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Biomedical subjects

B A Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to B A Anderson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Probucol reduces myocardial dysfunction during reperfusion after short-term ischemia in rabbit heart.

The effects of probucol, a lipophilic antioxidant, on the myocardial dysfunction (stunning) observed during reperfusion after 15-min ischemia in rabbit heart were studied. Rabbits received food with or without 1% probucol for 3 weeks. They were then anesthetized and prepared for recording of myocardial segment shortening, arterial blood pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), rate of development of LVP (dP/dt), and a lead II ECG. Regional myocardial ischemia was produced by acute occlusion of the first marginal branch of the left coronary artery. Myocardial segment shortening was depressed after reperfusion in control rabbits. In comparison, myocardial segment shortening was significantly greater in probucol-treated rabbits than in control rabbits during reperfusion, indicating a beneficial effect. No hemodynamic or ECG changes measured could explain this difference. The number of premature ventricular contractions was reduced in the probucol-treated group, although the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were not. Concentrations of probucol in serum and heart of five rabbits were 15.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml and 17.5 +/- 2.5 micrograms/g (mean +/- SEM), respectively. Only probucol concentrations in the serum were positively correlated with the improvement in myocardial segment shortening (r = 0.91, p = 0.03). We conclude that a clinically relevant serum concentration of probucol reduces ischemia-induced myocardial stunning in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Protection against postischemic myocardial dysfunction in anesthetized rabbits with scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals: superoxide dismutase plus catalase, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine and captopril.

Postischemic myocardial dysfunction in canine myocardium has been reported to be reduced by scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals. One potential source of oxygen-derived free radicals in canine myocardium is xanthine oxidase, but human and rabbit myocardium either lack or possess very low levels of this enzyme. Therefore, the effects of scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals on postischemic myocardial dysfunction produced by 15 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion were evaluated in vivo in the rabbit. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (45,000 U/kg) and catalase (55,000 U/kg) were given into the left atrium 10 min before ischemia, and followed by an additional 45,000 U/kg of SOD and 55,000 U/kg of catalase given over 85 min. This treatment reduced postischemic myocardial dysfunction, as did sulfhydryl-containing free radical scavengers N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (4 mg/kg, i.v.) and captopril (3 mg/kg, i.v.) given 5 min before and 60 min after reperfusion. SOD given alone at the same dose was ineffective, as was enalaprilat (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that does not scavenge oxygen-derived free radicals. Thus, postischemic myocardial dysfunction was reduced by scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals in vivo in a species that is deficient in myocardial xanthine oxidase. This suggests that oxygen-derived free radicals derived from a source other than xanthine oxidase play a role in postischemic myocardial dysfunction.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Predictors of stroke outcome using objective measurement scales.

We set out to determine if rehabilitation variables predicted the motor and functional outcomes of stroke patients. Using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (motor status) and the Barthel Index (functional status), we tested 50 stroke patients less than or equal to 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after their stroke and at discharge from the hospital. Both measures are reliable and valid. We used the Spearman correlation coefficient (r) and stepwise regression analysis to analyze the data. Balanced sitting and bladder control scores at 1 week correlated significantly with motor score at discharge (r = 0.83), Barthel Index score at discharge (r = 0.82), and walking score at discharge (r = 0.80). The combined arm score at 1 month correlated significantly with the combined arm score at discharge (r = 0.94). Regression equations using the scores at 1 month produced the highest r2 values (range 0.76-0.95) in predicting the Barthel Index, motor, walking, and arm recovery scores at discharge. The correlation coefficients and the regression equations have uses in both research and clinical settings. We suggest that these objective predictors of recovery be used as adjuncts in prioritizing and directing the rehabilitation management of patients with stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Differentiating multiple personality disorder and complex partial seizures.

A number of reports have suggested that some cases of multiple personality disorder might be due to temporal lobe epileptic discharges. We have administered a structured interview, the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, to 20 subjects with multiple personality disorder, 20 with complex partial seizures, and 28 neurologic controls. Subjects also completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Results show that multiple personality can be differentiated from complex partial seizures on a large number of items. The seizure patients did not differ from controls. The data indicate that the phenomenologies of these two disorders are distinct, and, therefore, there is little reason to assume a common etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reliability of the Modified Motor Assessment Scale and the Barthel Index.

