Biomedical subjects

B A Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to B A Patterson.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1987

Epidemiology of Giardia lamblia infection in children: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in urban and rural communities in Zimbabwe.

Stool specimens from 3,038 children in rural and urban areas near Harare were examined for Giardia lamblia cysts. Preliminary studies, using specimens collected on three consecutive days from 157 known cyst passers, showed that over 89% of infections could be diagnosed on single stool specimens by examination of Gomori-stained smears. The overall prevalence of giardial infection was 19.4% with significantly more urban children (21.1%) passing cysts than rural children (16.7%). In urban areas the highest prevalence was in young (5-6 year) children, while in rural areas, the highest prevalence was in older (9-10 year) children. Of 132 children treated with Entamizole a metronidazole-diloxanide combination, 127 (96.2%) had ceased excreting cysts by the fifth treatment day. Follow-up examination of these children showed a high rate of reinfection, with 29.6% excreting cysts during the year following treatment. During the same period 13.3% of previously uninfected children had started passing cysts, while over half of infected, but untreated, children had undergone apparent "self-cure." Younger children were more likely to be reinfected than older children, and continued excreting cysts for a longer period of time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Piped water supply and intestinal parasitism in Zimbabwean schoolchildren.

The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in primary schoolchildren in three areas, communal (peasant farm) lands, commercial farms and urban townships, was assessed by examination of concentrated and stained stool specimens to determine the effect of water supply on intestinal parasitism. Piped water in communal lands was associated with decreased frequency of schistosomiasis and hymenolepiasis, but not with decreased frequency of protozoa. Schistosomiasis was very common in commercial farm labour communities, particularly on farms adjoining the local river, despite the availability of stored borehole water supplied through communal taps. The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in children from urban areas with municipal water supplied to taps in each household was similar to that of children in communal areas who obtained water from surface streams. The frequency of Giardia lamblia infection was higher in urban than in rural schoolchildren, and within communal areas was higher in children with access to protected borehole water. The provision of piped water was, therefore, not found to be associated with reduced prevalence of intestinal parasitism, though additional factors such as frequency of contact with infected water, the provision of ancillary improvements and the actual usage of available water supplies would need to be more closely assessed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Giardiasis and the nutritional status of Zimbabwean schoolchildren.

Stool specimens, obtained from 1813 schoolchildren from communal lands, commercial farms and urban areas in Zimbabwe, were examined for helminth and protozoan parasites. The findings were collated with anthropometric data on the same children to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasitism and nutritional status. Protozoan infections were common with Giardia lamblia being identified in 17.4% of children. There was a strong association between giardial infection and undernutrition, wasting and stunting in these children. There was no evidence of an association between helminth infection and undernutrition. In view of the known impairment of absorption from the gut in giardiasis, it is suggested that giardial infection may be an important factor contributing to the low nutritional status of many primary schoolchildren in Zimbabwe.

Child↗

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Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of fibrin sealant on the fixation of porous titanium and pyrolytic carbon implants.

The authors investigated the potential role the fibrin sealant system may portray in the fixation of osseous implants. The application of a layer of fibrin did not interfere with the fixation of osseous implants of either pyrolytic carbon or Biolite-coated porous titanium. A greater percentage of tissue ingrowth was observed in the porous titanium implants in the presence of the fibrin sealant system; however, no significant difference in the ultimate interfacial shear stress was observed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

The analysis of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in this study demonstrates the character of motion about this joint. Four instantaneous centers of rotation were calculated in the first metatarsal head that formed an arc encircling an area of increased stress patterns. The joint motion is made up of rolling, sliding, and compression. The fact that there is more than one center of motion contradicts the theory of a simple hinge joint. The joint is a dynamic acetabulum or "hammock," as described by Kelikian. That is, the first metatarsal head moves within a stable support comprised of the base of the proximal phalanx, the sesamoids, soft tissue, and muscle tendons. The nature of first metatarsophalangeal joint motion must be considered when contemplating surgical procedures of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Adult↗