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Biomedical subjects

B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to B Anderson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of flexor tenosynovitis of the hand ('trigger finger') with corticosteroids. A prospective study of the response to local injection.

We developed a protocol to maximize medical therapy for "trigger finger." Fifty-eight patients with 77 episodes of flexor tenosynovitis of the hand that was resistant to rest, therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or splinting were treated with single or multiple injections of depo-methylprednisolone acetate or triamcinolone acetonide. Patients were prospectively followed up for an average of 4.6 years. Results showed that symptoms and signs resolved in 61% after a single injection. Recurrent episodes, after prolonged pain-free intervals, occurred in 27% and were effectively re-treated with injection. In 12% of cases, either injection failed or early recurrence required surgical release. Local adverse reactions to injection, including pain at the injection site, stiffness, ecchymosis, or atrophy of subcutaneous fat, were self-limited. No episodes of postinjection infection or tendon rupture occurred. The medical management of flexor tenosynovitis with local corticosteroid injection(s) is effective in nearly 90% of cases and is free from serious adverse reactions.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1991

Monoclonal antibodies detect monocyte/macrophage activation and differentiation antigens and identify functionally distinct subpopulations of human rheumatoid synovial tissue macrophages.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to functionally heterogeneous populations of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue macrophages and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated U937 cells were generated. These MAbs were used to characterize macrophages in situ in the synovial pannus and to study relative antigen expression on the surface of cells isolated from the synovium and from normal peripheral blood. Monoclonal antibody 3D8, an anti-CD13 MAb, reacts with an antigen expressed on the surface of blood monocytes and is a monocyte activation-related antigen that is upregulated by exposure of monocytes to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and LPS. The expression of the 3D8 antigen increases in parallel with MHC class II antigen expression and also is upregulated in culture as monocytes mature to macrophages. 3D8 antigen is expressed strongly on RA synovial tissue lining cells, which are thought to be composed of macrophages. 8D7 antigen expression, detected by MAb 8D7, increases on blood monocytes on cellular activation with LPS and interferon-gamma, but in contrast to the 3D8 antigen, does not increase with monocyte maturation in vitro. The 8D7 antigen is expressed differentially on density-defined macrophage subpopulations isolated from RA synovial tissue and is expressed more strongly on macrophages that are nonangiogenic than those that are angiogenic.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Critical care nurse perceptions of family needs.

Family needs research has for the most part focused on the families' perceptions when a significant other is admitted to the intensive care unit. We examined critical care nurse perceptions of family needs. The questionnaire "Needs of Families of Critically Ill Patients" was given to 126 intensive care unit nurses. The tool was an adaptation of Molter's questionnaire "Needs of Relatives of Critically Ill Patients." The revised tool examined nurse perception of family needs, perception of time available to meet the needs in daily practice, and the best professional to meet the family need if the need was identified as best met by someone other than the nurse. The majority of the nurses perceived family needs as important or very important, and 85% of the nurses indicated that they were able to meet family needs and had the time to do so. Cognitive family were ranked higher than psychologic or personal and physical needs. Nurses from the four intensive care units ranked family needs significantly differently, a result that may be influenced by differing patient acuity and patient length of stay on individual units. Nurses' perceptions of family needs were influenced by units worked, length of time practicing in critical care, educational preparation, and length of time in nursing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Scientific, medical, and practical aspects of stretching.

This article addresses the medical, scientific, and practical aspects of stretching. Sections include information on the physiology of flexibility and stretching, stretching versus warm-up, and the clinical evaluation of flexibility. Detailed instructions for numerous stretching exercises for the major muscle groups are provided. Techniques for proper stretching are included.

Exercise↗
PubMed1990

Metabolism of adipose tissue in intraabdominal depots in severely obese men and women.