Many physical therapists use descriptive and functional assessments of motor recovery for patients with stroke. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability of two such assessments. The Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS) assesses motor recovery; the Barthel Index assesses functional independence. Interrater and intrarater reliability were determined for the total scores and individual item ratings using videotaped MMAS and Barthel Index assessments of seven patients with stroke. Therapists viewed and rated the videotaped assessments on two occasions separated by one month. The intrarater reliability results were higher than the interrater reliability results for total scores, and both results were acceptable statistically. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the individual item ratings were also determined. The MMAS and Barthel Index are reliable assessments of motor recovery and function for patients with stroke. Physical therapists are encouraged to use the two scales to document changes in the motor recovery and functional independence of patients with stroke.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Intracranial endodermal sinus tumour--role for chemotherapy.

Pineal tumours are commonly of germ cell origin. The endodermal sinus tumour is a rare histologic subtype that is highly malignant and radioresistant. A single case is described and compared to six reported intracranial cases in which chemotherapy was used in addition to surgery and/or radiation. Although a beneficial effect of chemotherapy cannot be proven, the probable benefit in non-CNS cases requires that it be strongly considered. A uniform approach to diagnosis, investigation and treatment for intracranial tumours of this type is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: Manitoba experience and literature review.

We describe eight cases of primary cerebral lymphoma seen in Manitoba from 1980 to 1985. The clinical presentation is similar to other primary brain tumors. The diagnosis should be considered when single or multiple, often deep lesions, show dense enhancement on computerized tomographic (CT) scan, but are avascular at angiography. These tumors are histologically indistinguishable from non-Hodgkins lymphomas arising outside the CNS. The prognosis is poor. However, radiotherapy with or without surgery may offer significant palliation. Although there is no consensus on the value of chemotherapy, corticosteroids alone or multiagent chemotherapy have shown promise in a few cases. For these reasons, histologic diagnosis should be sought in all cases and surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy should be considered, as prolonged survival is possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Sensorimotor perineuritis--an autoimmune disease?

The literature contains a single description of sensory perineuritis (Asbury et al 1972). These patients demonstrated a painful, distal, sensory neuropathy, and examination of peripheral nerve biopsies revealed focal thickening and inflammatory infiltrates of the perineurium. We report a patient with sensorimotor peripheral nerve dysfunction, accompanied by progressive slowing of nerve conduction velocity. Examination of a sural nerve biopsy demonstrated focal thickening of the perineurium, inflammatory infiltrates, and necrosis of perineurial cells. Immunohistology revealed a patchy precipitation of IgG and IgM on perineurial cells. Ultrastructurally, mononuclear cells were found adjacent to perineurial cells undergoing necrosis. The patient showed gradual improvement partially coinciding with a course of steroid therapy. We suggest that this neuropathy is caused by damage to the perineurial barrier possibly by an immune-mediated destruction of perineurial cells and subsequent compression of the endoneurial content by perineurial scarring.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Focal neurologic signs in western equine encephalitis.

Focal neurologic signs developed in a 75-year-old woman who had presented with encephalitis. A diagnosis of western equine encephalitis was made from serologic findings. Although she was improving clinically the patient died from acute dissection of an aortic aneurysm 11 days after admission to hospital. The pathological findings--perivascular infiltrates and multifocal necrosis in the deep grey matter--were consistent with the diagnosis of western equine encephalitis. Similar findings in the basal ganglia and spinal cord corresponded to the focal clinical signs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

XIII. Sausages and luncheon meats. Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods.

Total fat and individual fatty acid contents of thirty sausages and luncheon meat products are presented. Data are given as amounts in 100 gm. food and as amounts in household measures and market units. As fatty acid distribution will be reflected by a product's constituents and some sausage varieties can be made from one or a combination of meats, principal sources of fat are also listed in the tables. Factors for converting literature data to grams of fatty acid in a specified portion of food are briefly described.

Animals↗