor glucose control in pregnancy and predict neonatal outcome. Although absence of glucose variability will not ensure prevention of neonatal complications, there is a clear association between greater glucose variability and neonatal complications.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Potentiation of antibody responses by specific IgM: specificity and thymus dependency.

Modulation of antibody responses induced by IgM directed against the immunogen was investigated. When IgM directed against ox erythrocytes (ORBC) was given together with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-ORBC, the subsequent antibody response to the carrier, ORBC, as well as the response to the hapten, TNP, was potentiated. In contrast, IgG with carrier specificity inhibited both responses. The hapten-specific potentiation was found in both direct and indirect plaques, and was antigen-dose dependent, i.e., no potentiation was found with the lowest antigen doses. The response to 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-labeled proteins was potentiated by a monoclonal IgM with specificity for the hapten. The effects were observed both in primary and secondary responses. One strict requirement for IgM potentiation to occur was observed. The determinant against which potentiation was achieved had to be physically linked to the determinant against which the IgM was directed, be it hapten or carrier determinants. Thus, irrelevant IgM-antigen complexes were incapable of potentiating the responses. Similar specificity requirements were found for IgG induced suppression of antibody responses. Experiments with nude mice and their euthymic littermates showed that IgM potentiation of antibody production is T-cell dependent. Furthermore, passive transfer of carrier-primed spleen cells together with antigen challenge suggests that IgM potentiation of secondary antibody responses is dependent on specific carrier-primed immune T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ovarian carcinoma: management of stress in patients and physicians.

A discussion of the management of ovarian cancer invariably involves the problems of death and dying faced by the patient, her family, and her physician. This paper attempts to deal with the general fears, anxieties, and problems of terminality, and also places attention on specific issues involved in living with the ongoing disease and its treatments. Focus is on the effects of the disease on the woman's self-image, on her family and relationships, on life outside the hospital, and on her relationship with her attending physician. Specific problems relating to the periods of (1) diagnosis, (2) operative management and treatment, and (3) terminality are discussed. Understanding the psychosocial realities of the patient provides the physician with added insights into methods to assist the patient in adaptation and coping with this ultimately fatal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Short-lived effect of (Des-Tyr)-gamma-endorphin in schizophrenia.

Des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) has been reported to alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia. Attempting to replicate those reports, we administered 1 mg of DT gamma E, i.m., for 8 consecutive days to nine patients meeting the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. Patients in this double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled study showed a statistically significant, but clinically modest improvement. The improvement was detectable during the first several days of the DT gamma E treatment; the symptoms then returned to baseline level in spite of continued doses of DT gamma E. Testing the metabolism of DT gamma E in the patients' plasma, we found a high rate of formation and of degradation, but the metabolic rates were not related to clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tracheloscopically directed biopsy of the endocervical canal in stage II adenocarcinomas of the endometrium.

Endoscopic inspection of the endocervical canal (tracheloscopy) appears to be a rapid, reliable diagnostic technique to confirm the presence of endometrial neoplasms involving the endocervix found at fractional curettage. A series is presented in which 68% of patients with "positive" endocervical curettage were found to have no involvement of the endocervix by tracheloscopy and biopsy, which was confirmed by subsequent hysterectomy. The technique is discussed, and the use of this procedure in the staging of endometrial malignancies is recommended.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of endometrial carcinoma with radiation therapy alone.

Of 393 patients treated at Tufts-New England Medical Center for endometrial carcinoma from 1968-1977, 66 patients underwent radiation therapy alone because of medical contraindications to surgery. The median age for this group was 70 years. The patient distribution was Stage I (39), Stage II (11), and Stage III and IV (16). Therapy consisted of pelvic irradiation to a dose of 4000-5000 rads followed by an intrauterine radium application (3000-5000 mg hr.) and a vaginal radium application (2000-4000 rads to the surface). Local control was achieved in 37 of 50 patients with Stages I and II disease with a three-year actuarial survival of 78%. Patients with Stages III and IV disease had a median survival of 15 months; 4 of 16 patients survived for 36 months. In this group of patients, bleeding pain, and vaginal discharge was palliated. Four patients in the series had treatment-related bowel complications requiring colostomy. This is an effective method of treatment for endometrial carcinoma patients who are not surgical candidates.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1982

Naloxone, tardive dyskinesia, and endogenous beta-endorphin.

The subjects were 13 psychiatric inpatients with tardive dyskinesia. Each subject participated in two sessions. Either naloxone (10 mg) or placebo was administered intravenously during each session. In a subset of subjects (n = 7), blood samples for beta-endorphin were drawn before and at 30 and 60 minutes after the injection. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale was administered before and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, and 360 minutes after the injection. Double-blind procedures were maintained throughout the experiment. Neither naloxone nor placebo had any appreciable effect on the involuntary movements. Naloxone elicited a significant increase in the plasma beta-endorphin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Circumcision: II. Effects upon mother-infant interaction.

The effects of circumcision upon mother-infant interaction were examined in an observational study of 59 mother-infant pairs during hospital feedings on days 2 and 3 of life. Each pair was observed during 4 hospital feedings using a specifically designed mother-infant interaction observation system that examined 43 discreet behaviours relating to feeding, gaze, facial expression, vocalizations and touch. The experimental group was circumcised after the second feeding and the control group after the fourth feeding. Analysis revealed no major behavioral differences between the experimental and control groups. Yet, different trends between the two groups were observed regarding two variables shortly after surgery. These differences disappeared by 24 h post-operatively. Differences related to the frequency of feeding intervals and infant availability scores. The study also revealed a surprisingly limited repertoire of behavior exhibited by both the mother and infant during feeding sessions. Our data suggest that circumcision has brief and transitory effects on mother-infant interactions observed during hospital feeding sessions, the only time mothers who are not rooming-in have an opportunity to be with their infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Red blood cell cold agglutinins and B lymphocyte cytotoxins in breast cancer sera.

Cytotoxic activity towards B-lymphocytes in sera from individuals with breast carcinoma was related to red blood cell cold agglutinin levels and IgM values. The control group consisted of 32 females with a similar age distribution. Significant increases in red blood cell cold agglutinin levels were found in the group of cancer patients and the group with the histological category of mucin-producing carcinoma with lymphocyte cytotoxins (p less than 0.025, respectively), in comparison to the control group and cancer patients without lymphocyte cytotoxins. Serum IgM concentrations were significantly increased in the group of cancer patients (p less than 0.025) and the group with mucin-producing carcinoma (p less than 0.01) with lymphocyte cytotoxins, in comparison to cancer patients and controls without lymphocyte cytotoxins. The lymphocyte cytotoxins were completely or partially adsorbed by red blood cells in 58% of the positive sera. These results suggest that red blood cell cold agglutinins constitute a portion of cytotoxic anti-B lymphocyte antibodies. At present it is unknown whether the lymphocytotoxic antibodies in breast cancer patients are of importance in immunologic host defenses.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