In groups of obese men and women with an abdominal type of fat distribution, we measured fat cell size, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and lipolysis stimulated by norepinephrine (NE) or isoproterenol (ISO) or inhibited by insulin, in subcutaneous abdominal and retroperitoneal (nonportal), as well as in omental and mesenteric (portal) adipose tissues. Both men and women had large intraabdominal adipocytes. No differences were found between the two groups of obese subjects in fat cell size or LPL activity in the different adipose tissue regions. Women had as high NE- or ISO-stimulated lipolysis in the portal as in nonportal fat tissues, equally high as that found in men. In comparisons with a previous study in nonobese men and women, these results show an increased fat cell size in all tissues in obese women and an increased lipolysis in portal tissues in obese women and in nonportal tissues in obese men. Taken together, these results might mean that obese men and abdominally obese women have a large potential to release free fatty acids (FFA) from intraabdominal depots. This might be followed by metabolic derangements seen in such groups of obese subjects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary results of a pilot study of pentoxifylline in the treatment of late radiation soft tissue necrosis.

Between September 1988 and August 1989, 12 patients with 15 sites of late radiation necrosis of the soft tissues were treated with pentoxifylline, a hemorrheologic agent that has been used to treat a variety of vasculo-occlusive disorders. Four of these necroses were located in the oromucosa, four in the mucosa of the female genitalia, and seven in the skin. At the time of analysis, 87% (13/15) of the necroses had healed completely, and one was partially healed. Furthermore, the time-course of healing with pentoxifylline was significantly less than the duration of nonhealing prior to pentoxifylline (average: 9 weeks vs 30 1/2 weeks). All patients had pain relief. These results indicate that pentoxifylline can contribute to the healing of soft tissue radiation necrosis. They also support the concept that late radiation injury in skin and mucosa is at least partly due to vascular injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The expert witness.

The rewards for suits for medical negligence have generated a service industry for plaintiff's lawyers. The provision of "experts" for a contingency fee and the solicitation of plaintiff's attorneys by some physicians to serve as "experts" for large fees may result in highly biased and inaccurate testimony. Ethical expert witness testimony involves knowledge of the commonly accepted principles of treatment at the time of the alleged negligence, recognition of possible multiple accepted avenues of therapy, and testimony that educates the court and jury rather than obfuscates and distorts for personal gain.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed1990

The effects of marital status and partner support on rape trauma.

Psychological functioning within the first four weeks after rape was compared for married and single victims. Marital status did not significantly affect psychological symptoms following the assault. For married women, lack of support by the partner--particularly when it was unexpected--was significantly related to poor psychological functioning after the rape.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Frequency of recovery of Blastocystis hominis in clinical practice.

We examined the frequency of isolation of Blastocystis hominis from stools of patients seen in an indigent-care teaching hospital. Over a 2-year period, 2,744 stool specimens were examined prospectively. B. hominis was found in 262 stools (9.5% of all stool specimens and 53.5% of the positive specimens). Clinical data were obtained from 80 patients with stools positive for B. hominis. B. hominis was the only parasite isolated in 39 of 47 (83%) of the adults, compared with 17 of 33 (52%) of the children (p = 0.006). All but 2 of 52 patients without concomitant parasitic infection or bacterial pathogens in stool had gastrointestinal symptoms (41 abdominal pain, 26 diarrhea, and 5 vomiting), but no association was seen with fever, peripheral leukocytosis, stool occult blood, fecal leukocytes, or endoscopic or radiologic evidence of colitis. Therefore, B. hominis was frequently recovered from stools examined in a hospital clinical parasitology laboratory. The clinical presentations of patients in our series did not suggest that B. hominis was invasive. Most patients with B. hominis probably do not require treatment since they will either have spontaneous resolution of symptoms or will be found to have an alternative explanation for their problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Smell and taste function in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effect of long-term oxygen via nasal cannulas.

