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Biomedical subjects

B A Miller

Publications and source records attributed to B A Miller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The decision to recommend alcoholism treatment for DWI offenders.

The decision to recommend alcoholism treatment for convicted drinking drivers is examined for a treatment program in Western New York. A total of 2,061 client files were abstracted for these analyses. The Mortimer-Filkins score and the blood alcohol concentration at the time of arrest were the two best discriminating variables in the decision to recommend treatment in these analyses. When these scores were high, additional information was not needed. However, when these scores were in the low or midranges, other variables became crucial to the decision-making process. Further investigation of variables not available in these analyses is needed to determine the decision-making process for clients with low or midrange Mortimer-Filkins and BAC scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of natural killer cells on the development of syngeneic hematopoietic progenitors.

To determine whether natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, well-characterized, cell sorter-purified NK cells were incubated with syngeneic bone marrow, and the effect of this interaction on the development of various hematopoietic progenitors was assessed. NK cells were obtained from the peritoneal exudates of CBA/J mice after i.p. infection with live Listeria monocytogenes (LM). These NK cells were nylon wool-nonadherent and were purified by using M1/70, a rat anti-murine macrophage monoclonal antibody, and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Syngeneic bone marrow was incubated overnight with these M1/70-purified NK cells. The cells were then assayed in vitro to determine the effect on the colony formation of the following hematopoietic progenitor cells: the myeloid progenitor that produces mixed granulocyte/macrophage colonies (CFU-G/M), the myeloid progenitor that is committed to macrophage differentiation (CFU-M), and the early erythroid progenitor that is known as the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E). The marrow cells, after incubation with NK cells, were also injected into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients to assay for the splenic colony formation capacity of the trilineage myeloid stem cell (CFU-S). Although the formation of BFU-E-, CFU-G/M-, and CFU-M-derived colonies was not adversely affected by the exposure of syngeneic bone marrow to purified NK cells, there was a dramatic decrease in the number of CFU-S-derived colonies. Incubation with NK-depleted cells did not result in an inhibition of colony formation by the CFU-S. Mixing experiments showed that the M1/70-labeled NK cells exerted their effect directly on the CFU-S and not on any accessory cells. The effect of the NK cells on colony formation by the CFU-S could be blocked competitively and selectively by the addition, before incubation, of a classic murine NK tumor target, Yac-1. Another tumor line (WTS) that is poorly recognized by NK cells was less effective in blocking the inhibitory effect of NK cells on CFU-S. The demonstration that purified NK cells can selectively inhibit the development of the tripotential CFU-S may point to the importance of NK cells in the regulation of hematopoiesis, in the development of some types of marrow dysfunction, and in the failure of engraftment of transplanted bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Detection of leukemia-related karyotypes in granulocyte/macrophage colonies from a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

We performed cytogenetic analysis of 11 normal-appearing granulocyte/macrophage colonies derived from cultures of the marrow of a child with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in relapse. We found diploid karyotypes and two abnormal ones--both hyperdiploid and containing the translocation t(1q-;11q+). A clonal origin of the karyotypic differences was suggested by the absence of variation within individual colonies. The evidence suggests that in this patient, the cytogenetic abnormality originated at or before the stage of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

Heterochromia iridis and Horner's syndrome due to paravertebral neurilemmoma.

A case of heterochromia iridis and Horner's syndrome is reported in a 7-year old girl with paravertebral neurilemmoma. These clinical findings can be useful in the early diagnosis of mediastinal tumors in the paravertebral axis. While typically associated with neuroblastoma, these findings can be due to tumors which are inately benign--in this case neurilemmoma. The mechanism for heterochromia is briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Autoimmune pancytopenia of childhood associated with multisystem disease manifestations.

Five patients with immune thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, including three with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, are described; none had identifiable underlying disease. All patients had demonstrable autoantibodies against multiple hematopoietic cell types, and in two patients, the antiplatelet and antierythrocyte antibodies were shown to be distinct. All patients had continuing disease, and with follow-up of 2 to 6 1/2 years, all developed nonhematologic disease manifestations. These patients demonstrate that even in the absence of identifiable underlying disease, autoimmune hematologic disease resulting from production of antibodies against red cells, white cells, and platelets often involves a generalized disorder of immune regulation, with multisystem disease manifestations and a prolonged course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Thy-1 antigen in murine hematopoietic progenitor differentiation.

Until recently, the presence of Thy-1 antigen was thought to identify thymus-derived lymphocytes as opposed to other lymphohematopoietic cells. With the use of a highly amplified immunofluorescence assay and a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody, the Thy-1 antigen has been detected on CFU-S. To determine the role of Thy-1 antigen in the differentiation of more committed hematopoietic progenitors, murine bone marrow was treated with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement and cultured. Growth of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-G/M) was greatly reduced following antibody and complement treatment and could not be restored with mitogen-stimulated spleen cell supernatants, splenic T cells, or thymocytes. These data demonstrate that a Thy-1.2-bearing cell is important in differentiation of early murine hematopoietic progenitors and they provide evidence that anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement treatment removes Thy-1.2 antigen-bearing hematopoietic progenitors. In contrast, growth of the macrophage progenitor (CFU-M) stimulated by L cell-conditioned media and the more mature erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-E) was unaffected by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement treatment. Therefore, Thy-1.2 antigen is not present on these progenitors. These data suggest that Thy-1.2 antigen is a differentiation antigen that is present on early murine hematopoietic progenitors and is lost as they differentiate.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

24-hour unit dose dispensing of class III-V controlled substances.

