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Biomedical subjects

Ann E Hohenhaus

Publications and source records attributed to Ann E Hohenhaus.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Red blood cell transfusions in cats: 126 cases (1999).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of and reasons for RBC transfusions, incidence of acute transfusion reactions, prevalence of blood types, volume of blood administered, change in PCV, and clinical outcome in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 126 cats that received RBC transfusions. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that received whole blood or packed RBC transfusions were reviewed for signalment, blood type, pre- and post-transfusion PCV, volume of blood product administered, clinical diagnosis and cause of anemia, clinical signs of acute transfusion reactions, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Mean volume of whole blood administered i.v. was 172 mL/kg (7.8 mL/lb) versus 9.3 mL/kg (4.2 mL/lb) for packed RBCs. Ninety-four percent of cats had blood type A. Mean increase in PCV among all cats was 6%. Fifty-two percent of cats had anemia attributed to blood loss, 10% had anemia attributed to hemolysis, and 38% had anemia attributed to erythropoietic failure. Acute transfusion reactions occurred in 11 cats. Sixty percent of cats survived until discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RBC transfusions resulted in an increase in PCV in cats with all causes of anemia in this study. The rate of death was greater than in cats that did not receive transfusions, but seriousness of the underlying disease in the 2 groups may not be comparable. Death rate of cats that received transfusions was not attributable to a high rate of transfusion reactions. Results confirm that pretransfusion blood typing or crossmatching is required to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.

Anemia↗
PubMed2004

Case-control study of blood type, breed, sex, and bacteremia in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether blood type, breed, or sex were risk factors for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs and whether bacteremia was common in dogs with IMHA. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 33 dogs with IMHA, 1,014 dogs without IMHA for which blood type (dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) was known, 15,668 dogs without IMHA for which breed was known, and 15,589 dogs without IMHA for which sex was known. PROCEDURE: Blood type, breed, and sex distribution of dogs with IMHA were compared with data for control dogs with Fisher exact tests and by calculating odds ratios (ORs). Results of bacterial culture of blood samples were documented for dogs with IMHA, when available. RESULTS: Dog erythrocyte antigen 7 was associated with a significant protective effect (OR, 0.1) in Cocker Spaniels with IMHA (n = 10), compared with control dogs. Cocker Spaniels, Bichon Frise, Miniature Pinschers, Rough-coated Collies, and Finnish Spitz had a significantly increased risk of IMHA, as did female dogs (OR, 2.1). Blood samples from 12 dogs with IMHA were submitted for bacterial culture, and none had bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that blood type, breed, and sex may play a role in IMHA in dogs.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed2004

Importance of blood groups and blood group antibodies in companion animals.

Dogs, cats, birds, and ferrets are popular companion animals. Because these pets are considered by many to be family members, they are provided high-quality veterinary medical care, including blood transfusions. This article reviews the current status of blood groups in dogs, cats, birds, and ferrets and discusses the impact of blood groups on veterinary transfusion medicine. One blood group with 3 types has been described in the cat, whereas multiple blood groups have been described in the dog. Only rudimentary knowledge exists regarding pet bird blood groups, and, to date, the ferret appears to be unique because no blood groups have been described. Antibodies against blood group antigens also play a role in animal blood transfusions. Cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies; however, dogs do not appear to have clinically significant naturally occurring alloantibodies. Understanding the issues related to blood groups and blood group antibodies in companion animals will also benefit those using these species as research models for human diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Risk factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs with lymphoma receiving cyclophosphamide with or without concurrent administration of furosemide: 216 cases (1990-1996).

OBJECTIVES: To determine incidence and identify predisposing factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) in dogs with lymphoma that were treated with cyclophosphamide and to evaluate whether furosemide administered i.v. concurrently with cyclophosphamide decreased the incidence of SHC. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 216 dogs with lymphoma. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs with lymphoma that received cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in accordance with 1 of 2 protocols, with or without concurrent i.v. administration of furosemide, were examined. Data for the 2 groups were analyzed to determine the incidence and predisposing factors (age, breed, sex, weight, previous or preexisting disease, previous or preexisting urinary tract infection, neutropenia, azotemia, dose, and number of cyclophosphamide treatments) for cyclophosphamide-associated SHC. RESULTS: Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC developed in 12 of 133 (9%) dogs that had not received concurrent administration of furosemide and cyclophosphamide treatments; of the 83 dogs that had received furosemide, only 1 (1.2%) developed SHC. Dogs receiving cyclophosphamide and furosemide concurrently were significantly less likely to develop SHC than dogs that did not receive furosemide. Dogs with previous or preexisting immune-mediated disease were significantly more likely to develop cyclophosphamide-associated SHC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of results suggested an association between i.v. administration of furosemide concurrently with cyclophosphamide and decreased incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC. Incidence of cyclophosphamide-associated SHC was similar in treated dogs that did not receive concurrent furosemide to that observed for other studies in which cyclophosphamide was administered orally. Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC appeared to develop early during the course of chemotherapy when furosemide was not administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Transfusion issues in the cancer patient.

