Physical activity and body composition.
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Aging↗
Biomedical subjects
Angela Andreoli
Publications and source records attributed to Angela Andreoli.
Total body water estimation and maternal cardiac systolic function assessment in normal and gestational hypertensive pregnant women.
BACKGROUND: The importance of establishing correlations between cardiac function (cardiac output and stroke volume) and total body water (TBW) content in normal and hypertensive pregnancy focuses primarily on their potential relevance in treatment. Total body water content and cardiac function were evaluated in 25 normotensive (N) and 22 gestational hypertensive (GH) pregnant women matched for age, gestational age, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) during the third trimester of gestation. MATERIAL/METHODS: Patients underwent maternal echocardiography, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and hematocrit (Hct) evaluation, and the water balance index (WBI), i.e. the ratio of total body water to hematocrit, was computed. Hematocrit showed significantly lower values in normal than in GH women (31.9+/-2.2% vs. 36.2+/-2.5%; p<0.001). RESULTS: There was no difference in TBW between the two groups. The WBI was higher in normal than in GH women (1.35+/-0.20 l.kg-1.m-2 vs. 1.19+/-0.18 l.kg-1.m-2; p<0.001). Normal subjects showed a higher stroke volume than GH patients (78.0+/-9.7 ml vs 67.9+/-10.2 ml; p=0.001). Atrial function was also higher in normal than in GH women (left atrial fractional area change: 57.4+/-5.1% vs. 42.5+/-7.5%; p<0.001). Correlation was found between stroke volume and WBI (r=0.93, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal cardiac function and the water balance index are strongly related and might help in comprehending the mechanisms of adaptation in physiologic and hypertensive pregnancy.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Effect of supplementation of calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in peri- and post-menopause women; a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a serious global health problem for the future, that is why improving diagnostic methods and prevention of this disease could be helpful. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of calcium supplementations combined with Vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in a representative sample of peri- and post-menopausal women in a double-blind, a randomized, controlled trial was untaken. DESIGN: A total of 120 women aged over 45 were included in a randomised placebo-controlled, double-blind trial on the effect of a daily dietary supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D on bone mineral density and bone mineral content; over a 30-month period. METHODS: Dietary intake assessment; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure total body and segmental bone mineral density and bone mineral content at beginning of the study and every 15 months were undertaken. RESULTS: There was no significant change in dietary calcium or Vitamin D intakes in either of the treatment groups during the 30-month intervention period. The change in total BMD in the calcium group was significantly different from that in the placebo group (P <0.005). The placebo group lost a total BMD at a rate of about 0.4% per year. There was an inverse correlation between BMD and age. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density of calcium has been demonstrated in this group of young adult women. Our results showed the positive effect of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation in women both peri- and post-menopausal status; for this reason a supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D should be recommended as a strategic option in helping to prevent early postmenopausal bone loss.
Analysis of Variance↗
Nifedipine-induced changes in body composition in hypertensive patients at term.
BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the effect of nifedipine on fluid homeostasis during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the variation of body composition at term in patients with normal pregnancy and patients with gestational hypertension (GH) treated with nifedipine. METHODS: Seventeen healthy patients with singleton pregnancies and 12 non-proteinuric patients with gestational hypertension treated with nifedipine were enrolled consecutively from our University Hospital from January 2000 to January 2001. Two evaluations were performed (anthropometric measurements, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) at 5, 50 and 100kHz and hematocrit), the first at 36.4+/-3.2 weeks' gestation, the second at 2.1+/-1.6 days of puerperium. The BIA measurements included: fat mass (FM, kg), fat-free mass (FFM, kg), extra-cellular water (ECW, Lt), intra-cellular water (ICW, Lt), total body water (TBW, Lt). Values were analyzed as mean+/-S.D. and statistical analysis was performed by using the Student's t-test for unpaired data. RESULTS: Birthweights were significantly lower in the gestational hypertensive patients (3472.7+/-266.4g versus 2735.8+/-575.9g, P<0.001). At the first study time, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients than in control group, notwithstanding the therapy. Interestingly we found pre-delivery and post-delivery TBW higher in gestational hypertensive patients versus the control patients (44.48+/-9.12Lt versus 36.60+/-5.07Lt, P<0.001 and 40.69+/-4.31Lt versus 37.30+/-4.35Lt, P=0.016, respectively). TBW loss after delivery was greater among hypertensive patients (3.79+/-4.81Lt versus -0.70+/-0.72Lt, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a practical tool in the follow-up of anti-hypertensive therapy at term gestation. Moreover, nifedipine increases TBW in gestational hypertensive patients, reverting the pathophisiological pattern, yet described elsewhere.
Adult↗
Body cell mass measured by total body potassium in normal-weight and obese men and women.
OBJECTIVE: Total body potassium (TBK) concentration is linearly correlated with the size of the body cell mass (BCM). The aim of this study was to compare BCM in normal-weight and obese individuals. METHODS: 271 individuals (207 males, 64 females), 20 to 67 years of age, participated in this study. Subjects were separated by body mass index (BMI): BMI < 25 kg/m(2) (BMI-L) and BMI > 25 kg/m(2) (BMI-H). (40)K was assessed using a whole-body counter and BCM was calculated. RESULTS: BCM and TBK were significantly greater in men, with a trend to be greater in women in BMI-H compared to men in BMI-L. TBK/body weight was significantly lower, while TBK/height was significantly greater for men and women in BMI-H compared to men and women in BMI-L. Fat-free mass (FFM) was significantly greater for men in BMI-H, with no significant differences in FFM between the two groups of women. CONCLUSIONS: The healthy obese subjects in the present study had a greater BCM than the non-obese subjects. These results indicate that it is important to assess BCM in obese individuals because it could influence the type of weight loss regimen that will be used in order to preserve BCM.
Adipose Tissue↗
Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The bioelectrical impedance analysis method is a non-invasive, rapid accurate and practical method for assessing body composition. During last decade evidence has been gathered that supports the use of this method to monitor hydration status. This review critically examines different approaches and applications of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in the healthy and clinical situations. RECENT FINDINGS: Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis may be useful to assess appendicular lean body mass, to estimate muscle volume and to investigate possible relationships between muscle size and strength in a limited segment of the limb. The method may become a tool for the bedside detection of fluid accumulation in critical care. SUMMARY: This is a review of segmental bioelectrical impedance. The preponderance of the published applications of bioelectrical impedance analysis focused on applications in a healthy population and in the field indicate the validity of the methods. A short description of the set-up of the segmental method is also given. This review discusses the application of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in children in different ethnic populations, in clinical situations. We also examine the application of the method to assessing body composition, and monitoring rapid changes in internal fluid balance in the field of haemodialysis and during surgery.
Adult↗