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Biomedical subjects

B A Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to B A Goldstein.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Selective adaptation to low spatial frequencies does not decrease the Mueller-Lyer illusion.

The idea that low spatial-frequency information in the Mueller-Lyer figure accounts for a major part of the illusion was tested in a series of five studies. In Study 1, subjects were selectively adapted to high or low square-wave spatial-frequency gratings with no difference in the magnitude of illusion they experienced. Similarly, adaptation to sinusoidal grating patterns with either high or low spatial frequency had no effect on the magnitude of illusion experienced (Studies 2 to 5). The failure of adaptation to low spatial-frequency gratings to affect the magnitude of illusion experienced indicates either that the illusion cannot be accounted for by the low spatial-frequency information or that adaptation of the visual system by grating patterns cannot be used to explore any effects of the low spatial frequencies in the figure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of Tzanck smear, viral culture, and DNA diagnostic methods in detection of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infection.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Tzanck smears, viral cultures, and DNA diagnostic methods using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in clinically suspected cases. DESIGN: A 12-month trial comparing PCR with viral cultures and Tzanck smears in patients with clinically suspected HSV or VZV infection. SETTING: Both ambulatory and hospitalized patients were recruited from a tertiary referral center and the Miami (Fla) Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS: Convenience samples of patients clinically suspected to have HSV (n = 48) or VZV (n = 35). To be included in the final analysis patients needed to have a positive Tzanck smear, viral culture, or PCR result. Patients who were clinically suspected to have HSV but had VZV by viral culture or PCR were analyzed in the VZV group. Similarly, patients who were clinically suspected to have VZV, but had HSV by viral culture or PCR were analyzed in the HSV group. Seventy-seven patients were available for final analysis: HSV (n = 30), VZV (n = 32), and 15 control cases who did not have evidence of viral infection. RESULTS: For HSV, PCR detected HSV DNA sequences in 73% of stained smears and 83% of unstained smears. For VZV infection, VZV DNA sequences were detected in 88% of stained smears and 97% of unstained smears. Viral DNA sequences were not detected in the 15 control cases. Viral cultures were positive in 83% and 44% of HSV and VZV cases, respectively. The Tzanck smear was positive in 60% and 75% of HSV and VZV cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PCR is a reliable method for detecting HSV and VZV DNA sequences from single stained and unstained Tzanck smears. It is clearly superior to viral culture in identifying VZV infection and is equivalent to conventional culture techniques in identifying cases of HSV.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1992

Detection with the polymerase chain reaction of human papillomavirus DNA in condylomata acuminata treated in vitro with liquid nitrogen, trichloroacetic acid, and podophyllin.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of action for local treatments used against condylomata acuminata are unknown, but most are believed to cause physical destruction of infected tissue. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether liquid nitrogen, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and podophyllin damage HPV DNA found in condylomata acuminata. METHODS: Fourteen genital warts were excised from 14 patients and divided. One part was treated with liquid nitrogen, the second and third parts were treated with TCA and podophyllin, respectively, and the remainder served as a control. DNA was then extracted from tissue by proteolytic digestion and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Dot blots were performed with the use of radiolabeled consensus and HPV type-specific probes. RESULTS: HPV DNA was amplified and detected in 100% of untreated specimens, in 92% of specimens treated with liquid nitrogen, and in 15% and 7% of specimens treated with podophyllin and TCA, respectively. CONCLUSION: TCA and podophyllin damage HPV DNA more effectively than does liquid nitrogen.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Probe-tube measurements of ALDs: uniformity, linearity and frequency response differences.

A Madsen IGO 1000 was used to assess six assistive listening devices (ALDs) (Sound Plus Infrared, Minicon Induction Floor Loop, Phonic Ear Phonear, Radio Shack Realistic Personal Amplifier, Williams Sound PockeTalker with induction neck loop and Williams Sound PockeTalker permanently wired) worn by a single subject. In situ measures determined product uniformity of three samples of each of the same ALDs, volume control linearity, ear coupling effects on canal resonance and frequency response differences. ALDs were generally uniform, although the two PockeTalker models showed gain variability at all frequencies. Frequency response changes controlled by high boost switches in the Realistic were also found not to be uniform. The earbud had almost no effect on canal resonance, while lightweight headphones caused a slight loss of canal resonance. Non-telecoil coupled devices had broader/flatter responses than telecoil coupled devices. Average differences between telecoil and non-telecoil coupling were minimal. Probe-tube measurements were found to be a feasible means of assessing ALDs in situ.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

Effect of tinnitus masker noise on speech discrimination in quiet and two noise backgrounds.

Use of masking devices is achieving recognition as a means of providing tinnitus relief. While palliative results have been described, possible disruptive consequences have not yet received attention. The present study examined the effects of tinnitus masker noise on speech intelligibility. Twenty young normals listened to NU-6 word lists presented in sound field in quiet white noise, and cocktail party noise backgrounds (S/N = O dB) with and without a tinnitus masker. Although there was little impairment while wearing the masker in quiet, substantial discrimination loss was observed in the two noise backgrounds. The potential disruption in communication function while wearing a masking device is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Early identification of hearing impaired infants: Public Law 94-142 falls short.

Public Law (P.L.) 94-142, although greatly increasing the physician's role in delivery of services to handicapped children, falls short in meeting the needs of hearing impaired children from birth to 36 months in that it does not mandate referral services until age three years. The literature has shown that both conductive and sensorineural hearing losses cause delay in the development of normal speech and language. Further, those children identified and treated earlier demonstrate higher skill levels on speech and language tasks than those children identified late. The High Risk Register for hearing loss has been found a reliable means to identify such children. Given that the most critical period for learning language is from birth to three years and that at least two objective and reliable procedures for evaluating the hearing of infants and pre-school children, Impedance Audiometry and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry, are becoming more readily available in the United States, it is no longer acceptable to support the "wait and see" approach in referring suspected hearing impaired children for auditory, speech, and language diagnostics and habilitative intervention.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phonological patterns in Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking children with phonological disorders.

This study characterizes the phonological patterns in phonologically disordered Spanish-speaking children who speak the Puerto Rican dialect. A single-word assessment was used to describe the mean percentage-of-occurrence and standard deviation of phonological processes and the number and type of nontargeted process errors in 543- and 4-year-olds. Analyses were made in reference to the Puerto Rican dialect of Spanish, yielding a number of specific patterns that characterized the speech of these children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of stimulability in the assessment and treatment of Spanish-speaking children.

Stimulability has been used successfully in planning treatment of phonological disorders in English-speaking children. The effectiveness of stimulability on the treatment of phonological disorders in speakers of languages other than English has not been investigated. Specifically, its role in treatment planning of phonological disorders in Spanish-speaking children has yet to be explored. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of stimulability in the assessment and treatment of phonological disorders in Spanish-speaking children. Further, a case study applying these principles to a Spanish-speaking child with a phonological disorder is presented.

Child, Preschool↗