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Biomedical subjects

B Akikusa

Publications and source records attributed to B Akikusa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Tubulointerstitial changes in systemic vasculitic disorders: a quantitative study of 18 biopsy cases.

Tubulointerstitial alterations were studied in 18 biopsy cases of systemic vasculitis. To evaluate the changes more objectively, two indexes, the number of interstitial inflammatory cells and tubulitis percentage, were used. The group means of both of these indexes were statistically higher than those of the autopsy control group, while 14 of the cases (77.8%) showed a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between individual means and the control group means. On the other hand, tubulointerstitial changes in systemic vasculitis seemed to be less prominent than drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) according to these indexes. However, comparing these indexes with those of drug-induced TIN, six cases (33.3%) of systemic angiitis could be regarded as having developed pathologic changes similar to TIN. Statistical difference was not shown in the indexes between those patients with histologic evidence of necrotizing angiitis and those without it. Clinically, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was abnormally high in all three examined cases, reflecting the damage of renal tubular epithelial cells. Not only the vascular and glomerular lesions, but also tubulointerstitial changes, should be evaluated in the renal biopsy specimen of systemic vasculitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the colon. Report of a case.

A rare case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma arising in the sigmoid colon, found accidentally during an operation for cholecystolithiasis, is reported. The tumor was located 40 cm from the anal verge, and had two histologic variations consisting of a large distended cystic lesion and branching cystic channels with papillary proliferation of the epithelium. Serial sections revealed the existence of a luminal communication between the two lesions. The tumor tissue was seen mainly in the muscularis propria with no mucosal involvement. The papillary portion had a highly differentiated appearance, giving rise to considerable difficulty in determining whether it was benign or malignant. In a localized area, however, the tumor invaded into the subserosa and showed distinctive atypical changes. The tumor cells showed intense reactivity for carcinoembryonic antigen. This mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was considered to be originated from an enterogenous cyst, a possible derivative of duplication of the colon. The differential diagnosis concerning this rare tumor is also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Amyloidosis complicating idiopathic myelofibrosis.

Three cases of amyloidosis occurring in the later course of idiopathic myelofibrosis were studied at autopsy. In these cases, the amyloid deposition was seen only in the renal glomerulus, which had caused proteinuria. Although their exact nature could not be determined by immunohistochemistry, the amyloid deposits in the three cases were permanganate resistant and exhibited the same organ distribution, indicating a similarity in their character. These cases suggest that amyloidosis might be a complication of idiopathic myelofibrosis, implying that idiopathic myelofibrosis could be a disorder underlying amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on the liver following partial hepatectomy in rats].

The safety of pre-operative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), especially on the relation to hepatic regeneration following partial hepatectomy, was evaluated in rats. TAE was done through a catheter cannulated into hepatic artery under laparotomy. The remarkable elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT levels were demonstrated a day after TAE, which returned to normal on third post operative day. No influence of the difference of embolized materials was seen on the changes of transaminase levels. TAE severely decreased hepatic microsomal functional mass measured by [14C]-aminopyrine breath test (ABT) and the recovery of microsomal functional mass was shown on the 14th day after TAE. Histologically, recanalization could not be revealed in embolized arterioles even on the 21st day after TAE. But trabecular pattern of hepatic lobules was preserved after TAE. The serious inhibition of DNA synthesis of regenerating liver was demonstrated when TAE was performed within 14 days prior to partial hepatectomy (p less than 0.001-0.05). The period from TAE to partial hepatectomy had a influence on the survival rate after partial hepatectomy, and when appropriate interval was taken after TAE, the survival rate increased significantly (33%-50% in 24 hours interval and 88% in 14 days interval). In conclusion, preoperative TAE remarkably suppressed hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and appropriate time when suppressed hepatic functional mass, such as microsomal functional mass measured by ABT, returned to pre TAE value was required to perform hepatectomy in safety.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental systemic amyloidosis induced by immunization with syngeneic organ extracts in mice.

Systemic amyloidosis was induced consistently in mice by intramuscular injection of syngeneic organ (liver and kidney) extracts mixed with CFA six times at weekly intervals. Syngeneic organ extract with CFA also induced amyloidosis of a lesser degree. All three strains of mice (C57BL/6, C3H/He, and BALB/c) injected with a syngeneic liver extract mixed with CFA developed systemic amyloidosis; the most prominent amyloid deposition occurred in C57BL/6 (B6) mice, followed by C3H/He and BALB/c. The amyloid substance deposited in these animals was identified as mouse amyloid A protein (AA). Furthermore, an organ specificity of the immunogen in inducing amyloidosis was suggested with liver and kidney extracts. Primed spleen cells of the immunized B6 mice were fractionated by a nylon-wool column and injected to normal recipient mice via the tail vein. Organs of the recipient mice developed systemic amyloidosis 8 wk after the transfer, and the most prominent histological changes occurred in the recipient mice given nylon-wool column adherent spleen cells. Using anti-Thy-1,2; Ly-1; Ly-2, antibody and complement, it was suggested that T cells, especially Ly-1,2,3+ T cell populations in the primed nylon-wool adherent cells, play an important role in the induction of systemic amyloidosis. It was shown further that the amyloidosis-inducing substance in liver extract was composed of unstable proteins or protein-bound substance.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1986

A scanning electron microscopic study of crescentic Masugi nephritis in the rabbit.

Crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced in the rabbit with two intravenous injections of goat nephrotoxic serum (NTS). Prominent proliferative glomerulonephritis, characterized by intracapillary as well as extracapillary emigration of monocytes and fibrin deposition, developed 7 days after the first injection. The changes rapidly progressed to crescent formation. In order to observe alterations of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) related to crescent formation, unfixed, isolated glomeruli were treated with Triton X-100. The GBM thus denuded was shown to have a number of microperforations, which subsequently became much larger holes or fissures. It is suggested that monocytes and fibrin deposits may play a role in the induction of the GBM change.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental gold nephropathy in guinea pigs: detection of autoantibodies to renal tubular antigens.

Renal tubular dysfunction was induced in Hartley guinea pigs by injection of sodium aurothiomalate (gold) as manifested by excretion of tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen and renal tubular epithelial (RTE) antigen in urine and tubular proteinuria. Following the tubular dysfunction, autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and/or immune complex nephropathy (ICN) developed in a large proportion of animals. TIN was associated with anti-TBM antibodies, and the histological features were characterized by tubular lesions with interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, destruction of tubules, and interstitial fibrosis. In ICN, the glomerular lesions consisted of partial thickening of capillary walls and mesangial cellularity, and granular immune deposits were seen in the mesangial area and on capillary walls. Furthermore, electron-dense deposits were demonstrated in the mesangial area and in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by electron microscopy. Anti-RTE antibodies were detected in the sera and eluates from the kidney of animals with ICN. RTE antigens were also detected in the glomerular deposits by indirect immunofluorescence using anti-guinea pig RTE antibody. These results suggest that TBM and RTE antigens released from renal tubules damaged by a direct toxic action of gold may lead to antibody formation against these antigens and induce TIN and/or ICN.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An autopsy case of adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

This is a report of an autopsy case (45-year-old woman) of adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with a long-lasting course of 25 years. In the course of her illness, gait disturbance, bulbar palsy and dementia were observed. Pathologically severe neuronal loss and hemosiderin-like granules were found in the cortex, basal nuclei, thalamus and others. The residual cells of these tissues were swollen with lipofuscin-like pigments. The extremely swollen nerve cells were found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Electron microscopically, numerous curvilinear bodies, myelin figures and fingerprint profiles were seen in those cytoplasms. Ceroid and lipofuscin were proven by a histochemical examination.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Glomerulonephritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Report of five cases and review of the literature.

We reported five cases of glomerulonephritis developed in the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which had no apparent relation with therapeutic agents. Systemic angiitis was observed in patient 1 and overlapping of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with RA was implied in patient 2, while the other three patients did not show these changes. Renal biopsies were performed in all of the cases and glomerular deposition of immune complexes was suggested by both the immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings, though the amount was variable. Furthermore, cases of glomerulonephritis in patients with RA were reviewed in the literature and classified into three groups: occurring in association with angiitis, overlapping with SLE or other collagen diseases, and developing without the above two factors. Group 3 was further divided into two subgroups according to immunologic abnormalities. All cases included in the three groups can be regarded as glomerulonephritis of RA. The cases of group 2, however, can more preferentially be considered to be caused by SLE or some other collagen disease that has overlapped with RA. Deposition of immune complexes was suggested in most of the cases examined with immunofluorescence. Various changes were seen in the glomerulonephritis of RA presented here (patients 1, 3, 4, and 5) and reviewed in the literature (groups 1 and 3). Immune complexes might be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Daunomycin-induced nephropathy in rats.

A single intravenous injection of daunomycin into rats induced severe glomerular injury with massive proteinuria. Mesangial thickening due to an increase in the matrix appeared as early as 5 weeks after injection. Focal and segmental glomerular tuft distortion developed by 10 weeks associated with a progressive mesangial change, which was accompanied by detachments of endothelial cells and podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) resulting in obliteration of the affected tufts. After 20 weeks, the lesion ultimately progressed to cause diffuse and global glomerular obliteration. Scattered glomeruli also showed frank shrinkage with a mild obliterative change. By observing a number of isolated glomeruli in scanning electron microscopy, it was revealed that podocyte alterations were variable from case to case and foot processes remained discrete in some cases until 10 weeks, despite the presence of marked proteinuria. Anionic sites distributed throughout the GBM and on the surface of podocytes were usually preserved in proteinuric rats as far as evaluated by ruthenium red and colloidal iron stainings. Our results indicate that loss of foot processes and of glomerular anionic sites are not causative factors but consequences of proteinuria.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cellular aspects of rabbit Masugi nephritis V. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of monocytic cells.

