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Biomedical subjects

B A Franklin

Publications and source records attributed to B A Franklin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Physiologic responses to recumbent versus upright cycle ergometry, and implications for exercise prescription in patients with coronary artery disease.

To clarify the influence of body position on exercise prescription, 14 men (mean age +/- standard deviation 60.0 +/- 6.1 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent randomized recumbent and upright cycle ergometer tests to volitional fatigue were studied. At 100 watts, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, oxygen consumption (VO2), rate pressure product and rating of perceived exertion were greater (p less than 0.05) in the upright than in the recumbent position. At peak exercise, however, these variables were not significantly different. Regressions of relative HR versus VO2 for recumbent and upright cycle ergometry were comparable: y = 1.24x - 32.7 and y = 1.26x - 31.5, respectively, where y = % maximal VO2, and x = % maximal HR. These findings indicate that recumbent exercise prescriptions may be based on the peak HR and VO2 values obtained during upright cycle ergometry, and vice versa. However, differences in the cardiorespiratory responses at submaximal exercise preclude the interchangeability of upright and recumbent training work rates.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of the effects of guanadrel sulfate and propranolol on blood pressure, functional capacity, serum lipoproteins and glucose in systemic hypertension.

In a controlled, double-blind, crossover study, the effects of guanadrel sulfate and propranolol on blood pressure (BP) and selected cardiopulmonary and metabolic variables were compared in 15 physically active and moderately hypertensive subjects. Guanadrel sulfate reduced systolic and diastolic BP at rest by -16 and -15 mm Hg, and at maximal exercise by -33 and -13 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.005), without affecting submaximal oxygen consumption (VO2), maximal VO2, ventilatory threshold, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, or fatigue, as assessed by perceived exertion. In contrast, propranolol significantly decreased diastolic BP at rest (-16 mm Hg) and systolic BP at maximal exercise (-44 mm Hg); however, it significantly decreased submaximal VO2 (-3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1), maximal VO2 (-3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1), ventilatory threshold (-0.3 liters.min-1), minute ventilation at submaximal exercise (-7.3 liters.min-1), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (-0.27 liters), and concomitantly increased the rating of perceived exertion at maximal exercise (1.9 U). Guanadrel sulfate was also associated with significant decreases in mean fasting plasma glucose and total serum cholesterol, whereas propranolol resulted in an increase in serum triglycerides (p less than 0.05). In contrast to propranolol, guanadrel sulfate appears to decrease BP without evoking negative metabolic consequences or impairing exercise tolerance.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1991

Exercise prescription for hypertensive patients.

Physical conditioning has been suggested as a useful adjunct or alternative to pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of borderline or mild hypertension. This recommendation stems from numerous studies that have demonstrated modest decreases in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Exercise guidelines should be based on preliminary exercise testing and modified to accommodate those patients who are taking a variety of antihypertensive medications. Although pure isometric exercise is generally contraindicated in hypertensive patients, potentially valuable training activities that involve a substantial static component, including arm crank ergometry and mild-to-moderate load weight training, probably requires individual assessment.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1991

Introduction: physiologic adaptations to exercise training in cardiac patients: contemporary issues and concerns.

This symposium dealt with contemporary issues and concerns in cardiac rehabilitation. Selected topics included: the potential of exercise training to enhance coronary collateral circulation; safety and efficacy of high intensity training; influence of beta-blocking agents on exercise prescription and trainability; value of physical conditioning in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or cardiac transplantation; and the effect of exercise on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Each article attempted to assimilate the physiologically germane literature in an area and provide the reader with associated clinical and practical implications.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Exercise training and coronary collateral circulation.

This review examines the potential for an exercise-induced increase in coronary collateral circulation, with specific reference to the role and functional significance of collateral vessels, highlighting animal and human studies in particular, and their inherent methodological limitations. Exercise training may enhance myocardial oxygen supply by promoting transient periods of myocardial ischemia, a potent trigger of collateral growth. Some human studies have shown that moderate-to-high intensity training can result in a higher double product at the onset of angina and/or ischemic ST-segment depression, suggesting that myocardial oxygen supply has increased. Attempts to use thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy to assess myocardial perfusion before and after a physical training program have produced conflicting data, whereas angiographic studies in group trials have, without exception, yielded disappointing results. Thus, direct evidence that exercise stimulates collateralization in humans is lacking.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Myocardial and aerobic requirements for an upper body exerciser: implications for cardiac rehabilitation.

