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Biomedical subjects

B Adler

Publications and source records attributed to B Adler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Preparation of antisera to recombinant, soluble N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V and its visualization in situ.

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GlcNAc-T V) is a glycosyltransferase which transfers N-acetylglucosamine in beta(1,6) linkage to the alpha(1,6)-linked mannose residue of Asn-linked oligosaccharides. This enzyme is characterized by several unusual properties: GlcNAc-T V is the largest lumenal Golgi glycosyltransferase described thus far, and its multiple mRNA transcripts range from 4.5 to about 9.5 kb; GlcNAc-T V mRNA and activity are regulated by the src tyrosine kinase signalling pathway; in brain tissue, large levels of GlcNAc-T V mRNA are present, but only relatively low levels of catalytic activity can be detected; a lectin-resistant cell line, Lec4A, expresses active GlcNAc-T V which is mislocalized intracellularly. In addition, the cell surface oligosaccharide products of this enzyme have been hypothesized to regulate intercellular adhesion. In order to devise specific inhibitors of this enzyme it is necessary to understand its physical structure and how structural changes can influence its activity and localization. We have expressed milligram amounts of a soluble form of recombinant rat GlcNAc-T V, purified it from CHO cell-conditioned media, and used it to prepare specific antisera. This antisera binds selectively to GlcNAc-T V and has been used to visualize B-16 mouse melanoma cell GlcNAc-T V on immunoblots after SDS-PAGE. When the antisera was used in immunofluorescence microscopy experiments on permeabilized B-16 and baby hamster kidney cells, intense, specific staining was observed in intracellular structures which appear to correspond to the Golgi apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The development of disability scales for childhood and adolescent injuries.

Scales for the study of injury-induced disabilities among 0-17 year olds were developed. Telephone interviews were conducted among parents of injured children (n = 432) 6 months after hospitalization in the three main hospitals of Jerusalem, about disabilities immediately following and 6 months after the injury. The scale for 4-17 year olds included 25 items derived from the International Classification of Disabilities, Impairments and Handicaps. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions of disability: personal care and daily activities; motor activities; and communication and sensory activities. The scale and the derived subscales on personal care and daily activities, and on motor activities showed high Cronbach's alpha, especially for disabilities immediately after the injury. The scale or subscales are easy to use, related to everyday activities performed by children in all cultures, are not related to the characteristics of the respondents, and have high consistency-reliability and construct validity. They may be used to assess the prevalence of disabilities in population studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Concerns and risk behaviors and the association between them among high-school students in Jerusalem.

PURPOSE: To study the distribution, prevalence, determinants, and association between the health, social, and environmental concerns and risk behaviors of high school students in Jerusalem in order to provide a better basis for preventive and health promotion services. METHODS: 1078 tenth grade high school students, 15-16 years old answered an anonymous questionnaire including, perceived concerns and risk behaviors, (e.g., smoking, alcohol, drugs, and sexual activity). Concerns were grouped into six domains. RESULTS: The most frequently reported concerns related to school, weight, coping with aggression, fatigue, war, enlistment into army, and relationships with peers. Girls had more concerns in the domains of self-image, anxiety, and relationships with peers (p < .05). Adolescents with mothers who had less education had significantly more concerns in the domains of anxiety and relationships with peers and adults (p < .05). Forty-seven percent engaged in at least one risk behavior (boys 63% and girls 34%). The Guttman scalogram indicated the following sequence of risk behaviors: alcohol, cigarettes, sex, and drugs. There were statistically significant associations between concerns and risk behaviors in the domains of anxiety, sex, and relationships with adults and peers. CONCLUSION: Many adolescent concerns are universal, although the ranking and prevalence may vary based on different regional and population characteristics (e.g., in this population a high rate of concerns relating to aggression and war were identified). The results support the need to develop prevention and health promotion programs relating to the concerns and risk behaviors in the school and community, and individual counseling programs in primary care settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Symptom clusters among young adolescents.

This study examines recurrent psychosomatic symptoms and symptom clusters among 5th and 6th grade Israeli school children. A questionnaire which asked about the frequency of eight psychosomatic and eight organic complaints was administered to 259 students. The most frequently reported psychosomatic complaints were abdominal pain, experienced often by 21%, and headache, experienced often by 20% of the pupils. There were statistically significant differences between the sexes, girls having a higher prevalence than boys for eight of the symptoms, and with more girls than boys reporting more than one symptom in each category: 23% of the students had more than one psychosomatic symptom and 16% had more than one organic symptom. Multiple psychosomatic complaints were common, with 28% of those with back or limb pain and 27% of those suffering from "bad mood" reporting an additional three to five complaints. Abdominal pain and headache were each reported as an accompanying complaint in more than 40% of cases for almost every other psychosomatic complaint. The significance of these symptom clusters needs to be explored further as they may have important implications as markers for psychosocial stress.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Construction and vaccine potential of an aroA mutant of Pasteurella haemolytica.

