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Biomedical subjects

Audrey L Holland

Publications and source records attributed to Audrey L Holland.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Living successfully with aphasia: three variations on the theme.

This article describes three individuals who live full and satisfying lives despite aphasia following stroke. The three were deliberately chosen to reflect different types and severities of aphasia and lengths of time post onset, as well as different prestroke lifestyles and circumstances. Commonalities as well as unique features of their successful adjustments are discussed. The article then compares them in a general way to a larger sample of individuals who live well with aphasia and contrasts them to another larger sample of individuals who have been less able to establish fulfilling lives following stroke and aphasia. Implications for counseling aphasic individuals and their families are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Spaced retrieval treatment of anomia.

BACKGROUND: Spaced Retrieval (SR) is a treatment approach developed to facilitate recall of information by individuals with dementia. Essentially an errorless learning procedure that can be used to facilitate recall of a variety of information, SR gradually increases the interval between correct recall of target items. AIMS: Given the success of using SR in dementia, the purpose of this study was to explore its usefulness in improving naming by individuals with aphasia. The rate of acquisition and retention of items was compared between SR and a more traditional treatment technique-cueing hierarchy (CH). Also, each oral naming treatment was run concurrently with a single word writing treatment. METHODS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; PROCEDURES: Three participants who had moderate or severe naming impairments and agraphia were studied. Single-subject design was applied across oral and written naming and treated and untreated items. OUTCOMES #ENTITYSTARTX00026; RESULTS: The results indicate that for these participants, SR resulted in improved naming of specific items. The data further suggest that SR compared favourably to CH with regard to both acquisition and retention of items. The participants also benefited nicely from the writing treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest SR may be an alternative for managing naming impairment resulting from aphasia. Furthermore, the study supports providing treatments aimed at two different modalities concurrently.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

The neuroscience of recovery and rehabilitation: what have we learned from animal research?

OBJECTIVES: To encourage rehabilitation specialists to develop a critical approach to the animal research literature that is relevant to human neurorehabilitation and to encourage clinicians to lend their perspectives to basic research. ATA SOURCES: Scientific publications cited in MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychInfo, and professional presentations of leading neuroscience researchers. The focus was on current publications to 2001, with historical works included when appropriate. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected based on their relevance to the objectives. DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewed study methodology and findings and extracted key principles relevant to rehabilitation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Many themes emerging from neuroscience research are relevant to human rehabilitation, including issues related to timing of intervention and recovery, and characteristics of nervous system plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: Although animal research has many limitations, it provides a unique window on nervous system recovery and has generated important directions for future human research. Clinician involvement in basic animal research will improve the extent to which results are relevant to human rehabilitation and recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Aphasia severity: Association with cerebral perfusion and diffusion.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of the relationship between perfusion, diffusion, and stroke suggest that the extent of cerebral hypoperfusion may be a better indicator of neurological status than lesion size in the early phases of recovery. It is not clear how these factors are related to aphasia severity. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cerebral perfusion, diffusion, and aphasia severity in stroke. METHODS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; PROCEDURE: Nine participants were examined within 24 hours of stroke onset and six were re-examined at 1 month post stroke. The examination included administration of an aphasia test, a face recognition task, and a neuroimaging session including T2-, perfusion-, and diffusion-weighted MRI. OUTCOMES #ENTITYSTARTX00026; RESULTS: Participants with a variety of aphasia types and severity were included in the study. Visual inspection suggested larger perfusion abnormality than the actual lesion in eight of nine subjects at day 1. The correlation between aphasia severity and hypoperfusion was significant at day 1 and at 1 month post stroke. However, this was not the case for the relationship between aphasia severity and lesion size where the correlation was not statistically significant at day 1 or at 1 month post stroke. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion is a more accurate indicator of aphasia severity in early stroke than lesion volume.

Journal Article↗