Ultrastructural cytochemistry for nonspecific esterase (NSE) was performed on normal and nephritic rabbit kidneys. In normal glomeruli distinct reaction deposits appearing as electron-dense granules were present in visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, but only a few small or minute deposits were seen in some endothelial and mesangial cells. In acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (Masugi nephritis), many reaction deposits occurred in mononuclear cells accumulating in glomerular tufts which presented the characteristic features of monocytic cells. Macrophages which had migrated into subendothelial space as well as epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, all of which are known to be derived from monocytes, also exhibited the reaction product. The NSE granules in mesangial and endothelial cells were much smaller and fewer in number than those in monocytic cells. The present method may contribute to the more precise differentiation of monocytic cells from mesangial and endothelial cells in proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hashimoto's thyroiditis and membranous nephropathy developed in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS).

A case of a 36-year-old woman with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) was reported. The patient had two additional immune-mediated diseases: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and membranous nephropathy. It was implicated that overlapping of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurred in the course of PSS. Notably, immune complex deposition along the follicular basement lamina of the thyroid was suggested by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Although the glomerular lesion was in general accord with membranous nephropathy, it was complicated by occasional crescent formations and necrotic arterial changes, probably resulting from malignant hypertension that appeared during the terminal stage. It was implied that the same circulating antigen-antibody complexes might have been involved in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and membranous nephropathy in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Extratubular efflux and nephropathy.

The extratubular efflux of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive material is used as a histological indicator of intrarenal reflux, and correlation of the PAS positive material and interstitial as well as glomerular changes were analyzed in 114 surgical specimens consisting of renal calculi, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux, and others. (1) The incidence of extratubular efflux was apparently higher in the kidneys of hydronephrosis. (2) PAS positive material was seen not only in the interstitium but also flowed into the venous and lymphatic spaces. (3) Potent interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and larger amounts of PAS positive material were seen in the kidneys showing a moderate grade of hydronephrosis rather than renal calculi. (4) Global glomerular sclerosis was the most frequent glomerular lesion, and segmental sclerosis and crescentic epithelial reaction in a small number of glomeruli were also noted. These results imply that intrarenal reflux could play an important role in the development of various renal tissue injuries.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

A histopathologic study of benign and malignant lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland.

Twenty-three cases of benign and malignant lymphoepithelial lesions without Sjögren's syndrome were examined: 21 were classical benign lymphoepithelial lesions, and were mostly found in males older than 50 years of age. The other two cases were identified as undifferentiated carcinoma arising from benign lymphoepithelial lesion (8.7%; 2/23). Histologically, this carcinoma is characterized by the formation of cell nests of variable size and by marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations into the stromal tissue. In immunofluorescence, an increase of plasma cells containing IgA and IgG was noted in the marginal areas of carcinoma cell clusters. Electron microscopy disclosed that the carcinoma was composed of poorly differentiated cells with occasional squamous differentiation. No dysplastic characteristics were found in the infiltrating lymphocytic components. These two cases of carcinoma were found in middle-aged females.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A histopathologic study of early hepatocellular carcinoma.

In a series of 94 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 8 cases of minute HCC (less than 3.5 cm in diameter) were included. These cases had some additional nodular foci that revealed a possible histogenesis of HCC. The lesion was first noted as a group of basophilic liver cell cords in a limited area of a hyperplastic nodule. The cords showed acinar formation, bile congestion, and increase of stromal fibers with disappearance of sinusoids. When certain numbers of lobules were occupied by the basophilic liver cells, a dysplastic nodule was produced wherein the portal triads tended to disappear. Despite marked necrotic tendency, the liver cells proliferated actively and replaced the adjacent cirrhotic lobules. The process might be induced and enhanced by repeated episodes of necrosis and regeneration occurring in cirrhotic livers. Some minute HCC nodules had common features with those seen in the dysplastic nodule. Histologic findings of minute HCC nodules were also described and discussed in terms of their growth pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Renal vascular lesions in severe hypertension. Transitional changes from benign to malignant nephrosclerosis.

Renal vascular changes in severe hypertension were studied. Twenty-five cases selected from 4,629 autopsies were classified into 2 groups according to the cause of death: group 1 (9 cases died of renal failure) and group 2 (16 cases of extra-renal death). Group 1 had been clinically diagnosed as malignant hypertension and had the hallmarks of malignant nephrosclerosis characterized by arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis and edematous intimal thickening. Group 2 had been clinically diagnosed as benign hypertension and basically exhibited the changes of benign nephrosclerosis. However, about half of the cases of group 2 had arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis, though the lesion was usually less extensive than in group 1. Immunofluorescence revealed similar deposits of immunoglobulins and fibrinogen in the site of fibrinoid necrosis observed in both groups. As for the changes of interlobular arteries, a quantitative analysis disclosed a distinctive difference between groups 1 and 2 with respect to the narrowing ratio of arterial lumina, though edematous intimal thickening was recognized on relatively rare occasions in the distal interlobular arteries in a few cases of group 2. From the results, the problem of transition from the benign to malignant nephrosclerosis was discussed.

Adult↗