Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B A Spirt

Publications and source records attributed to B A Spirt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Endoscopic US of the gastrointestinal tract with endoscopic, radiographic, and pathologic correlation.

Endoscopic ultrasonography (US) makes it possible to evaluate the layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as surrounding structures. The authors have used endoscopic US to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract in 160 patients. In the esophagus, endoscopic US is useful in staging esophageal carcinoma, planning radiation therapy ports, and locating and characterizing esophageal masses. Endoscopic US of the esophagus is also used to identify varices and evaluate the results of therapy. Applications of endoscopic US in the stomach include staging of gastric carcinoma, localization and characterization of nonmucosal gastric masses, detection and evaluation of gastric varices, and evaluation of gastric lymphoma. In the pancreas, endoscopic US is used for detecting pancreatic masses; staging pancreatic, distal common bile duct, and ampullary carcinoma; and evaluation biliary tract obstruction. Applications of endoscopic US in the rectum include localization and characterization of nonmucosal lesions and local staging of rectal carcinoma.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Gallstone formation in obese women treated by a low-calorie diet.

This study assessed the incidence of gallstone formation in 47 obese women who consumed a low-calorie diet (LCD) for the first 16 weeks of a 26-week weight loss program. The LCD consisted of four daily servings of a liquid diet combined with an evening meal of a pre-packaged dinner entrée and provided approximately 925 kcal/d. Six of the 47 patients (12.8%) displayed gallstones at week 17, as determined by sonography. Five patients were asymptomatic when followed for up to 48 weeks. The sixth, however, reported severe abdominal pain 30 weeks after beginning treatment and required a cholecystectomy. Patients who developed gallstones, as compared with those who did not, had significantly higher baseline triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and had a significantly greater rate of weight loss. Results of this study indicate that an increased risk of gallstones is not limited to very-low-calorie diets and that the incidence of this complication should be assessed in persons who consume popular over-the-counter meal replacement plans.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The sonographic appearance of lesions of the spleen and pancreas in an infant with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH), the term now used to describe the group of diseases known as histiocytosis X, is a rare disorder of the bone marrow-derived histiocytes that may involve the skin, bone, bone marrow, liver, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, and rarely the pancreas. Sonographically demonstrable lesions of the spleen and pancreas have not been reported. We present a case of disseminated LCH in a 4-week-old infant to demonstrate the sonographic appearance of splenic and pancreatic lesions that occur with this disease.

Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell↗
PubMed1991

Complex tunica albuginea cyst simulating an intratesticular lesion.

Cysts of the tunica albuginea are uncommon lesions of the testis which in all reported cases have been benign. Complex cysts of the tunica albuginea can mimic intratesticular lesions, thus necessitating orchiectomy. We present a case of a complex tunica albuginea cyst which mimicked an intratesticular lesion at sonography, as well as at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tangential views, however, suggested that this was in fact an extratesticular lesion. The use of tangential views, as well as knowledge of the appearance of the tunica albuginea at MRI, are important to make this differentiation in order to guide the management of these lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which the appearance of a tunica albuginea cyst at MRI has been described.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal sonographic evaluation of short-limbed dwarfism: an algorithmic approach.

Prenatal sonographic evaluation of short-limbed dwarfism is initiated when a significantly shortened femur is found or by referral of a patient with a family history of skeletal dysplasia. If a short femur is demonstrated, all the long bones are measured and evaluated for bowing, fractures, and mineralization. The bone dysplasia is categorized according to whether it is mesomelic, rhizomelic, or micromelic and whether bowing or fractures are present. The fetal spine, head, thorax, hands, and feet are carefully evaluated to differentiate the type of bone dysplasia and to determine whether it is lethal. Serial examinations may be necessary. This approach will provide sufficient information to counsel the family, manage the pregnancy, and direct the postnatal evaluation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Pregnancy and maternity leave: AAWR survey results.

In 1987 to obtain information regarding pregnancy and maternity leave policies in academic and private radiology departments, the American Association of Women Radiologists (AAWR) surveyed academic and private diagnostic radiology departments and academic radiation oncology departments in the United States and Canada. One hundred thirty-one diagnostic radiology departments and 30 radiation therapy departments responded to the questionnaire. Despite the increasing number of women entering the field of radiology, many departments do not have formal policies. Of those that do, there was a wide range of responses regarding details of maternity leave and duties during pregnancy. The AAWR recommends that every department develop a written pregnancy and maternity leave policy, which should be available to all current and prospective employees.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous pediatric renal biopsy: use of the biopsy gun.

A recently developed biopsy gun was used in the ultrasound (US)-guided biopsy of native kidneys in seven children. The biopsy gun employs a needle (18 gauge) smaller than that usually used for renal biopsies. In all seven cases it provided a core biopsy specimen that contained enough glomeruli to make a definitive histologic diagnosis of renal parenchymal disease. Use of the biopsy gun eliminated the more complicated movements needed to obtain samples with the conventional manual biopsy techniques. No major complications occurred, and in only one case a minor complication, trace hematuria determined by means of dipstick analysis, was found. The time required to obtain the tissue samples was decreased with use of this technique. Because of the advantages of the biopsy gun, the authors now use it exclusively in percutaneous US-guided biopsy of native pediatric kidneys and recommended that this method be considered by other institutions performing similar biopsies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fetal central nervous system abnormalities.

The advances in the sonographic imaging of the fetus have made the detailed examination of the fetal central nervous system (CNS) a routine part of the prenatal sonogram. A logical sonographic approach to the diagnosis of fetal CNS abnormalities is presented, based on the normal sonographic anatomy and the understanding of CNS pathology. This approach results in a classification of CNS abnormalities derived from ultrasound findings. The main categories are (1) hydrocephalus, (2) entities that mimic hydrocephalus, and (3) neural tube defects. Once a disorder is classified and all ultrasound abnormalities identified, a differential diagnosis can be developed.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Adrenal glands in patients with congenital renal anomalies: CT appearance.

The CT appearance of the adrenal glands was investigated in 30 patients with congenital renal anomalies (17 cases of unilateral renal agenesis, 11 of inferior ectopy, and 2 of crossed fused ectopy). The ipsilateral adrenal was clearly identified in 83% of these patients; in all of them, the adrenal was a paraspinal disk-shaped organ, which appeared linear on CT. Conversely, the adrenals retained their normal shape in a control group of 20 patients with acquired renal atrophy or prior simple nephrectomy.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

CT follow-up of hepatic and splenic fungal microabscesses.

Three patients with acute myelogenous leukemia underwent abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examination for recent deterioration in clinical status. The diagnosis of hepatic and splenic microabscesses was correctly suggested in each patient on the basis of this study. In addition, CT accurately assessed the efficacy of antifungal therapy on follow-up studies. In this limited series of patients, CT was superior to clinical and laboratory evaluation in predicting the degree of parenchymal infection in the liver and spleen during treatment, confirmed by histologic specimens.

Abscess↗