Blood transfusions are a lifesaving but transient therapy used to correct deficiencies of blood cells and coagulation factors that occur in cancer patients. Anemia can occur in cancer patients as a result of hemolysis, blood loss, or bone marrow failure. The blood component most commonly recommended for the treatment of anemia is packed red blood cells. Coagulation disorders are common with hemangiosarcoma and diffuse hepatic tumors. Fresh frozen plasma is used as a source for replacement coagulation factors for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation or other cancer-associated coagulopathies. Although thrombocytopenia and neutropenia can be the result of bone-marrow failure from tumor infiltration, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, these platelets and neutrophils are rarely transfused to veterinary cancer patients. Pretransufsion testing consists of blood typing in cats, and cross matching in dogs and cats if the dog has previously been transfused. Cancer patients receiving transfusions should be monitored on a continual basis during and immediately following the transfusion to enable early identification of an adverse event, allowing the transfusion to be discontinued.

Anemia↗
PubMed2003

Long-term survival of dogs with advanced malignant melanoma after DNA vaccination with xenogeneic human tyrosinase: a phase I trial.

PURPOSE: Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a spontaneous, aggressive, and metastatic neoplasm. Preclinical mouse studies have shown that xenogeneic DNA vaccination with genes encoding tyrosinase family members can induce antibody and cytotoxic T-cell responses, resulting in tumor rejection. These studies provided the rationale for a trial of xenogeneic DNA vaccination in CMM using the human tyrosinase gene. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three cohorts of three dogs each with advanced (WHO stage II, III, or IV) CMM received four biweekly i.m. injections (dose levels 100, 500, or 1500 micro g, respectively/vaccination) of human tyrosinase plasmid DNA i.m. via the Biojector2000 delivery device. RESULTS: Mild local reactions at injection sites were the only toxicities observed, with no signs of autoimmunity. One dog with stage IV disease had a complete clinical response in multiple lung metastases for 329 days. Two dogs with stage IV disease had long-term survivals (421 and 588+ days) in the face of significant bulky metastatic disease, and two other dogs with locally controlled stage II/III disease had long-term survivals (501 and 496 days) with no evidence of melanoma on necropsy. Four other dogs were euthanized because of progression of the primary tumor. The Kaplan-Meier median survival time for all nine dogs was 389 days. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial demonstrate that xenogeneic DNA vaccination of dogs with advanced malignant melanoma is a safe and potentially therapeutic modality. On the basis of these results, additional evaluation of this novel therapeutic is warranted in locally controlled CMM and advanced human melanoma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypofractionated radiation therapy of oral melanoma in five cats.

Five cats with melanoma involving the oral cavity were treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT). Cobalt photons were used to administer three fractions of 8.0 Gray (Gy) for a total dose of 24 Gy. Four cats received radiation on days 0, 7, and 21 and one cat received radiation on days 0, 7, and 13. One of the cats received additional irradiation following the initial treatment course. Two cats received chemotherapy. Their age ranged from 11 to 15 years with a median age of 12 years. Three cats had a response to radiation, including one complete response and two partial responses. All five cats were euthanized due to progression of disease, with one cat having evidence of metastatic disease at the time of euthanasia. The median survival time for the five cats was 146 days (range 66-224 days) from the start of RT. The results of this study suggest that oral melanoma in cats may be responsive to hypofractionated RT, but response does not seem to be durable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of owner management and complications in 67 cats with esophagostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tubes.

Esophagostomy feeding tubes were placed in 46 cats. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes were placed in 21 cats. Owner management and complications and facility of use were evaluated retrospectively by review of medical records and owner survey. Both tube types were equally effective for maintenance of body weight, ease of owner management, and complication rates. All of 12 owners surveyed were comfortable with PEG tube management. Ninety-six percent of 24 owners surveyed were comfortable with esophagostomy tube management. The esophagostomy tube can be placed less invasively, without specialized equipment, making it an excellent alternative to the PEG tube.

Animal Husbandry↗