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Antti Perheentupa

Publications and source records attributed to Antti Perheentupa.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Building families-Implementing balanced sexual and reproductive health: A Joint IFFS and ISA Scientific Statement.

One of the main initiatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the promotion of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). Sexuality, infertility, and contraception are three interconnected pillars of SRH, each essential for achieving global equity in family planning and family building. This scientific Statement, jointly developed by the International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) and the International Society of Andrology (ISA), advocates for inclusive, evidence-based care for all individuals and couples, regardless of geography or socioeconomic status. The Statement underscores the need to enhance practitioner and policymaker education to support access to infertility evaluations and treatments for both men and women and to promote the availability of comprehensive contraceptive services for all in need. The Statement addresses three core domains: sexuality, infertility, and contraception. It emphasizes a biopsychosocial approach to SRH, highlighting the complex interplay between sexual function and fertility. Infertility is a multifactorial condition requiring early, holistic, and multidisciplinary management, including integrated male and female evaluations, medically assisted reproduction, and fertility preservation strategies. Contraception is explored through the lens of global unmet needs, expanding options for male contraceptives, and the importance of socio-culturally sensitive education and counseling. The joint efforts of the IFFS and ISA call for couple-centered SRH, acknowledging the sociocultural and policy challenges that affect access to care in a region-specific manner. This Statement aims to serve as a clinical and advocacy guide for practitioners and stakeholders, reinforcing that reproductive autonomy and access to care are vital components and duties for policymakers when developing public health strategies.

contraception↗
PubMed2026

Building Families-Implementing Balanced Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Joint IFFS and ISA Scientific Statement.

One of the main initiatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the promotion of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). Sexuality, infertility, and contraception are three interconnected pillars of SRH, each essential for achieving global equity in family planning and family building. This scientific Statement, jointly developed by the International Federation of Fertility Societies (IFFS) and the International Society of Andrology (ISA), advocates for inclusive, evidence-based care for all individuals and couples, regardless of geography or socioeconomic status. The Statement underscores the need to enhance practitioner and policymaker education to support access to infertility evaluations and treatments for both men and women and to promote the availability of comprehensive contraceptive services for all in need. The Statement addresses three core domains: sexuality, infertility, and contraception. It emphasizes a biopsychosocial approach to SRH, highlighting the complex interplay between sexual function and fertility. Infertility is a multifactorial condition requiring early, holistic, and multidisciplinary management, including integrated male and female evaluations, medically assisted reproduction, and fertility preservation strategies. Contraception is explored through the lens of global unmet needs, expanding options for male contraceptives, and the importance of socio-culturally sensitive education and counseling. The joint efforts of the IFFS and ISA call for couple-centered SRH, acknowledging the sociocultural and policy challenges that affect access to care in a region-specific manner. This Statement aims to serve as a clinical and advocacy guide for practitioners and stakeholders, reinforcing that reproductive autonomy and access to care are vital components and duties for policymakers when developing public health strategies.

contraception↗
PubMed2005

Increased carotid atherosclerosis in andropausal middle-aged men.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), serum sex hormone levels, and andropausal symptoms in middle-aged men. BACKGROUND: Male sex hormones may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in men by carrying both proatherogenic and atheroprotective effects. METHODS: We studied 239 40- to 70-year-old men (mean +/- SD: 57 +/- 8 years) who participated in the Turku Aging Male Study and underwent serum lipid and sex hormone measurements. Ninety-nine men (age 58 +/- 7 years) were considered andropausal (i.e., serum testosterone <9.8 nmol/l or luteinizing hormone [LH] >6.0 U/l and testosterone in the normal range), and in both situations, they had subjective symptoms of andropause (a high symptom score in questionnaire). Three were excluded because of diabetes. The rest of the men (age 57 +/- 8 years) served as controls. Carotid IMT was determined using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, and serum testosterone, estradiol (E2), LH, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured using standard immunoassays. RESULTS: Andropausal men had a higher maximal IMT compared with controls in the common carotid (1.08 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.23, p < 0.05) and in the carotid bulb (1.44 +/- 0.48 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.35, p = 0.003). Common carotid IMT correlated inversely with serum testosterone (p = 0.003) and directly with LH (p = 0.006) in multivariate models adjusted for age, total cholesterol, body mass index, blood pressure, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged men with symptoms of andropause, together with absolute or compensated (as reflected by high normal to elevated LH) testosterone deficiency, show increased carotid IMT. These data suggest that normal testosterone levels may offer protection against the development of atherosclerosis in middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels remain high until late reproductive age and decrease during metformin therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by granulosa cells of ovarian early developing follicles and its serum levels have been shown to correlate with small antral follicle number. Since the pronounced androgen secretion from follicles/stroma in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains until late reproductive age, and since AMH reflects the number of antral follicles, it was of interest to study the possible age-related relationship between AMH, androgens and follicle number in women with PCOS and in control women. Moreover, the possible effect of metformin on serum AMH levels and the relationship to follicle count and volume were studied. METHODS: Forty-four healthy women (aged 21-44 years) and 65 women with previously diagnosed PCOS (aged 16-44 years) participated in the study. Serum basal AMH levels were correlated with those of serum androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol (E2), LH, FSH and inhibin B, and with follicle number. The effect of metformin on serum AMH concentrations, follicle number and ovarian volume was studied in 26 women (aged 20-41 years) with PCOS after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Serum AMH levels were 2- to 3- fold higher in PCOS women than in healthy women. In control women, serum AMH levels correlated positively with those of serum androstenedione (r = 0.564, P < 0.001) and testosterone (r = 0.328, P = 0.036) and negatively with serum FSH concentrations (r = -0.374, P = 0.012) and age (r = -0.691, P<0.001). In women with PCOS, serum AMH levels correlated positively with those of androstenedione (r = 0.311, P = 0.011) and testosterone (r = 0.310, P = 0.011) and with follicle count (r = 0.352, P = 0.012), and negatively with age (r = -0.300, P = 0.014). Serum AMH levels, the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume decreased significantly during metfromin treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Serum AMH levels decreased with age both in healthy women and in women with PCOS, although they were always 2- to 3-fold higher and remained elevated until 40 years of age in PCOS subjects. Thus, since serum AMH levels correlate well with antral follicle count and serum androgen levels, the measurement of AMH could be used as a tool to assess ovarian ageing, to diagnose polycystic ovaries/PCOS and to evaluate treatment efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Transdermal estradiol treatment suppresses serum gonadotropins during lactation without transfer into breast milk.

