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Anna-Luise A Katzenstein

Publications and source records attributed to Anna-Luise A Katzenstein.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Utility of HBME1 combined with CK19 immunostaining.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants can be difficult to distinguish from cellular adenomatous nodules. Prior studies have advocated various antibodies to aid in the differential diagnosis, but there is little agreement on their utility. We undertook this study to evaluate immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ten cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma were initially stained for HBME1, CK19, fibronectin1, Ki-67, Calretinin, p16, SFTPB and CITED1. Additionally, two previously untested antibodies to molecules that have been found to be upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (CST6 and EPS8) were also evaluated. Of these, only HBME1, CK19 and fibronectin1 showed diagnostic utility. These three markers were then further evaluated in 51 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 57 benign thyroids. HBME1 was the most sensitive and specific marker, staining 49/51 papillary thyroid carcinomas and only 4/57 benign thyroids. CK19 was equally sensitive staining all 51 papillary thyroid carcinomas, but it was nonspecific staining 39 of 57 benign thyroids. A negative result, however, was helpful in excluding papillary thyroid carcinoma. Fibronectin1 was positive in 35/51 papillary thyroid carcinomas (69%) and 4/57 (7%) benign thyroids, but its utility was hampered by high background staining. These findings suggest that the combination of HBME1 and CK19 has the greatest diagnostic utility in the differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma from its benign mimics.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2006

Fibroblast activation protein: a serine protease expressed at the remodeling interface in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAPalpha) is a member of the cell surface dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) family of serine proteases. In its dimer form, FAPalpha exhibits gelatinase, collagenase, and DPP activity in vitro. Reactive fibroblasts in healing wounds and stromal fibroblasts associated with epithelial tumors express FAPalpha. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of the lung characterized by progressive fibrosis with no clear etiology or molecular marker for disease activity. Recently, it has been shown that fibroblast FAPalpha expression is induced in liver cirrhosis, with an expression pattern distinct from alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). In this study, we determine whether FAPalpha expression is selectively induced in areas of ongoing tissue remodeling characterized by fibroblast foci in IPF. Human lung tissue was obtained from patients with IPF, centrilobular emphysema, and normal lung. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using anti-FAPalpha antibody and antibodies against alpha-SMA and CD26 (DPPIV), another member of the DPP family. We found that FAPalpha was not expressed in normal human lung tissue or tissue with evidence of centriacinar emphysema, but was induced in all patients with IPF and With a pattern distinct from that of CD26 found primarily on hyperplastic alveolar epithelium. Specifically, FAPalpha was detected in fibroblast foci and in fibrotic interstitium and not in the interstitium of adjacent architecturally normal lung. Alveolar/airway epithelium and vascular smooth muscle did not express FAPalpha. This is the first report of FAPalpha expression in IPF and our results suggest that FAPalpha is selectively induced in fibrotic foci, but not in normal or emphysematous lung. Future studies will address whether FAPalpha may be used as a marker for disease activity in IPF.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed2006

Transbronchial biopsy in usual interstitial pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a slowly progressive, usually fatal form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia for which there is no effective treatment. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) has been utilized only to exclude other diseases such as sarcoidosis, lymphangitic carcinoma, and infection, for example, but TBB is generally considered to have little role in confirming UIP. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether diagnostic changes of UIP can be appreciated on TBB specimens. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of TBB specimens from patients with proven UIP. SETTING: Two study sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one patients with UIP confirmed by surgical lung biopsy and/or lung explant, and 1 patient with UIP confirmed by clinical and radiographic findings along with follow-up information. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Adequate tissue for diagnosis was available in 18 cases; in 7 cases (32% overall), there were varying combinations of interstitial fibrosis in a patchwork pattern along with fibroblast foci and/or honeycomb change. These features were considered diagnostic of UIP. Interstitial fibrosis along with fibroblast foci or honeycomb change were seen in two other cases, but the fibrosis lacked a patchwork pattern, and these features were considered consistent with UIP. Nonspecific interstitial fibrosis alone was found in nine cases. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, characteristic histologic features of UIP can be identified on TBB specimens more often than previously appreciated. TBB may be more useful in confirming UIP than previously recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Respiratory bronchiolitis: a clinicopathologic study in current smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers.

The clinical and pathologic features of 109 cases of respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) identified from review of 156 consecutive surgical lung biopsy specimens were studied. A total of 107 of the 109 cases (98%) occurred in smokers, including all 83 current smokers and 24 of 49 ex-smokers (49%). RB persisted in some patients for many years after stopping smoking, occurring in one third of patients 5 years after quitting, and in one patient 32 years afterwards. A correlation was found between degree of cytoplasmic pigmentation of macrophages and number of pack-years smoked and also between the presence of peribronchiolar fibrosis and number of pack-years. No correlation was found between pulmonary function test results and pathologic findings. A desquamative interstitial pneumonia-like reaction was observed in six individuals. One patient each with a desquamative interstitial pneumonia-like reaction and one with RB were diagnosed based on clinical findings with desquamative interstitial pneumonia and RB-associated interstitial lung disease, respectively. No histologic features distinguished desquamative interstitial pneumonia from a desquamative interstitial pneumonia-like reaction or RB-associated interstitial lung disease from RB. Five cases of variant RB were encountered that resembled RB except that macrophage cytoplasm lacked pigment. All occurred in never-smokers, and their significance is unknown. RB is an accurate histologic marker of cigarette smoking, and it may be found many years after smoking ceases. There are no reliable histologic features to distinguish RB-associated interstitial lung disease from RB or desquamative interstitial pneumonia-like reactions from desquamative interstitial pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens.

The pathologic findings in biopsy and subsequent explant specimens from 20 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) were reviewed to refine histologic criteria for diagnosis, to identify factors that may confound diagnosis, and to assess the relationship of UIP and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). One case of NSIP was also identified and included for comparison. Surgical biopsies from 15 of the 20 UIP cases were diagnosed as UIP, whereas 5 showed only nondiagnostic changes. An important new observation is that areas resembling nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP-like areas) are present in the majority of UIP cases in both biopsy and explant specimens, and they are extensive in some. Ten of the 15 UIP biopsies were considered straightforward, with typical patchy interstitial fibrosis, honeycomb change, and fibroblast foci. Five cases were considered difficult because of prominent NSIP-like areas in two, extensive honeycomb change in one, superimposed diffuse alveolar damage in one, and superimposed bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in one. The most helpful feature for diagnosing UIP in difficult cases was the presence of a distinct patchwork appearance to the characteristic uneven or variegated parenchymal involvement along with evidence of architectural derangement. No explant showing UIP was preceded by biopsy findings of NSIP, and the one NSIP case appeared similar at biopsy and explant. NSIP or NSIP-like areas and UIP may reflect different mechanisms of fibrosis related either to different severity of injury or to different injuries.

Adult↗