Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B A Levy.
Gingival overgrowth induced by diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) has been well documented in the literature. Recently, there have been other medications with side effects causing Dilantin-like gingival overgrowth. This article presents a case in which diltiazem (Cardizem), a calcium-channel blocker, induced gingival overgrowth. A discussion of the clinical and histologic features and possible pathogenesis of the disorder is presented.
Two cases of Masson's vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma are described. The intraoral appearance of these reported lesions are rare. Due to histologic similarities to angiosarcoma and the benign progression of vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma, a thorough discussion of these diseases is presented.
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Five experiments examined changes in the processing of a text across reading encounters. Experiment 1 showed that reading speed increased systematically across encounters, with no loss in the extensiveness of analyses of the printed text, as indicated by the ability to detect nonword errors embedded within that passage. Experiment 2 replicated this improved reading fluency with experience and showed that it occurred even with typescript changes across trials, thus indicating that a primed visual operations explanation cannot account for the effect. The third and fourth experiments then extended the study of the familiarity effect to higher level processing, as indicated by the detection of word errors. Familiarity facilitated the detection of these violations at the syntactic-semantic levels. Finally, Experiment 5 showed that these higher level violations continued to be well detected over a series of reading encounters with the same text. The results indicate that prior experience improves reading speed, with no attenuation of analysis of the printed words or of the passage's message.
Median palatine cysts are rare, nonodontogenic lesion of the hard palate that do not involve the palatine papilla or incisive canal and that usually present as asymptomatic, fluctuant swellings. They may involve the floor the nasal cavity but are treated by simple enucleation, without recurrence. They are composed histologically of a fibrous collagenous tissue wall, with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, and lined by stratified squamous and/or respiratory epithelium. They are differentiated from the nasopalatine and other anterior maxillary cysts by the following diagnostic criteria: Appears grossly to be symmetrical along the midline of the hard palate. Located posterior to palatine papilla. Radiographically ovoid or circular in appearance. Not intimately associated with a nonvital tooth or found to have any communication with the incisive canal. Shows no histologic evidence of nerve trunks, large vascular spaces, hyaline cartilage, or accessory salivary gland tissue in the cyst wall.
The effects of 3H-epinephrine on the duration of block and on the time course of uptake and efflux of local anesthetic (14C-lidocaine hydrochloride) were determined in the infraorbital nerve of the pentobarbital-obtunded rat. Epinephrine, 1:50,000, doubled the duration of behavioral block produced by 37 mM (1 per cent) lidocaine; 1:100,000, 1:200,000 and 1:400,000 prolonged the block correspondingly less, the relation being inversely proportional to the log of the epinephrine concentration. The nerural level of 3H-epinephrine reached a peak within 10 minutes and then declined linearly with time, as did the associated neural level of 14C-lidocaine. Linearity apparently results from the summation of the time-linked decreasing diffusion gradient of drug and the consequently increasing rate of perfusion with blood. Phentolamine antagonizes the epinephrine-caused prolongation of behavioral block. The results suggest that in spinal anesthesia the extent of dilution of an epinephrine additive by cerebrospinal fluid will significantly affect the duration of the block.
During the past three quarters of a century, nerve blocks have been used with varying success as a primary treatment technique for patients with acute and chronic pain. However, practicing dolorologists soon realized that, in certain individuals, anesthetic blocking of noxious, peripheral afferent sensations did not always amelliorate pain complaints and at times even exaggerated them. The recent advent of the multidisciplinary approach to the management of pain, including neurosurgical procedures, new drugs, electrical stimulation and psychosocial intervention, has helped to clarify the indications for, limitations of, and disadvantages of the use of nerve blocks. The purpose of this article is to place nerve blocks in proper perspective and to define their role among the many methods currently available for the evaluation and control of severe pain.
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In this paper are presented three case reports on the use of acupuncture as the sole means of intraoperative analgesia. The authors also discuss the present status of the possible indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages and future indications for its use. It also shows that the term anesthesia is a misnomer for this modality, and that it should be called acupuncture analgesia.