Biomedical subjects

Andrea Gingelmaier

Publications and source records attributed to Andrea Gingelmaier.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Expression of the inhibin/activin subunits (-alpha, -betaA and -betaB) in normal and carcinogenic endometrial tissue: possible immunohistochemical differentiation markers.

Inhibins (INH) are dimeric glycoproteins, composed of an alpha-subunit (INH-alpha) and one of two possible beta-subunits (INH-betaA or -betaB), with substantial roles in human reproduction and in endocrine-responsive tumors. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency and tissue distribution of INH-alpha, -betaA and -betaB in normal and malignant endometria. Samples were obtained from normal (n=46), atrophic (n=8) and endometrioid carcinoma tissue (EC; G1=93; G2=32; G3=14). INH-alpha was significantly higher in normal compared to malignant endometrial tissue, showing a cyclical variation throughout the menstrual cycle. EC G3 did not express this subunit. INH-betaA and -betaB showed specific staining reactions within the tumor cells. The highest intensity of INH-betaA was observed in the normal secretory phase compared to adenocarcinomas (p<0.05). For INH-betaB, the significantly highest expression was noted in EC G3 compared to EC G2 (p<0.05) and atrophic endometrial tissue. In conclusion, INH-alpha, -betaA and -betaB were immunolabeled in normal and malignant endometria. INH-alpha was expressed in a declining relationship in the transition from normal to tumor tissue, suggesting a tumor suppressive function in EC. A high expression of INH-betaB was observed in EC G3 compared to G2, suggesting an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinogenesis. However, the utilization of these subunits as specific tumor markers still remains unclear.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2006

Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and other protease inhibitors in combination with nevirapine at delivery.

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral combination therapies, including nevirapine (NVP) and protease inhibitors (PI), are increasingly used in the treatment and for the prophylaxis of vertical HIV-1 transmission in HIV-1 infected pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of NVP and different PI in pregnancy we measured drug levels in maternal and foetal compartments at the day of delivery. DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in 40 eligible HIV-1 infected pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital. A pre-dose to 6 h post-dose steady-state pharmacokinetic analysis (n = 35) of the drugs on the day of the scheduled Caesarean section was performed. In addition cord blood and amniotic fluid drug levels were measured (n = 40). RESULTS: In all women NVP plasma concentrations (n = 20) were below the recommended level. PI plasma concentrations (nelfinavir, n = 5; saquinavir, n = 3; lopinavir, n = 10; ritonavir, n = 13) were extremely variable. Cord blood and amniotic fluid drug levels suggested that NVP passes the placenta unrestricted whereas PI were detected in smaller concentrations in the foetal compartment. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the changed pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in pregnancy therapeutic drug monitoring could be important and dose adjustment should be considered. The minimal placental transfer of PI is desirable from the perspective that the foetus is protected from potentially teratogenic agents. However, it is not known if antiretroviral compounds in the foetal compartment contribute to the risk reduction of vertical HIV-1 transmission, and whether the property of missing placental transfer is in fact beneficial for the newborn.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed2005

[Genital mycoses].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed2004

German-Austrian recommendations for HIV-therapy in pregnancy: update May 2003.

In Germany during the past years about 200-250 HIV infected pregnant women delivered a baby per year, a number that is currently increasing. To determine the HIV-status early in pregnancy voluntary HIV-testing of all pregnant women is recommended in Germany and Austria as part of prenatal care. In those cases, where HIV infection was known during pregnancy, since 1995 the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was reduced to 1-2%. - This low transmission rate has been achieved by the combination of anti-retroviral treatment of pregnant women, elective caesarean section before onset of labor, anti-retroviral post exposition prophylaxis in the newborn and refraining from breast-feeding by the HIV infected mother. To keep pace with new results in research, approval of new anti-retroviral drugs and changes in the general treatment recommendations for HIV infected adults, in 1998 and 2001 an interdisciplinary consensus meeting was held. Gynaecologists, infectious disease specialists, pediatricians, pharmacologists, virologists and members of the German AIDS Hilfe (NGO) were participating in this conference to update the prevention strategies. A third update became necessary in 2003. The updating process was started in January 2003 and was terminated in July 2003. The guidelines provide new recommendations on the indication and the starting point for HIV-therapy in pregnancies without complications, drugs and drug combinations to be used preferably in these pregnancies and updated information on adverse effects of anti-retroviral drugs. Also the procedures for different scenarios and risk constellations in pregnancy have been specified again. - With these current guidelines in Germany and Austria the low rate of vertical HIV-transmission should be further maintained or even further lowered.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMed2002

German-Austrian recommendations for HIV-therapy in pregnancy--common declaration of The German AIDS-society (DAIG), The Austrian AIDS-society (OEAG) as well as The Robert-Koch Institute Berlin (RKI), The German Association of Physicians specialized in HIV Care (DAGNAE), The German Society of Pediatric and Youth Medicine (DGKJ), The German AIDS Pediatric Association (PAAD), The German Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (DGGG), The National Reference Center for Retroviruses (NRZ), German AIDS Assistance (DAH).

Anti-retroviral therapy during pregnancy--The German/Austrian recommendations to optimise prevention of vertical transmission of HIV and to minimise adverse drug effects. In Germany during the last years about 200 HIV infected pregnant women delivered a baby each year, a number that is currently increasing. To determine the HIV-status early in pregnancy voluntary HIV-testing of all pregnant women is recommended in Germany and Austria as part of prenatal care. In those cases, where HIV infection was known during pregnancy, since 1995 the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was reduced to 1-2%. This low transmission rate has been achieved by the combination of anti-retroviral therapy of pregnant women, cesarean section scheduled before onset of labor, anti-retroviral prophylaxis in the newborn and refraining from breast-feeding by the HIV infected mother. In 1998 an interdisciplinary consensus meeting consisting of gynaecologists, infectious disease specialists, paediatricians, pharmacologists, virologists and members of the German AIDS Hilfe (NGO) updated this combined strategy for the first time. A second update became necessary because of new results in research, approval of new anti-retroviral drugs and changes in the general treatment recommendations for HIV infected adults, which are referred to in the pregnancy guidelines. The updating process was started in July 2000 and was finalized in May 2001. In the updated guidelines recommendations for monitoring of HIV infected pregnant women in prenatal care and for preventive procedures for the newborn in delivery room have been included. The guidelines provide new recommendations on the indication and the starting point for anti-retroviral therapy in pregnancies without complications, drugs and drug combinations to be used preferably in these pregnancies and updated information on adverse effects of anti-retroviral drugs. Also the procedures for different scenarios and risk constellations in pregnancy have been specified. With these current guidelines in Germany and Austria the low rate of vertical HIV-transmission should be further maintained.

Anti-HIV Agents↗