Biomedical subjects

Anil Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Anil Kumar.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Epigenetic modulators in triple-negative breast cancer: epigenetic modifications and future treatment perspectives.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), an aggressive type of Breast Cancer (BC) characterized by the loss of expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) protein. TNBC is quite heterogenous in nature with limited available therapeutic options due to the lack of defined molecular targets. Epigenetic abnormalities have been implicated in the onset, progression, immune escape, and resistance to treatment in TNBC. Important epigenetic modulations, include DNA methylation, histone lactylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Global hypomethylation contributes to genomic instability, while promoter hypermethylation inhibits tumor suppressor genes, by dysregulating their expression, thereby promoting uncontrolled proliferation, EMT, metastasis, and immune evasion in TNBC. Targeting epigenetic modulators, have the potential to develop novel therapeutic interventions have been developed and being explored. These epidrugs have proven to be effective in preclinical and clinical trials when used in combination with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy, reducing drug resistance and aberrant proliferation. Despite of the advancements, challenges like target specificity, precise biomarkers and treatment related toxicity are the major hurdles. The review comprehensively summarized the important epigenetic alterations as well as novel treatment strategies with potential clinical applications in TNBC.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM.

Candida species are the predominant cause of fungal infections in patients treated in hospital, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis primarily affect patients who are immunocompromised or critically ill. In contrast, mucocutaneous forms of candidiasis, such as oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis, can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. Although mucocutaneous candidiasis is generally not life-threatening, it can cause considerable discomfort, recurrent infections, and complications, particularly in patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes or in those taking immunosuppressive therapies. The rise of difficult-to-treat Candida infections is driven by new host factors and antifungal resistance. Pathogens, such as Candida auris (Candidozyma auris) and fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis, pose serious global health risks. Recent taxonomic revisions have reclassified several Candida spp, potentially causing confusion in clinical practice. Current management guidelines are limited in scope, with poor coverage of emerging pathogens and new treatment options. In this Review, we provide updated recommendations for managing Candida infections, with detailed evidence summaries available in the appendix.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

A Step-by-Step Guide to Sequencing and Assembly of Complete Bacterial Genomes Using the Oxford Nanopore MinION.

The Oxford Nanopore (ONT) MinION enables sequencing of longer DNA/RNA fragments compared to other sequencers, such as Illumina, etc. This nanopore method provides distinct advantages for generating complete genome assemblies from microorganisms. Specifically, the R9.4 flow cells used for MinION sequencing have much lower error rates compared with earlier versions of the ONT platform. Coupled with base calling using Dorado software, higher-quality long reads can now be generated for complete bacterial genome assembly. In this chapter, we describe a detailed MinION method to assemble a complete genome from a microorganism, polish the final assembly, and evaluate the genome quality using various software tools. Because of the low cost for MinION sequencing, this platform could be an asset for virtually any laboratory interested in generating complete genomes from microorganisms.

Genome, Bacterial↗