OBJECTIVE: To examine the utility of the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) as a screening technique for premature, low birth weight infants. METHODS: One hundred thirty-three preterm infants <1,500 grams received a BINS assessment at mean adjusted age 6.8 months and a Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) assessment at mean adjusted age 12.9 months. Infants' BINS scores were compared to their BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores. RESULTS: The BINS score showed significant association with the MDI (r =.40, p = <.001) and with the PDI (r =.35, p = <.001). The BINS showed moderate predictive validity (67%-76%) for identifying lower functioning infants. CONCLUSIONS: The BINS is a satisfactory screening tool for low birth weight infants when used in conjunction with other known biologic and social risk factors.

Developmental Disabilities↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of adults' communication clarity versus communication deviance on adolescents with learning disabilities.

Research has demonstrated that confusing styles of parental communication--"communication deviances" (CD)--are associated with cognitive disorder in offspring. The present study examined the immediate effects of adult communication clarity versus deviance on sixty-one 11- to 15-year-old male and female adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the Rorschach Arrangement Task (RorAT) under conditions of either clear (n = 30) or unclear (n = 31) instructions from an adult. Immediately thereafter, the adolescents were administered a test of abstract thinking--The Twenty Questions Task (TQT). Strategies used to solve the task were assessed. As hypothesized, adolescents in the clear communication condition performed significantly better on the RorAT and used more efficient cognitive strategies on the TQT than did adolescents in the unclear communication condition. A new theory with implications for teaching and parenting is proposed for understanding the influence of adult communication on students with LD.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interrelationships of theory, clinical models and research.

This paper describes and discusses theories, clinical models and research from the vantage point of their various components and interrelationships. A process model is proposed as a tool for the analysis needed not only to interpret the physiotherapy literature but to clarify the relationship of practice to relevant theories and research findings. The authors make the point that any change in any aspect of these three areas will have an effect on the other two. Two neurological examples are given to illustrate this point. The authors also argue that effective practice in the physiotherapeutic field depends upon the dynamic interaction among these three areas: theories, clinical models and research.

Models, Theoretical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cell wall structure of Pythium debaryanum.

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Cell Wall↗