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Biomedical subjects

B A Adamovich

Publications and source records attributed to B A Adamovich.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Study of physiological effects of weightlessness and artificial gravity in the flight of the biosatellite Cosmos-936.

In the 18.5-day flight of the Soviet biosatellite Cosmos-936 (3-22, August 1977) com-parative investigations of the physiological effects of prolonged weightlessness (20 rats) and artificial gravity of 1 g (10 rats) were carried out. Throughout the flight artificial gravity was generated by means of animal rotation in two centrifuges with a radius of 320mm. Postflight examination of animals and treatment of the flight data were performed by Soviet scientists in collaboration with the specialists from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, France and the U.S.A. During the flight the total motor activity of the weightless rats was higher and their body temperature was lower than those of the centrifuged animals. Postflight examination of the weightless rats showed a greater percentage of errors during maze an increase in water intake and a decrease in diuresis; a fall of the resistance of peripheral red cells; an increase in the conditionally pathogenic microflora in the mouth; a decrease of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and energy expenditures; a drop in the static physical endurance; a decline in the capacity to keep balance on the rail; an increase in the latent period of the lifting reflex, etc. The centrifugal animals displayed lesser or no change of the above type. These findings together with the biochemical and morphological data give evidence that during and after flight adaptive processes in the centrifuged rats developed better.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1978

Radiobiological experiment aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690.

In 1974, the USSR launched the biosatellite Cosmos-690 equipped with a gamma-irradiation unit that carried 35 rats. On the 10th flight day, the rats were exposed to radiation at doses of 220 or 800 rads. During the subsequent 10 d, radiation injury developed in a space environment. Similar ground-based experiments were carried out to simulate space flight environment effects. The results obtained were studied on a comparative basis. The conclusion is made that effects of a short-term space flight, as long as 20 d, do not essentially modify the radiobiological effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Life in the spacecraft and planetary station.

Further exploration of outer space and the solar system, performance of interplanetary flights and establishment of planetary stations necessitate extensive physiological studies and development of reliable life-support systems. When developing the systems, particular attention should be paid to the concept and testing of new processes which can provide a highly efficient regeneration of vitally important materials and decrease the weight of expendables. Of great significance is the establishment of optimal parameters of the environment for long-term manned spaceflights and selection of facilities securing them. The development of new life-support systems should be based on a thorough study of the particular environment, proper selection and physiological and hygienical evaluation of their components. Long duration space missions can be planned from studies on the effects of space flight factors upon the human body to reveal its variability limits under peculiar conditions of the spacecraft or planetary station.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMed1968

Man as the main component of the closed ecological system of the spacecraft or planetary station.

Current life-support systems of the spacecraft provide human requirements for food, water and oxygen only. Advanced life-support systems will involve man as their main component and will ensure completely his material and energy requirements. The design of individual components of such systems will assure their entire suitability and mutual control effects. Optimization of the performance of the crew and ecological system, on the basis of the information characterizing their function, demands efficient methods of collection and treatment of the information obtained through wireless recording of physiological parameters and their automatic treatment. Peculiarities of interplanetary missions and planetary stations make it necessary to conform the schedule of physiological recordings with the work-and-rest cycle of the space crew and inertness of components of the ecological system, especially of those responsible for oxygen regeneration. It is rational to model ecological systems and their components, taking into consideration the correction effect of the information on the health conditions and performance of the crewmen. Wide application of physiological data will allow the selection of optimal designs and sharply increase reliability of ecological systems.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life support system using water electrolysis.

The purpose of the integrated physiologico-hygienic and biotechnological laboratory experiment was to evaluate the effect of life support subsytems placed inside a sealed cabin on the cabin environment and, consequently, on the human performance and activity, and also to assess the operability of subsystems by the crewmen and disclose any resulting difficulties.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problem of automated evaluation of the functional state of the body in current aerospace and preventive medicine].

The methodology of evaluating the health status of the normal man is discussed. Special attention is given to the boundary states between the norm and pathology, i.e. ++pre-nosological and premorbid states. The development of automatic systems for evaluating the functional state of the human body is described. A motor-borne automatic system "Autosan-82" is described as a ground-based analog of a space system of medical monitoring. Also, a description of present-day automatic systems "Control", "Vita", and "Rhythm" is given. They can provide health evaluation at three levels: 1) preliminary assessment and identification of subjects in different health conditions; 2) diagnosis of functional states, identification of risk factors, and potential profiles of pathology; 3) medical examinations by specialists in different medical disciplines of subjects with potential pathologies or detailed evaluation of reserve capabilities of health subjects.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anti-bacterial protection of patients during rendering of specialized medical services].

This paper surveys the available equipment and techniques to provide bacterial protection of out-patients given medical aid. It presents a classification of the medical equipment in terms of the design, spectrum of application and type of aid. It is emphasized that patients treated outside a hospital need bacterial protection. Methods for purifying and sterilizing the equipment as well as procedures for maintaining the preset environmental parameters are described. The paper outlines technical problems the solution of which may help the development and use of bacterial protection devices to be applied in special conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Habitability and life support systems].

This paper discusses various aspects of space vehicle habitability and life support systems. It describes variations in the chemical and microbial composition of an enclosed atmosphere during prolonged real and simulated flights. The paper gives a detailed description of life support systems and environmental investigations onboard the Mir station. It also outlines the development of space vehicle habitability and life support systems as related to future flights.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the pulsation method for the hygienic treatment of underwear].

Hygienic processing of the underwear in a device combining mechanical treatment, forced pumping of the washing solution and wringing by compressed air can be used under special conditions. The basic parameters of the engineering process have been determined, viz.: the number of washing baths, temperature of the water, time of processing, etc.

Clothing↗