The aroA gene, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase, from Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 was cloned by complementation of the aroA mutation in Escherichia coli strain AB2829 after electroporation with a DNA library constructed in pUC18. The cloned P. haemolytica aroA gene was inactivated by insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene and reintroduced by allelic exchange into the chromosome of the parental P. haemolytica using PbluescriptII SK+. The P. haemolytica aroA mutant was highly attenuated in a mouse septicaemic model. Mice immunized intraperitoneally with two doses of live P. haemolytica aroA mutant were protected against a lethal parental strain challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serotype and genus specific protein antigens of Pasteurella multocida, revealed by monoclonal antibodies.

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacting with protein antigens of Pasteurella multocida strain M1404 were produced and designated DM-1 and DM-4. DM-1 reacted only with the homologous Heddleston serotype 2. On the other hand, DM-4 reacted with all the 16 Heddleston serotypes and with other Pasteurella spp., but not with any of the other genera tested. Both mAbs may thus be of significance for identification and classification. The antibodies could agglutinate P. multocida only if the cells were treated with 1N HCl. Neither of the mAbs could opsonise P. multocida for phagocytosis by mouse macrophages nor did they protect recipient mice against lethal infection. Active immunisation of mice gave rise to only partial protection against challenge infection, suggesting a minor role for these particular proteins in protection from infection.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1994

Immunochemical studies of opsonic epitopes of the lipopolysaccharide of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo.

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main antigens responsible for immunity in leptospirosis. In this investigation we studied the nature of the antigenic determinants of LPS extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (reference strain Hardjoprajitno). The reactions of anti-LPS monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) MUM/F1-4/hardjo (IgM) and MUM/F1-6/hardjo (IgG) with whole cell lysates in Western immunoblotting analysis were unaffected by proteinase K treatment. Periodate treatment of the LPS destroyed the binding of MUM/F1-6/hardjo but preserved that of MUM/F1-4/hardjo. Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly the binding of MUM/F1-4/hardjo to the LPS but only slightly that of MUM/F1-6/hardjo. On the other hand, phosphodiesterase totally destroyed the binding capacity of both monoclonal antibodies in enzyme immunoassays (EIA). A number of mono- and oligosaccharides was used in EIA inhibition studies. Mannose-6-phosphate and galactose-6-phosphate inhibited the binding of MUM/F1-4/hardjo (50% inhibition at a concentration of 5 mM) to the antigen, but glucose-6-phosphate did not. Galactosamine and mannosamine inhibited the binding of MUM/F1-6/hardjo (50% inhibition at a concentration of 3-4 mM), whereas only a weak inhibition was observed with glucosamine. In contrast, N-acetylated amino sugars did not show any inhibition. An O-acetyl group also appears to be involved in the antigen-antibody binding process.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of an antigenic oligosaccharide from Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and its role in immunity.

An antigenic oligosaccharide fraction derived from the lipopolysaccharide of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was isolated by endo-glycosidase H digestion and column chromatography. The oligosaccharide contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose, and glucosamine and inhibited the binding of opsonic, protective monoclonal antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide. When conjugated to diphtheria toxoid, the oligosaccharide elicited the production of agglutinating, opsonic antibodies.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1994

Nucleotide sequence of the rhamnose biosynthetic operon of Shigella flexneri 2a and role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence.

N1308, a chromosomal Tn5 mutant of Shigella flexneri 2a, was described previously as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutant with a short O side chain. N1308 formed foci, but not plaques, in LLC-MK2 cell monolayers and was negative in the Serény test. In this study, the wild-type locus inactivated in N1308 was cloned and further defined by means of complementation analysis. A 4.3-kb BstEII-XhoI fragment of S. flexneri 2a YSH6200 DNA was sufficient to restore both normal LPS and virulence phenotype to the mutant. DNA sequencing of this region revealed four genes, rfbA, rfbB, rfbC, and rfbD, encoding the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of activated rhamnose. The four genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expected protein products were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. N1308 was shown to have normal levels of surface IpaC and IpaD, while a Western blot (immunoblot) of whole-cell lysates or outer membrane fractions indicated an elevated level of appropriately localized VirG. An in vitro invasion assay revealed that N1308 had normal primary invasive capacity and was able to multiply and move normally within the initial infected cell. However, it exhibited a significant reduction in its ability to spread from cell to cell in the monolayer. A double immunofluorescence assay revealed differences between LLC-MK2 cells infected with the wild-type YSH6000 and those infected with N1308. The wild-type bacteria elicited the formation of the characteristic F-actin tails, whereas N1308 failed to do so. However, N1308 was capable of inducing deposition of F-actin, which accumulated in a peribacterial fashion with only slight, if any, unipolar accumulation of the cytoskeletal protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Do infant and early childhood tests predict intelligence quotients better than maternal characteristics?