To assess the cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and electrocardiograph (ECG) responses to an upper body exercise device, we studied ten cardiac men (mean age +/- SD = 58.0 +/- 6.5 years) who performed three five-minute exercise bouts at metronome settings of 20, 50, and 80 clicks per minute. Operation of the device involved shuttling a plastic buoy on two 6-m waxed ropes between two persons. Aerobic requirements were generally appropriate for arm training, corresponding to mean values of 5.3, 7.0, and 10.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 at the three progressive metronome settings. Perceived exertion (Borg, 6 to 20 scale) at these work rates was 8.3, 10.4, and 14.6, whereas average heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses were 77, 85, and 114 beats.min-1 and 145, 158, and 175 mmHg, respectively. Continuous ECG monitoring during upper body exercise revealed no significant ST-segment depression or serious arrhythmias. The device appears to be a safe and effective complement to a cardiac exercise training program.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Exercise and fitness.

Exercise testing and prescription appear to play an important role in promoting health maintenance strategies for women. Multistage exercise tolerance testing provides invaluable information in assessing the patient's functional capacity. The diagnostic significance of exercise-induced ST-segment depression is tenuous, however, in women with a low likelihood of heart disease. Research suggests that numerous physiologic mechanisms act to increase fetal tolerance to the circulatory and respiratory challenges of moderate maternal exercise. Moreover, appropriately prescribed endurance exercise programs for women are associated with the same salutary effects as men. Even more encouraging is the fact that these benefits can be attained at moderate levels of exercise--if long-term compliance is maintained.

Exercise↗
PubMed1990

Field test estimation of maximal oxygen consumption in wheelchair users.

To develop a field test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in wheelchair users, 30 men (means age = 34.3 years) were subjected to progressive arm-crank ergometer testing with directly measured VO2max. Additionally, they performed a modified 12-minute wheelchair propulsion test for distance. Field testing was conducted within two weeks of the VO2max determination, using a standardized wheelchair (Quickie II) on a 0.1-mile indoor synthetic running track. Average peak power output and VO2max were 540 kg.m.min-1 and 22.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. The mean (+/- 1SD) wheelchair propulsion distance was 1.11 +/- 0.24 miles. Correlation of the field test data with the VO2max was highly significant (r = 0.84; p less than .001). The regression of distance in 12 minutes plotted against VO2max yielded the following equation: wheelchair propulsion (miles) = 0.370 + 0.0337 (VO2max, ml.kg-1.min-1), where the standard error of estimate = 0.13. These findings suggest that field testing can provide a good estimate of VO2max in selected wheelchair users.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Aerobic exercise training programs for the upper body.

Sufficient data are available to support the inclusion of upper body or combined arm-leg training in a comprehensive physical conditioning program. There is now evidence to suggest that initial fitness, as well as the intensity, frequency, and duration of training, may be important variables in determining the extent of cross-training benefits from the legs to the arms, and vice versa. Nevertheless, the limited degree of transfer of training benefits from one set of limbs to another appears to discount the practice of emphasizing leg training alone. Aerobic exercise programs for the upper body may yield significant central (Q and SV) and peripheral (a-vO2 difference) adaptations to support improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during arm and leg work, especially in subjects who are initially unfit, with the more dominant effects specific to the upper extremities. Finally, an arm exercise prescription that is based on the maximal heart rate derived from leg testing may result in an inappropriately high target heart rate for arm training. Workloads (kg.m.min-1) considered appropriate for leg training will generally need to be reduced by 50-60% for arm training.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Validity of skinfold thickness measures of formerly obese adults.