Methods of controlling controlled substance (CS) inventories in unit dose dispensing systems vary. The two extremes are total floor stock of all CS drugs by the use of declining inventory signout sheets on the nursing unit to controlling only Class II and a few selected class III-V items. The method described herein outlines a systematic approach to controlling items on an individual patient basis consistant with the benefits of unit dose dispensing. A CS card assigned to each patient for each of his required controlled substance medications serves as an audit trail for doses consumed by the patient and provides a declining inventory receipt when returned to the pharmacy.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed1982

Conditions for an in vitro culture of murine mixed hematopoietic colonies and their putative cellular origin.

The supernatant fluid of stimulated spleen cells (PHA-SCM) supported in vitro colony growth of murine marrow. In the absence of exogenous erythropoietin, it stimulated the growth of (1) myeloid colonies and (2) distinct mixed colonies containing erythroid cells, granulocytes, macrophages, and infrequently megakaryocytes in a setting structurally resembling biopsied marrow. The cells that form mixed colonies reside in a density range of 1.058-1.068 g/ml in a discontinuous albumin gradient. Active supernatant was produced by T cells in combination with a macrophage factor. DNA synthesis correlated with activity. PHA-SCM differed from erythropoietin (EPO) when chromatographed on lectin columns and did not contain EPO activity as demonstrated by the fetal mouse liver cell (FMLC) assay. The activity for mixed colony growth could be eluted from an anion exchange column with 0.07 M NaCl and eluted in a gel filtration column at a distance corresponding to a molecular weight of 39,000. Mixed colony-forming cells responsive to PHA-SCM were found to be Ia-H-2+. BFU-Es, CFU-Cs, and progenitors for myeloid colonies responsive to PHA-SCM were also H-2+ but showed significant sensitivity to anti-Ia antisera reflecting variable antigenic density. The mixed colony-forming cell appeared less differentiated than myeloid or erythroid progenitor cells examined, and its antigenic determinants are consistent with those observed for the pluripotent stem cell assayed in vivo (CFU-S).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lung cancer and other mortality patterns among foundrymen.

This report updates a previous proportional mortality study of deaths among members of the International Molders and Allied Workers Union and includes new findings from a nested case-referent study of lung cancer. Death certificates were obtained for 99.2% of the 3,013 deaths reported to the Union death benefits program between 1971 and 1975. With the use of age- and race-specific cause distributions of all male deaths in the United States for comparison, statistically significant excesses occurred for all malignant neoplasms, lund cancer, and nonmalignant respiratory disease among both the whites and blacks. White foundrymen also exhibited a statistically significant excess of respiratory tuberculosis. The lung cancer case-referent study found a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) odds ratio of 2.36 for workers in iron foundries when compared with workers in steel and nonferrous foundries for those who died before the age of 65. A much smaller odds ratio, 1.19, was found for those who died after the age of 64.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in foods by radioimnunoassay, using staphyloccal cells containing protein A as immunoadsorbent.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay utilizing Staphylococcus aureus cells containing protein A as a coprecipitant was developed for the detection and quantitation of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in a variety of foods. The enterotoxins were extracted from the foods by a simple and rapid procedure. The sensitivity of the assay is 1.0 ng or less of enterotoxin per g of food.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1977

Apparent theophylline half-life fluctuations during treatment of acute left ventricular failure.

The administration of theophylline in a 63-year-old man with arteriosclerotic heart disease and chronic bronchitis is discussed to illustrate the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in an abnormal host state. The case demonstrates that clearly acute congestive heart failure and its treatment may dramatically affect the kinetics of theophylline elimination. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are presented, and the therapeutic implications are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Two contrasting alcoholism treatment programs: a comparison of outcomes.

Participants in two 60-day alcoholism treatment programs with contrasting treatment philosophies and rationale were followed-up 1 year after discharge from the hospital. Widely different results were obtained with distinctly different alcoholic veteran populations. Response to treatment was highly favorable for less symptomatic alcoholics when direct emphasis was place upon the alcoholism per se and complete abstinence. Less favorable responses were achieved with overt neurotic alcoholics when treatment was designed to resolve underlying personality disturbances. Self-reports of marked depression, anxiety, and prior treatment for alcoholism were three pretreatment variables found significantly related to unsuccessful drinking outcome. The implication of these findings is that treatment outcome is largely dependent upon both the characteristics of the population treated and the treatment approach.

Adult↗