OBJECTIVE: To determine which dose of transdermal E(2) could be administered to breastfeeding women without significant transfer into breast milk. DESIGN: Single center, prospective study. SETTING: University hospital research unit. PATIENT(S): Twenty-one healthy breastfeeding women (aged 20-38 years) who had delivered 20 weeks earlier. INTERVENTION(S): Treatment with either 50, 75, or 100 microg/24 hours of transdermal E(2) or placebo for 2 weeks beginning at 20 weeks postpartum. Breast milk and blood samples were collected before the treatment and 2 weeks into the treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum and milk E(2) were measured by RIA after diethyl ether-ethyl acetate extraction. Serum inhibin B concentrations were measured by ELISA and serum FSH and LH concentrations were measured by fluoroimmunoassay. RESULT(S): None of the breast milk samples contained any measurable concentrations of E(2) after E(2) treatment. Serum E(2) concentrations were elevated in a dose-dependent manner. Both serum FSH and LH concentrations were decreased in all treatment groups with a more pronounced suppression in the 75 and 100 microg/24-hour groups. Serum inhibin B concentrations were not significantly suppressed during the study. Three of six women using the 100 microg/24-hour E(2) dose discontinued the study due to side effects. CONCLUSION(S): A dose as high as 100 microg/24 hours of E(2) can be administered transdermally without traces appearing in the breast milk. Whether the symptoms associated with the hypoestrogenic state of lactation can be alleviated by transdermal E(2) treatment (50 or 75 microg/24 hours) can now be studied in the early postpartum phase (6 weeks onward).

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

Male contraception--quo vadis?

Recent developments in the regulation of fertility have taken place mainly within female contraception. New hormones and forms of their application are being regularly introduced. The concept of male hormonal contraception is decades old. However, until very recently, little effort has been spent trying to develop this new form of contraception for the market. Condoms and vasectomy are widely used despite their shortcomings. This reflects the willingness of male partners to share the responsibility of contraception. Condoms offer good protection from sexually transmitted disease and will therefore not be fully replaced by other forms. However, development of reliable male hormonal contraception is important in offering more choice for men and couples when choosing long-term contraception, particularly in cases where female contraception presents significant side-effects or other problems.

Contraception↗
PubMed2004

Ovarian age-related responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ovarian steroid secretion capacity starts to decline as early as around the age of 30 yr. Whether an age-related decrease in androgen secretion, as in normal women, also occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and whether the enhanced androgen production in PCOS remains throughout the fertile period of life are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the age-related serum basal and gonadotropin-stimulated androgen levels in women with PCOS and to compare the results with those obtained from our previous study in healthy women with normal ovaries. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests were carried out among 42 women with PCOS (age, 16-44 yr; body mass index, 31.02 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)). An im injection of 5000 IU hCG was given 2-4 d after spontaneous or progestin-induced menstrual bleeding, and blood samples for LH, FSH, inhibin B, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and estradiol assays were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 96 h. In women with PCOS, basal serum T and A levels were about 50% higher than in healthy women. The responses of A and T to hCG [area under the curve (AUC), 96 h)] were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in normal women [A, 1183.6 +/- 60 (+/-se) vs. 814.4 +/- 39 (P <or= 0.001); T, 192.9 +/- 12 vs. 117.4 +/- 6; P <or= 0.001]. In PCOS women, the hCG-stimulated A levels correlated negatively with age (AUC of A: r = -0.044; P = 0.004), and a similar trend was also observed in AUC T levels (AUC of T: r = -0.125, P = 0.425). Despite the higher androgen secretion capacity in PCOS, the basal and hCG-stimulated serum estradiol levels were similar to those observed in normal women. LH correlated positively with age, but basal FSH and inhibin B levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, in PCOS basal serum levels of androgens and ovarian androgen secretion capacity are markedly increased and remain high throughout the reproductive years, although the decreasing ovarian capacity to release androgens in response to hCG stimulation seen in healthy women also occurs in PCOS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of progestin-only pill on pituitary-ovarian axis activity during lactation.

We have monitored effects of progestin-only pill (POP) on ovarian activity during breastfeeding. Twenty-one women, using barrier methods (BM) of contraception and 9 women on POP were enrolled 6 weeks postpartum (PP) and followed-up to 18 weeks PP. There was little change in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and no differences between BM and POP. POP did not affect plasma estradiol. There was no difference between BM and POP in plasma inhibin B concentrations. The size of follicles was similar in both groups in all time points. There was an increase in the endometrial thickness from 6 weeks PP to 18 weeks PP in BM (3.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.6 mm, p < 0.05), but no differences within the POP group or between the treatment groups. POP does not suppress gonadotropins nor affect growth of ovarian follicles during breastfeeding. Thus, the contraceptive effect of POP is likely mediated through local actions at the endometrium and cervix in a manner similar to that in menstruating women.

Adult↗