The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of infant and early childhood testing for subsequent intelligence tests at 3 and 5 years of age were assessed and compared to the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of maternal education for the same. The study was based on prospective surveillance of a population of infants attending the Maternal and Child services in western Jerusalem. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the 9- and 24-month tests were low, thus leading to labeling of false positives and inadequate detection of those with developmental delay. Maternal education was shown to be the single best predictor for intellectual performance on the 3- and 5-year test in the above analysis, as well as in a multivariate model where the 9- and 24-month tests, maternal education, origin, birth order, and sex were introduced as independent variables. It is recommended to take a detailed history, listen to parents' complaints, and use developmental testing selectively for children suspected to have problems, and not to apply developmental tests as a routine for all children in well-child care.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular risk factors by ethnic group and menstrual status among 13- and 14-year-old Israeli schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors have been demonstrated previously among Israeli children and adolescents. This study examines the prevalence of selected risk factors and risk factor clusters among 13- and 14-year old Israeli schoolchildren according to ethnic origin and other demographic variables, and takes into account the unique contribution of menstrual status of the girls to risk factor differences. METHODS: Demographic and menstrual status (for the girls) data were obtained for 299 West Jerusalem eighth grade students. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured, and blood was obtained for total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride measurements. Differences in mean Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, and lipids, as well as in the percentage of children with specific risk factors or total number of risk factors were tested for among the various demographic and menstrual status groups. RESULTS: BMI was statistically significantly greater among females (20.2 kg/m2) than among males (19.46 kg/m2), (p = .04) and among menstruating females (21.1 kg/m2) compared with non-menstruating females (17.9 kg/m2), (p = .000). Mean systolic blood pressure was higher among menstruating (109.8 mmHg) than non-menstruating (105.9 mmHg) females (p = .09). Statistically nonsignificant differences in mean systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were found according to paternal country of origin. According to defined cutoff points, 8.7% of the students had elevated BMI, 2.8% had elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and 13.0% had elevated total cholesterol. 17.5% of the students had one cardiovascular risk factor and 3.1% had two risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors without statistically significant ethnic differences in this population. Menstrual status exerted a unique effect upon BMI and systolic blood pressure. Pubertal status should be considered in the assessment of risk factors in early adolescents. Total-community-oriented intervention is recommended for this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[High-resolution x-ray computed tomography of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma].

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma may cause three main patterns on CT: solitary nodule, parenchymal consolidation, and multicentric disease. The nodules usually have spiculated margins and frequently contain bubble-like lucencies or pseudo-cavitation. When presenting as consolidation, this is due mainly to mucin secretion and results in areas of lower attenuation than soft tissue. Multicentric disease is characterized by the presence of multiple nodules which may mimic metastatic disease. Although bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma may cause different patterns on high-resolution CT, certain CT findings are sufficiently characteristic to suggest the underlying diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1993

Isolation, characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V.

A cDNA clone for the complete coding sequence for alpha-1,3(6)-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GlcNAc-T V, EC 2.4.1.155) was isolated and expressed in COS-7 cells. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of three tryptic peptides isolated from affinity-purified GlcNAc-T V. Polymerase chain reaction amplimers were isolated from rat and mouse mRNA. A cDNA-encoding full-length enzyme was isolated from a rat 1 cell (EJ-ras-transformed) library and sequenced. Transient expression of this clone in COS-7 cells, followed by enzymatic activity assays, demonstrated that this cDNA sequence encodes GlcNAc-T V. Northern analysis of rat kidney mRNA revealed a single band corresponding to a length of about 7 kilobases. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clone demonstrated an open reading frame that encoded a type II membrane protein of 740 amino acids.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Site of transcriptional activation of virB on the large plasmid of Shigella flexneri 2a by VirF, a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators.

VirB plays a central role in the regulation of virulence of Shigella flexneri. It acts as a transcriptional activator and is itself transcriptionally activated by another virulence protein, VirF. Experiments were performed in order to identify the site upstream of virB at which VirF binds in order to activate transcription. Progressive 5' deletions of the DNA upstream of the transcription start point of virB were constructed by subcloning and Bal31 deletion. These deletion derivatives were cloned into the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene plasmid pKK232-8 and the resulting plasmids were analysed using a CAT activity assay. This allowed identification of minimal regions required for VirB promoter activity and regions required for full enhancement of promoter activity by VirF. A region approximately 100 bp upstream from the transcription start point of virB was identified as being necessary for full activation of this promoter by VirF. This region encompasses at least one inverted repeat which may play a role in transcription repression in the absence of the activator protein, VirF.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Construction of a shuttle vector for use between Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli.

The isolation of a small plasmid from Pasteurella multocida has enabled the construction of a shuttle vector for use between P. multocida and Escherichia coli. The vector pBAC64 contains the origin of replication from P. multocida, an antibiotic resistance gene which functions in P. multocida, and the E. coli vector pUC18. The presence of the pUC18 multiple cloning site together with the lacZ' gene provides a screening method and allows cloning and manipulation in E. coli as well as cloning in P. multocida.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1993

High-resolution computed tomography of the chest: current indications.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) may show parenchymal abnormalities in patients with normal or questionable findings on the chest radiograph; and because it provides an accurate assessment of the pattern and distribution of lung disease, it also improves the accuracy of the differential diagnosis. HRCT may be able to distinguish areas of potentially reversible disease from irreversible fibrosis and be a helpful guide to the optimal type and site of lung biopsy. This review summarizes the current indications for HRCT of the chest in the assessment of patients with acute lung disease, chronic infiltrative lung disease, pneumoconiosis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema.

Aged↗