It was hypothesized that subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving long-term oxygen via nasal cannulas have an impaired sense of smell and/or taste. To objectively evaluate the sense of smell and taste, this study used the University of Pennsylvania Identification Test (UPSIT), a 40-item "scratch-n-sniff" test and a 20-item taste test using the four basic taste sensations of sweet, salt, sour, and bitter. Twenty subjects (15 male, 5 female) with severe COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy (group 1), and an equal number of age- and sex-matched subjects with COPD not receiving oxygen therapy (group 2), and a healthy control group (group 3) were studied. Twelve subjects (seven male, five female) from group 1 subsequently underwent transtracheal oxygen catheter installation. Mean +/- SD for the basic smell test was significantly greater in group 3 (35.35 +/- 3.58) as compared with group 1 (27.70 +/- 6.07) or group 2 (31.10 +/- 4.95) (p less than 0.005). The difference between group 1 and 2 was not significant (p = 0.066). However, when adjusted for pack years of smoking, there were no significant differences between the three groups. Mean +/- SD correct responses for the basic taste test were significantly greater in group 3 (15.75 +/- 1.81) as compared with group 2 (12.8 +/- 2.78) (p less than 0.005) and group 1 (14.00 +/- 2.33) (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2. The corrected data for taste, adjusted for years since quitting smoking, did not alter the basic differences between the groups. Mean smell and taste test scores were essentially unchanged in 12 subjects after six months of transtracheal oxygen therapy. Long-term oxygen use via nasal cannulas in this group of subjects with COPD did not appear to impair their sense of smell and taste. Smoking had a significant but variable effect on the sense of smell and taste.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Psychological characteristics of adults with IDDM. Comparison of patients in poor and good glycemic control.

This study was conducted to evaluate selected psychosocial characteristics of contrasting groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), i.e., patients with persistently poor versus good glycemic control. Patients with chronic poor control reported feeling physically best at higher blood glucose levels than patients with good control. They also reported a higher threshold for physical symptoms caused by hyperglycemia without any difference in threshold for hypoglycemic symptoms. No differences between groups were found in level of diabetes knowledge, self-esteem, or psychiatric symptomatology. This study suggests that poorly controlled adult patients have underlying perceptions of hyperglycemic symptoms and physical well-being that distinguish them from patients with well-controlled diabetes. The design of this study does not allow for determination of the causal direction in this relationship. Although these patient reports about glycemic and physical symptoms may be post hoc justifications or unreliable beliefs, they also may be accurate perceptions of physical symptom experiences and therefore could influence their self-care activities with resulting chronic problems in glycemic control. Further research is needed to assess the validity of these observations and their possible role in long-term regulation of glycemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Crossed aprosodia in strongly dextral patients.

Two strongly right-handed patients with aprosodia following left hemisphere strokes are described. These patients appear to represent the aprosodia analogue of crossed aphasia--crossed aprosodia--and provide further evidence that the organization of the effective components of language is functionally and anatomically similar to the organization of the propositional components of language in the brain. In addition, both patients evidenced "double-crossed" agraphia involving the left hand.

Affect↗
PubMed1989

Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange tests in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. III. Results with 27 chemicals.

Twenty-seven chemicals previously tested in rodent carcinogenicity assays were tested for induction of chromosomal aberrations (ABS) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as part of a larger analysis of the correlation between results of in vitro genetic toxicity assays and carcinogenicity bioassays. Chemicals were tested up to toxic doses with and without exogenous metabolic activation. Seventeen of the chemicals tested were carcinogens; only two of these were negative for both ABS and SCE. Of the eight noncarcinogens tested, four were negative for both endpoints (ABS and SCE) and four gave a positive response for at least one endpoint. Of the remaining two chemicals, one, diallyl phthalate, gave an equivocal response in the bioassay and a positive response in these CHO cell cytogenetics tests. The other chemical, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, was tested for carcinogenicity as a mixture with the 2,6-isomer; the mixture was carcinogenic, but the cytogenetic test results for the 2,4-isomer were negative. Only six of the 27 chemicals tested produced an effect in one endpoint alone; the other 21 were either positive or negative for both ABS and SCE. Only one of the 27 chemicals tested required S9 for a positive response in the SCE test; two chemicals required S9 for a positive result in the ABS test. Experiments with unsynchronized CHO cells demonstrated that mean SCE frequency increased with increasing culture time, and this may have been a factor in the positive results obtained for five chemicals in the SCE test under conditions of delayed harvest.

Animals↗