UNLABELLED: To assess the validity of skinfold thickness estimates of body fatness in formerly morbid obese adults, 23 patients (17 women, 6 men) who had completed a protein-sparing modified fast were studied. Mean +/- SD weight loss was 60.7 +/- 20.6 kg for men and 42.6 +/- 11.5 kg for women. Body density and percent body fatness were determined after weight loss according to four commonly used skinfold equations: Pollock (P); Durnin-Rahaman (D-R); Durnin-Womersley (D-W); and, Jackson-Pollock (J-P). The validity of these measurements was assessed by hydrostatic weighing, which revealed a percent body fatness of 20.4 +/- 6.5 for men and 29.8 +/- 8.4 for women. The mean difference and total error (square root of the mean of squared deviations) between skinfold predicted and hydrostatically-determined percent body fatness for each skinfold equation were: P, 2.0 and 4.9; D-R, 4.2 and 6.6; D-W, 7.1 and 8.4; and, J-P, 0.7 and 4.4. With the exception of the latter equation, all significantly overestimated (p less than 0.01) hydrostatically-determined percent body fatness. CONCLUSION: Select skinfold equations may result in a marked overestimation of body fatness in formerly obese patients.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Physiological profile of national-class National Collegiate Athletic Association fencers.

Selected physiological characteristics of seven national-class fencers (1983 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I champions) were studied and the results compared with those for normal persons and athletes of similar age. Evaluation included maximal oxygen uptake during arm and leg ergometry, serum lipids, body composition, and standard spirometry. Maximal oxygen uptake during arm work (34.2 mL X kg-1 X min-1) was 68% of that observed during leg work (50.2 mL X kg-1 X min-1). Mean serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 68.5, 187, and 54.5 mg/dL, respectively. Hydrostatically determined percent body fat averaged 12.2%. Results of pulmonary function studies were normal. The aerobic capacity of National Collegiate Athletic Association fencers is only slightly higher than active men of comparable age, and substantially lower than world-class endurance athletes. These data suggest that success in fencing may depend more on technique, speed, and agility as opposed to a high aerobic capacity and low percent body fatness.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Chronic adaptations to physical conditioning in cardiac patients. Implications regarding exercise trainability.

Physical conditioning in patients with coronary heart disease can result in increased functional capacity, symptomatic relief of angina pectoris, favorable reduction of risk factors, enhanced psychological status, and improved quality of life. The mechanisms underlying the adaptations to training are poorly understood, but it is clear that several factors affect exercise trainability. Guidelines are available that suggest the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise needed to obtain beneficial physiologic adaptations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

Evaluating the cardiac patient for exercise therapy. Role of exercise testing.

Several types of exercise tests and their use are reviewed. Suggestions are made for modification of tests to enhance their value in the counseling of normal individuals and patients with cardiac problems regarding occupational, recreational, and training activity. Also discussed are indications and contraindications to testing, end points in testing, and evaluation of test results.

Arm↗
PubMed1983

Hydralazine therapy in severe chronic heart failure: inability of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction measurement to predict the hemodynamic response.

Simultaneous hemodynamic and radionuclide angiographic assessment was made at rest and during exercise in nine patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure to determine the value of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction measurement in predicting the hemodynamic response to short-term treatment with oral hydralazine. Hydralazine, 50 to 100 mg orally every 6 hours, produced significant increases in cardiac index and stroke volume index at rest and during exercise (p less than 0.01) and in left ventricular stroke work index at rest (p less than 0.01) and during exercise (p less than 0.05), significant decreases in systemic vascular resistance at rest and during exercise (p less than 0.01) and significant increases in radionuclide angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction at rest (control 0.21 +/- 0.06 vs. hydralazine 0.26 +/- 0.07, p less than 0.01) and during exercise (control 0.21 +/- 0.08 vs. hydralazine 0.24 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant correlations between changes in radionuclide ejection fraction with hydralazine and changes in hemodynamic variables with hydralazine, either at rest or during exercise. Patients responding hemodynamically to hydralazine could not be separated from those not responding on the basis of the radionuclide ejection fraction at rest or changes in ejection fraction with hydralazine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